US2939770A - Reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids - Google Patents

Reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids Download PDF

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US2939770A
US2939770A US526145A US52614555A US2939770A US 2939770 A US2939770 A US 2939770A US 526145 A US526145 A US 526145A US 52614555 A US52614555 A US 52614555A US 2939770 A US2939770 A US 2939770A
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container
helix
reaction column
pitch
liquids
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US526145A
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Schwartzkopff Fritz Erich
Eger Hans
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Noblee and Thoerl GmbH
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Noblee and Thoerl GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/20—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/04—Foam

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids and particularly of fats and oils.
  • oils and fats In the treatment of oils and fats, as, for example, in the de-acidification of vegetable and animal oils and fats, the oils which contain the fatty acids must be uniformly and intimately mixed together with a caustic alkali, so that the particles of the caustic solution come in contact with the particles of the fatty acid. If the contacting is not eiiec'ted completely uniformly, a local excess of the caustic solution will occur, which will saponify the neutral oil, causing losses of the same. On the other hand, if the mixing of the components is too intensive, an undesirable emulsion will form. Oils which are emulsified in this manner cannot be completely recovered, resulting in considerable loss. Furthermore, the emulsion'oils obtained are of poor quality and command a price far below that of neutral oil.
  • reaction vessels conventionally used for this treatment of oils and fats comprise an enclosed container, into which the liquids could be fed, provided with an agitator at one end portion in the form of a propeller or blades.
  • These conventional reaction containers did not prove satisfactory, and a completely uniform mixture without emulsification is not obtained. With the agitator positioned near one end portion of the container, ex-
  • One object of this invention is a novel reaction column which will allow the continuous neutralization of oils and fats, using caustic alkali solutions with a completely uniform contacting of the solutions without the danger of emulsion formation.
  • the reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquid such as fats and oils in accordance with the invention comprises an elongated enclosed container, as, for example, a vertically extending cylindrical container. Means, such as inlet and outlet connections, are provided for introducing and withdrawing liquid from the container. A rotatable helix is positioned within the condivided into adjacent portions of reversed pitch, and
  • means such as a conventional electric motor, are pro-v vided for rotating the helix, preferably at a relatively low speed of, for example, about 40 revolutions per minute.
  • baffie plates be-.
  • baffle plates are preferably in the form of a stationary circular screw or helix.
  • the container is also preferably longitudinally sub-divided by means of separating partitions, which may be perforated or spaced from the outer container wall.
  • Fig. l is a vertical section of the elongated, enclosed container or reaction column of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • 1 designates an enclosed, elongated, vertical, cylindrical container, which may be constructed pressure-resistant, so that treatment therein may be effected under elevated pressure in order to start the reaction or to increase the reaction velocity, etc.
  • the container 1 is divided along its length into the sections I, II, and III by the baffle or partition plates 2.
  • These baffle plates 2 are perforated and are spaced from the container wall. They serve the purpose of preventing unretarded free transfer of liquid from one section into the other.
  • a rotatable shaft 3 extends axially through the container and is driven by the motor, such as the electric motor 4, at a low speed of, for example, about 40 revolutions per minute.
  • a helix screw 5 is connected to and extends around the shaft 3 throughout substantially the entire axial length of the container 1. The helix is subdivided over its length into adjacent portions of reversed pitch. Thus, as shown, the helix 5 in the Section 1 of the container 2, extends around the shaft 3 for 360 in one direction of pitch, and then reverses the direction of pitch and extends around the shaft for another 360. The sequence is repeated in the sections II and III.
  • the liquid mixture in the container can be maintained in any easy upward and downward motion until it reverses its pitch along its length in the same manner as the rotatable helix 5.
  • This stationary helix still further promotes the movement of the liquid.
  • the stationary helix 6 is preferably removably positioned in the container inorder to facilitate cleaning of the same.
  • the stationary helix may be fastened "to longitudinal ribs 16 extending along the container wall.
  • the space produced in this manner between the stationary helix 6 and the container wall makes it possible for the solids which gradually move outwardly to drop down between the ribs along the container wall and to collect in the conical portion 17 at the lower end of the reactor. In this manner the deposition of solids on the stationary helix within the individual section is avoided to a substantial extent, which increases the time interval required between cleanings of the container.
  • the material to be treated may be introduced into the container through the inlet connection 7.
  • the connections 8, 9, and 10 respectively, to which the material may be withdrawn, or through which additional substances may be added to the material in the container.
