US2947438A - Internal insulation structure for use with liquefied petroleum products - Google Patents

Internal insulation structure for use with liquefied petroleum products Download PDF

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Publication number
US2947438A
US2947438A US703916A US70391657A US2947438A US 2947438 A US2947438 A US 2947438A US 703916 A US703916 A US 703916A US 70391657 A US70391657 A US 70391657A US 2947438 A US2947438 A US 2947438A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquefied petroleum
insulation
internal insulation
insulation structure
petroleum products
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Expired - Lifetime
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US703916A
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Frank A Clauson
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Texaco Inc
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Texaco Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
    • F17C2203/0316—Radiation shield cooled by vaporised gas from the interior
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to insulation for low temperature refrigerated products and specifically to internal insulation construction for the storage, maintenance and transportation of normally gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid condition.
  • Containers built to withstand very high pressures are used in shipment of liquefied petroleum gases for considerable distances.
  • the cost of manufacture of the heavy containers due to the amount of material required, as well as the expense of transportation, restricts the shipment to closeby establishments.
  • the size of such containers is limited because of the maximum allowable metal wall thickness permitted without stress relief.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel constructionfor the'storage and/or shipment of low temperature materials, the cost of which is negligible as compared with other means.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a simple internal insulation for the shipment and/ or storage of liquefied petroleum gases in which the dangers of construction failure are virtually eliminated.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel internal insulation in either a static or mobile apparatus for the maintenance of normally gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid form.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial diagrammatic view of a wall of a container for holding liquefied petroleum gases
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line 2-2 in Fig. 1, disclosing the internal insulation construction in greater detail. 7
  • I employ vaporized gas from the cargo of liquefied petroleum gas as a barrier between the liquid and the wall of the container to provide necessary insulation.
  • an outer wall W of a container holding liquefied petroleum gas, (the showing of which is omitted for purposes of clarity) and a series of overlapping thin metallic shields S, which are shown attached, e.g., by
  • the attachment along the top edge is complete hermetically and forms a total seal, while the attachment along the bottom edge may be interrupted, as by spot welding of the edge, or, when complete, by the provision of notches 12 therealong or adjacent the bottom edge.
  • the side edges i.e., the ends of individual pieces of shields, may be fastened to the outer wall, and when the construction is used in a tanker could be welded to the longitudinal ribs of the tanker, or to the contiguous edges of the adjacent shields to form a continuous strip around the interior of the container.
  • the method of attachment of the side edges is considered optional and when fastened to the outer wall, the quantity of heat transferred through the thin metal shields is very small.
  • the shields S are spaced from the outer wall at a distance A, Fig. 2, which may vary to 12 inches, while the distance B, Fig. 2, between the fastening of the top and bottom edges of the shield may vary from 2 to 10 feet, these dimensions varying with the insulation requirement and the thickness of shield available economically, as well as the material used, e.g., alloy steel, sheet iron or foil. Since the shield thickness is small and stresses thereon so low, the problem of low temperature embrittlement is avoided with the shield materials. Although a pronounced angularity is disclosed along the line of fastening of the lower edges to the overlapped shield, such is not required always.
  • insulation spaces or chambers C defined between the outer wall and the overlapping shields may be filled with insulating material M, (shown in Fig.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Aug. 2, 1960 F. A. CLAUSON INTERNAL INSULATION STRUCTURE FOR USE WITH LIQUEF'IED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Filed Dec. 19, 1957 Tlqzl.
United States Patent INTERNAL INSULATION STRUCTURE FOR USE WITH LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Frank A. Clauson, Roslyn Heights, N.Y., assignor to Texaco Inc., a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. 19, 1957, Ser. No. 703,916
2 Claims. (Cl. 220-15) This invention relates generally to insulation for low temperature refrigerated products and specifically to internal insulation construction for the storage, maintenance and transportation of normally gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid condition.
In domestic petroleum production, utilization of large quantities of petroleum gases is accomplished at nearby facilities, while the transportation of these gases from producing fields to relatively distant points is largely by transcontinental pipelines and to some extent by cargo containers.
Containers built to withstand very high pressures are used in shipment of liquefied petroleum gases for considerable distances. However, the cost of manufacture of the heavy containers, due to the amount of material required, as well as the expense of transportation, restricts the shipment to closeby establishments. At the same time, the size of such containers is limited because of the maximum allowable metal wall thickness permitted without stress relief.
While it is known to transport and store low temperature liquefied gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen, in Dewar type containers consisting of spaced inner and outer receptacles, the problems involved in the construction of such type containers for the shipment of the large quantities of liquefied petroleum gases required to justify their economical transportation prevents their widespread use.
Other means for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gases at extremely low temperatures and at substantially atmospheric pressure have not proven successful in commercial operation, including the use of insulated tanks mounted on barges or in vessels, the tanks being considerably larger than the pressure containers and employing balsa wood for insulation. Because of the amount of such insulation required, both interior and exterior, the usable dimensions and hence the capacities of the tanks are reduced considerably. In addition, there is the danger of low temperature embrittlement of carbon steel tank walls which might occur should the insulation drop off and expose the walls to liquefied petroleum gas. In the absence of the use of high cost alloy steels for constructing the tanks, the shipment of liquefied petroleum gases is restricted by safety standards to the relatively heavier petroleum gases which have the higher boiling points.