  • the heating or cooling jackets 11, 12, and 13 are provided. Heating or cooling media may be circulated through these jackets by means of the connections 18-23 provided, and, since an individual jacket with individual connections is provided for each section, each section may be individually heated or cooled.
  • the gas or vapor outlet connection 15 is provided in the upper portion of the container, which may be connected to a suitable gas and vaporoutlet.
  • a float valve having a director indirect control, may be installed in the container.
  • the soap flakes forming during the treatment in the reaction column have a purifying action on the oil, since they promote the precipitation of 4 ing liquid from said container, a rotatable helix extending substantially axially within said container and subdivided into adjacent portions of reversed pitch, and means for rotating said helix, and including positioned within the said container between the container wall and said rotatable helix a stationary helix, said stationary helix having the same axial length and a pitch, which is alternately reversed along its length in the same manner as the rotatable helix, said stationary helix being positioned so that its pitch is opposed to the corresponding section of the rotating helix.
  • Reaction column according to claim 1 in which said container is a vertically extending cylindrical container.
  • Reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids, such as fats and oils, comprising an elongated, enclosed container, means for introducing and withdraw- 3.
  • Reaction column according to claim 3 in which said stationary helix is removably positioned in longitudinally extending ribs positioned along the inner wall of said container.
  • Reaction column according to claim 1 including spray means positioned in the upper portion of the container.
  • Reaction column according to claim 1 including means :for removing vapor from the upper portion of said container.
  • Reaction column according to claim 8 in which a portion of said rotatable helix in each section extends for about 360 and then reverses pitch for about 360.
  • Reaction column according to claim 9 including an inlet connection at the bottom portion of said con.- tainer, and a conduit connection at the upper portion of each section.
  • Reaction column according to claim 1 in which said means for rotating said helix is means forrotating said helix at about 40 revolutions per minute.

Description

June 1960 F. E. SCHWARTZKQPFF ET AL 2,939,770
REACTION COLUMN FOR THE CONTINUOUS TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS Filed Aug. 3, 1955 INVENTOR. FRITZ- ERIC/7' SCHWARTZ/(OFF HANS EGER ATTORNEYS REACTION COLUMN FOR THE CONTINUOUS TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS Fritz Erich Schwartzkoptf and Hans Eger, Hamburg- Harburg, Germany, assignors to Noblee & Thorl G.m. b.H., Hamburg-Harburg, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed Aug. 3, 1955, Ser. No. 526,145
Claims priority, application Germany Aug. 7, 1954 11 Claims. (Cl. 23-283) This invention relates to an improved reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids and particularly of fats and oils.
In the treatment of oils and fats, as, for example, in the de-acidification of vegetable and animal oils and fats, the oils which contain the fatty acids must be uniformly and intimately mixed together with a caustic alkali, so that the particles of the caustic solution come in contact with the particles of the fatty acid. If the contacting is not eiiec'ted completely uniformly, a local excess of the caustic solution will occur, which will saponify the neutral oil, causing losses of the same. On the other hand, if the mixing of the components is too intensive, an undesirable emulsion will form. Oils which are emulsified in this manner cannot be completely recovered, resulting in considerable loss. Furthermore, the emulsion'oils obtained are of poor quality and command a price far below that of neutral oil.
The reaction vessels conventionally used for this treatment of oils and fats comprise an enclosed container, into which the liquids could be fed, provided with an agitator at one end portion in the form of a propeller or blades. These conventional reaction containers, however, did not prove satisfactory, and a completely uniform mixture without emulsification is not obtained. With the agitator positioned near one end portion of the container, ex-
tates Patent tensive liquid movement and agitation would occur near this end portion, but would progressively decrease in a direction away from the agitator. Thus, for example, with the agitator located near the bottom of the container, extensive movement of the liquid particles with respect to each other could only take place near the bottom, and these movements would constantly decrease upwardly in the liquid, so that the mixing effect strongly decreases from the bottom towards the top. Since, however, the oils andthe caustic alkali solutions are relatively immiscible, it was necessary, in order to avoid losses due -tofthe formation 'of local "alkali excesses, to maintain the liquids in constant motion during their entire stay in the reactor in order to assure a mutual contact between the liquid particles.
One object of this invention is a novel reaction column which will allow the continuous neutralization of oils and fats, using caustic alkali solutions with a completely uniform contacting of the solutions without the danger of emulsion formation. This, and still further objects, will become apparent from the following description, read in conjunction with the drawing, which diagrammatically shows a vertical section of an embodiment of a reaction column in accordance with the invention.
The reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquid such as fats and oils in accordance with the invention comprises an elongated enclosed container, as, for example, a vertically extending cylindrical container. Means, such as inlet and outlet connections, are provided for introducing and withdrawing liquid from the container. A rotatable helix is positioned within the condivided into adjacent portions of reversed pitch, and
means, such as a conventional electric motor, are pro-v vided for rotating the helix, preferably at a relatively low speed of, for example, about 40 revolutions per minute.
Additionally, it is preferable to provide baffie plates be-.
tween the wall of the container and the helix. These baffle plates are preferably in the form of a stationary circular screw or helix. The container is also preferably longitudinally sub-divided by means of separating partitions, which may be perforated or spaced from the outer container wall.
Fig. l is a vertical section of the elongated, enclosed container or reaction column of this invention, and
Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Referring to the embodiment shown in the drawing, 1 designates an enclosed, elongated, vertical, cylindrical container, which may be constructed pressure-resistant, so that treatment therein may be effected under elevated pressure in order to start the reaction or to increase the reaction velocity, etc. The container 1 is divided along its length into the sections I, II, and III by the baffle or partition plates 2. These baffle plates 2 are perforated and are spaced from the container wall. They serve the purpose of preventing unretarded free transfer of liquid from one section into the other.
A rotatable shaft 3 extends axially through the container and is driven by the motor, such as the electric motor 4, at a low speed of, for example, about 40 revolutions per minute. A helix screw 5 is connected to and extends around the shaft 3 throughout substantially the entire axial length of the container 1. The helix is subdivided over its length into adjacent portions of reversed pitch. Thus, as shown, the helix 5 in the Section 1 of the container 2, extends around the shaft 3 for 360 in one direction of pitch, and then reverses the direction of pitch and extends around the shaft for another 360. The sequence is repeated in the sections II and III.
Due .to the helix extending axially about the length of the container, and due to the alternate reversed pitch sections, the liquid mixture in the container can be maintained in any easy upward and downward motion until it reverses its pitch along its length in the same manner as the rotatable helix 5. This stationary helix still further promotes the movement of the liquid. The stationary helix 6 is preferably removably positioned in the container inorder to facilitate cleaning of the same. Thus,
for example, the stationary helix may be fastened "to longitudinal ribs 16 extending along the container wall. The space produced in this manner between the stationary helix 6 and the container wall makes it possible for the solids which gradually move outwardly to drop down between the ribs along the container wall and to collect in the conical portion 17 at the lower end of the reactor. In this manner the deposition of solids on the stationary helix within the individual section is avoided to a substantial extent, which increases the time interval required between cleanings of the container.
The material to be treated may be introduced into the container through the inlet connection 7. At the upper portion of each of the individual sections there are provided the connections 8, 9, and 10, respectively, to which the material may be withdrawn, or through which additional substances may be added to the material in the container.
In certain cases it may be advisable to keep the material undergoing treatment in the container in order to increase the reaction velocity, while in other cases a cooling of the material may prove necessary. In order to eifect this heating or cooling, the heating or cooling jackets 11, 12, and 13 are provided. Heating or cooling media may be circulated through these jackets by means of the connections 18-23 provided, and, since an individual jacket with individual connections is provided for each section, each section may be individually heated or cooled.
If gas or vapor is introduced into the container during the treatment of a liquid or liquid mixture, or if gases or vapors form in the liquid or liquid mixture during the reaction, the. formation of a certain amount of foam on the surface of the liquid cannot be avoided. This foam may have a very disturbing effect in both the reactor itself and in the subsequent treatment of the liquid, particularly, for example, in the case of centrifuging. In such cases it is advisable to break up the foam while it is still in the reactor, by spraying liquid on to the -foam. For this purpose, a spray 14 is provided in the upper portion of the reactor. A suitable liquid for breaking the foam may fed into the spray 14 to spray on the surface of the liquid where the foam forms on the upper portion of the container.
Additionally, in order to be able to withdraw the gases or vapors which may possibly form during the treatment, the gas or vapor outlet connection 15 is provided in the upper portion of the container, which may be connected to a suitable gas and vaporoutlet.
In order to assure feed under constant pressure for the following treatment stages, a float valve, having a director indirect control, may be installed in the container.