The storage and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases in low pressure tanks offers considerable promise if an adequate means of insulating the tank walls were developed. Although there are available satisfactory means 'of external insulation for such stationary tanks, obviously this solution is not practical on the exterior of a tanker. Even on stationary tanks, exterior insulation presents problems of condensation and corrosion beneath the insulation. In extremely low temperature situations, exterior insulation is not desirable because the supporting metal structure must be made of extremely expensive alloys that are not subject to embrittlement and low impact strength at low temepratures.
Internal insulation avoids both the corrosion and embrittlement problems but difiieulty arises in the maintenance of the structural strength of the insulating material. as a result of rapid ebullition within the voids of the insulating material and in the avoidance of sloughing oif of the insulation from the Wall of the container.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved structure for economic maintenance of low temperature liquefied gases in light weight, low pressure tanks.
Another object of the invention is to provide a novel constructionfor the'storage and/or shipment of low temperature materials, the cost of which is negligible as compared with other means.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a simple internal insulation for the shipment and/ or storage of liquefied petroleum gases in which the dangers of construction failure are virtually eliminated.
And another object of the invention is to provide a novel internal insulation in either a static or mobile apparatus for the maintenance of normally gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid form.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a partial diagrammatic view of a wall of a container for holding liquefied petroleum gases; and
Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken along the line 2-2 in Fig. 1, disclosing the internal insulation construction in greater detail. 7
In accordance with the illustrated embodiment of my invention, I employ vaporized gas from the cargo of liquefied petroleum gas as a barrier between the liquid and the wall of the container to provide necessary insulation.
Referring to the figures in the drawing, there is disclosed an outer wall W of a container, holding liquefied petroleum gas, (the showing of which is omitted for purposes of clarity) and a series of overlapping thin metallic shields S, which are shown attached, e.g., by
welding, at their top and bottom edges respectively to the outer wall and the immediately adjacent overlapped shield, as at 10 and 11. The attachment along the top edge is complete hermetically and forms a total seal, while the attachment along the bottom edge may be interrupted, as by spot welding of the edge, or, when complete, by the provision of notches 12 therealong or adjacent the bottom edge. The side edges, i.e., the ends of individual pieces of shields, may be fastened to the outer wall, and when the construction is used in a tanker could be welded to the longitudinal ribs of the tanker, or to the contiguous edges of the adjacent shields to form a continuous strip around the interior of the container. The method of attachment of the side edges is considered optional and when fastened to the outer wall, the quantity of heat transferred through the thin metal shields is very small. The shields S are spaced from the outer wall at a distance A, Fig. 2, which may vary to 12 inches, while the distance B, Fig. 2, between the fastening of the top and bottom edges of the shield may vary from 2 to 10 feet, these dimensions varying with the insulation requirement and the thickness of shield available economically, as well as the material used, e.g., alloy steel, sheet iron or foil. Since the shield thickness is small and stresses thereon so low, the problem of low temperature embrittlement is avoided with the shield materials. Although a pronounced angularity is disclosed along the line of fastening of the lower edges to the overlapped shield, such is not required always.
In addition, the insulation spaces or chambers C defined between the outer wall and the overlapping shields may be filled with insulating material M, (shown in Fig.
US703916A 1957-12-19 1957-12-19 Internal insulation structure for use with liquefied petroleum products Expired - Lifetime US2947438A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208621A (en) * 1963-08-16 1965-09-28 North American Aviation Inc Insulated tank for liquids boiling below ambient temperatures
DE2151468A1 (en) * 1970-10-16 1972-04-20 Martin Marietta Corp Insulation to reduce the heat transfer between a surface and a liquid
DE2151467A1 (en) * 1970-10-16 1972-04-20 Martin Marietta Corp Insulation to reduce the heat transfer between a surface and a liquid
US3675809A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-07-11 Martin Marietta Corp Capillary insulation
US3693367A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-09-26 Leonard J Di Peri Thermodynamic control device
FR2485588A1 (en) * 1980-06-26 1981-12-31 Ecole Nale Sup Meca Aerotechni Thermally insulating building partition - contains inclined strips extending between two spaced parallel panels
US4461398A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-24 Technigaz Storage tank for cryogenic liquefied gases such in particular as hydrogen

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2859895A (en) * 1955-04-06 1958-11-11 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Insulating tank for cold boiling liquids

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2859895A (en) * 1955-04-06 1958-11-11 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Insulating tank for cold boiling liquids

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208621A (en) * 1963-08-16 1965-09-28 North American Aviation Inc Insulated tank for liquids boiling below ambient temperatures
US3693367A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-09-26 Leonard J Di Peri Thermodynamic control device
US3675809A (en) * 1970-06-09 1972-07-11 Martin Marietta Corp Capillary insulation
DE2151468A1 (en) * 1970-10-16 1972-04-20 Martin Marietta Corp Insulation to reduce the heat transfer between a surface and a liquid
DE2151467A1 (en) * 1970-10-16 1972-04-20 Martin Marietta Corp Insulation to reduce the heat transfer between a surface and a liquid
US3668880A (en) * 1970-10-16 1972-06-13 Martin Marietta Corp Capillary insulation
FR2485588A1 (en) * 1980-06-26 1981-12-31 Ecole Nale Sup Meca Aerotechni Thermally insulating building partition - contains inclined strips extending between two spaced parallel panels
US4461398A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-24 Technigaz Storage tank for cryogenic liquefied gases such in particular as hydrogen

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