In operation, in, for example, the neutralization of animal and vegetable oils, the soap flakes forming during the treatment in the reaction column have a purifying action on the oil, since they promote the precipitation of 4 ing liquid from said container, a rotatable helix extending substantially axially within said container and subdivided into adjacent portions of reversed pitch, and means for rotating said helix, and including positioned within the said container between the container wall and said rotatable helix a stationary helix, said stationary helix having the same axial length and a pitch, which is alternately reversed along its length in the same manner as the rotatable helix, said stationary helix being positioned so that its pitch is opposed to the corresponding section of the rotating helix.
2. Reaction column according to claim 1, in which said container is a vertically extending cylindrical container.
accompanyingsubstances and, at the same time, adsorb them. The soap flakes will neither be broken up, nor will the single-phase system be destroyed by the gentle treatment in the device in accordance with the invention. Further, catalysts may be added intermittently and uniformly mixed with the oil in the reaction column of the invention, which is of great importance, for example, in hydrogenation. In the same manner other substances, such as ,ful-lers earth and/or gases or vaporsmay be brought into intimate contact with the oil.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiment shown, various changes and modifications will become apparent to the artisan, which fall within the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. Reaction column for the continuous treatment of liquids, such as fats and oils, comprising an elongated, enclosed container, means for introducing and withdraw- 3. Reaction column according to claim 1, in which said stationary helix is removably positioned in said container.
4. Reaction column according to claim 3, in which said stationary helix is removably positioned in longitudinally extending ribs positioned along the inner wall of said container.
'5. Reaction column according to claim 1, including spray means positioned in the upper portion of the container.
6. Reaction column according to claim 1, including means :for removing vapor from the upper portion of said container. v
7. Reaction column according to claim 1, in which said container is a pressure-resistant container.
I 8. Reaction column according to claim 1, in which said container is a substantially cylindrical, vertically extending container, sub-divided into adjacent sections along its length by liquid-permeable partition means.
9. Reaction column according to claim 8, in which a portion of said rotatable helix in each section extends for about 360 and then reverses pitch for about 360.
10. Reaction column according to claim 9, including an inlet connection at the bottom portion of said con.- tainer, and a conduit connection at the upper portion of each section.
11. Reaction column according to claim 1, in which said means for rotating said helix is means forrotating said helix at about 40 revolutions per minute.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. REACTION COLUMN FOR THE CONTINUOUS TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS, SUCH AS FATS AND OILS, COMPRISING AN ELONGATED, ENCLOSED CONTAINER, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING AND WITHDRAWING LIQUID FROM SAID CONTAINER, A ROTATABLE HELIX EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY AXIALLY WITHIN SAID CONTAINER AND SUBDIVIDED INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF REVERSED PITCH, AND MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID HELIX, AND INCLUDING POSITIONED WITHIN THE SAID CONTAINER BETWEEN THE CONTAINER WALL AND SAID ROTATABLE HELIX A STATIONARY HELIX, SAID STATIONARY HELIX HAVING THE SAME AXIAL LENGTH AND A PITCH, WHICH IS ALTERNATELY REVERSED ALONG ITS LENGTH IN THE SAME MANNER AS THE ROTATABLE HELIX, SAID STATIONARY HELIX BEIG POSITIONED SO THAT ITS PITCH IS OPPOSED TO THE CORRESPONDING SECTION OF THE ROTATING HELIX.
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Cited By (29)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3185449A (en) * 1963-10-25 1965-05-25 John E Kasten Screw conveyer for feed mixer
US3257175A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-06-21 Chemithon Corp Sulfonation apparatus
US3329410A (en) * 1965-12-20 1967-07-04 Chatillon Italiana Fibre Apparatus for continuously polycondensing or polymerizing monomers
US3675904A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-07-11 James S Bremmer Agitator apparatus
US4007016A (en) * 1975-03-06 1977-02-08 The Bethlehem Corporation Continuous-flow reactor for high viscosity materials
US4332486A (en) * 1978-09-26 1982-06-01 Mutalibov Abdusalam A Rotary pulsation apparatus
US4371503A (en) * 1979-06-17 1983-02-01 Dietmar Aichelmann Apparatus for the vaporization of aluminum trichloride
US4438074A (en) 1981-07-21 1984-03-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Continuous polymerization reactor
US4460278A (en) * 1981-01-28 1984-07-17 Toyo Engineering Corporation Continuous bulk polymerization reactor
US4544493A (en) * 1983-09-22 1985-10-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Neutralization of organic sulfuric or sulfonic detergent acid to produce high solids concentration detergent salt
US4587314A (en) * 1981-07-21 1986-05-06 Phillips Petroleum Company Continuous polymerization reactor
US5152971A (en) * 1989-05-19 1992-10-06 Atochem Production of high molecular weight, essentially uncrosslinked polychlorophosphazenes
US5178461A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-01-12 Reica Corporation Mixing apparatus
US5350595A (en) * 1992-05-13 1994-09-27 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Method for continuous manufacture of process cheese-type products
US5906853A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-05-25 Kraft Foods, Inc. Method for continuous manufacture of viscous food products
EP0933125A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-08-04 G. van Wijnsberghe en Co. NV Method and apparatus for the continuous in-line thermal and/or chemical processing of heterogeneous substances
US6054103A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-04-25 Ferro Corporation Mixing system for processes using supercritical fluids
US6227698B1 (en) * 1994-09-16 2001-05-08 Richard Frisse Gmbh Apparatus for processing dispersions of solids in a fatty phase
US20030178375A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-09-25 Sharpe Mixers, Inc. Method and apparatus for mixing additives with sludge in a powered line blender
US20110100561A1 (en) * 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Artisan Industries Inc. Vertical Wiped Thin-Film Evaporator
WO2015055844A1 (en) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Arkema France Hydrolysis vessel used in a process for amidification of acetone cyanohydrin
US9315732B1 (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-04-19 Infinitus Renewable Energy, LLC Ash filter and reboiler
US20160121276A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-05 Quantum Technologies, Inc. Dynamic mixing assembly with improved baffle design
EP2959022A4 (en) * 2013-02-20 2017-01-11 Florida Crystals Corporation Apparatus and method for crystallization
US20170043079A1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2017-02-16 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for delivery of peritoneal dialysis (pd) solutions with integrated inter-chamber diffuser
US10213053B2 (en) * 2015-09-08 2019-02-26 Adip Management, Llc Whisk mixing systems within a container
US10799117B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2020-10-13 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Patient treatment and monitoring systems and methods with cause inferencing
US10824326B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2020-11-03 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Remote interfacing with a networked dialysis system
US20210162116A1 (en) * 2015-02-05 2021-06-03 Jabil Inc. Apparatus, system and method for heating fluids

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Cited By (41)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3257175A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-06-21 Chemithon Corp Sulfonation apparatus
US3185449A (en) * 1963-10-25 1965-05-25 John E Kasten Screw conveyer for feed mixer
US3329410A (en) * 1965-12-20 1967-07-04 Chatillon Italiana Fibre Apparatus for continuously polycondensing or polymerizing monomers
US3675904A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-07-11 James S Bremmer Agitator apparatus
US4007016A (en) * 1975-03-06 1977-02-08 The Bethlehem Corporation Continuous-flow reactor for high viscosity materials
US4332486A (en) * 1978-09-26 1982-06-01 Mutalibov Abdusalam A Rotary pulsation apparatus
DE2953243C2 (en) * 1978-09-26 1987-02-19 Tashkent Avtomobil Dorozh Inst Rotary pulsation mixer - for emulsions and suspensions with porous toroid, aerofoil and resilient blades, and stator rotor unit
US4371503A (en) * 1979-06-17 1983-02-01 Dietmar Aichelmann Apparatus for the vaporization of aluminum trichloride
US4460278A (en) * 1981-01-28 1984-07-17 Toyo Engineering Corporation Continuous bulk polymerization reactor
US4587314A (en) * 1981-07-21 1986-05-06 Phillips Petroleum Company Continuous polymerization reactor
US4438074A (en) 1981-07-21 1984-03-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Continuous polymerization reactor
US4544493A (en) * 1983-09-22 1985-10-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Neutralization of organic sulfuric or sulfonic detergent acid to produce high solids concentration detergent salt
US5152971A (en) * 1989-05-19 1992-10-06 Atochem Production of high molecular weight, essentially uncrosslinked polychlorophosphazenes
US5178461A (en) * 1990-03-07 1993-01-12 Reica Corporation Mixing apparatus
US5391000A (en) * 1990-03-07 1995-02-21 Reica Corporation Mixing apparatus
US5350595A (en) * 1992-05-13 1994-09-27 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Method for continuous manufacture of process cheese-type products
US6227698B1 (en) * 1994-09-16 2001-05-08 Richard Frisse Gmbh Apparatus for processing dispersions of solids in a fatty phase
US6280076B1 (en) * 1994-09-16 2001-08-28 Richard Frisse Gmbh Apparatus for processing dispersions of solids in a fatty phase
US5996475A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-12-07 Kraft Food, Inc. Apparatus for continuous manufacture of viscous food products
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