US2936796A - Paper-makers' dryer felt - Google Patents

Paper-makers' dryer felt Download PDF

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Publication number
US2936796A
US2936796A US595616A US59561656A US2936796A US 2936796 A US2936796 A US 2936796A US 595616 A US595616 A US 595616A US 59561656 A US59561656 A US 59561656A US 2936796 A US2936796 A US 2936796A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cotton
felt
asbestos
yarns
paper
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Expired - Lifetime
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US595616A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hindle Thomas
Race Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Scapa Blackburn Ltd
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Scapa Dryers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scapa Dryers Ltd filed Critical Scapa Dryers Ltd
Priority to US595616A priority Critical patent/US2936796A/en
Priority to DK230157AA priority patent/DK103465C/da
Priority to CH4790857A priority patent/CH373949A/de
Priority to FI1062/57A priority patent/FI42499B/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2936796A publication Critical patent/US2936796A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths

Definitions

  • PAPER-MAKERS' DRYER FELT Filed July 3, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Male/@Kaff Mama' bfi/de l I 7a/ward Have United D States Patent-O 2,936,796 PAPER-MAKERS DRYER FELT Thomas Hindle and Edward Race, Blackburn, England,
  • This invention pertains to paper-makers dryer felts, which term is explained below and which are endless bands or belts of woven textile fabric employed for supporting and conveying the paper web delivered by a papevmaking machine while the web is moved through a drying zone or zones; the ypresent invention relating more especially to va felt of novel construction having a much longer useful life than felts as heretofore constructed.
  • Paper-makers dryer felts are of great length and for use in making certain types of paper may be very wide. Such felts must be woven by the use of special looms and because of their size and thickness, great quantities of yarn are used in their construction, sorthat the total cost of such a felt to the paper manufacturer is substantial, often running into many thousands of dollars.
  • thesel felts were of wool and were subjected to operations during manufacture, which doubtless justiiied the use of the term felt in this connection.
  • these wool felts were gradually superseded by cotton, and were at first of single -ply cotton duck, but such single ply fabrics were in turn, superseded by multi-ply fabrics which afforded a greater degree of softness and smoothness, which are highly desirable qualities, especially ⁇ when the felt is to lbe, used in the manufacture of the finer grades of paper.
  • cotton has some undesirable characteristics, in particular its poor resistance to heat, especially under moist conditions. Moreover, in the presence of Weak acids and/ or trace amounts of iron (often encountered in the paper-drying operation), the degradation of cotton in the presence of moisture and heat is greatly accelerated. Furthermore, cotton, as compared with most of the other natural fibers, has poor iiexural endurance. As compared with cotton, certain synthetic fibers, notably nylon and Dacron, are superior in strength, abrasion resistance, ilexural endurance and In these respects, nylon has the greater abrasion resistance and ilexural endurance ,while on the other hand Daeron is outstandingly superior to nylon in its resistance to heat and in its ability to resist attack by acids at high temperatures.
  • Customary practice in the use of asbestos in a dryer felt is to blend from to 20% of cotton or other cellulose fiber with the asbestos to assist in the spinning and weaving operations. Even such yarns are relatively weak and it is not uncommon to use asbestos yarn with a cotton core. such that the asbestos yarn may contain up to 30%. or more of cellulosic fibers, representing up to 90% of the total strength of the yarn.
  • the asbestos yarns are so interwoven that they appear on the Working face of the felt, that is to say, the face on which the paper web rests, and consequently the cotton component of these composite yarns is fully exposed to the heat and moisture conditions, so that the cotton degrades rapidly and there is a substantial loss of strength.
  • the dryer felt of the present invention consists of textile yarns interwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric comprising a top or face layer for contactwith the paper web, which is predominantly of a material which is a good heat insulator, and which is substantially unaffected by exposure to moisture, to acid, to iron and to the temperatures encountered in the use of ajdryer felt; an intermediate layer integrally joined' to the top or face layer and underlyandwhich is of a tensile strength 'comparable'to that of Acotton and which is capable of accepting all of the moisture1passed to it from the face of thejfelt, and which is capable of readily releasing this moisture as vapor.
  • the face layer is of Daeron, amaterial which can, by capillarity, accept v ery high quantities of water, but .which has such a low'moisture regain that it cannot always .hold the water it accepts; and, which is virtually unaffected by, but will not absorb either acid or trace quantities ofy iron. Therefore, the back layer of the felt should becomposed of yarns of a material capable of accept- ⁇ in g all vof the moisture which passes through the felt from its front face and which is capable of readily releasing this moisture in the form of vapor. Cotton has these latter characteristics as well as substantial tensile strength, and is desirable for the back face of the felt..
  • the intermediate layer should be of a character such as to absorb the acid and nullify the eects of minute quantities of iron, and asbestos provides these characteristics.
  • warp-faced fabricsv have been woven comprising t'wo, three or four plies, wherein the exposed surface.
  • layer of the face ply consists predominantly of Dacronr warp yarns;
  • the back ply warps are of cotton predominantly, preferably reinforcedwith helically wound synthetic filament yarns, and all of the filling yarns are asbestos yarns which constitute ythe intermediate layer between the face layer of Dacron andthe back layer of cotton.
  • weft-faced fabrics have been woven in which the exposed face weft lyarns are of Dacron; the center and back weftl yarns are of asbestos and the whole of the warp-yarns are of cotton, preferably reinforced -with helically-wound synthetic filamentryarns.' No particular weave structure appears to be necessary to obtain highly desirable results.
  • asbestos yarns is t used above and hereinafter to mean a yarn madeof asbestos fibres suitably reinforced by other fibres, such as cotton.
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary diagrammatic transverse section on the-line 2-2 of Fig. l, illustrative of a felt ernfhodyng the essential characteristics of a felt constructed according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrative of a weavestructure, which gives a substantially warp-faced fabric, such as may be employed in a three-plyfelt embodying the invenf tion',
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the same kind as that of Fig. 3, but illustrating another weave structure which givesja weftgfaced fabric. t
  • Figs. 5, 6 and .7 are views similar to Fig.- 2 but illustrative of other embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a side elevationL showing a composite yarn comprising asbestos reinforced with cotton.
  • Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, showing a composite yarn comprising cotton reinforced with nylon.A
  • the character B designates the body portion of a felt made according to the present invention
  • the characters M designate the marginal portions of the felt and which may, if desired, be of the construction and materials more fully described in the patent to Hall, No. 2,612,190, September30, 1952, and which provides high resistance, for the marginal portions of the felt, in particular, to the effects of abrasion and exposure to oil.
  • this particular marginal construction is optional, withv respect to the felt of the present invention.
  • the numeral 10 designates the exposed face of the top layer of a three-layer fabric, the numeral 11, the intermediate layer, and the numeral 12, the exposed face of the back or rear layer.
  • the exposed face of layer 10 consists of Dacron combined with a certain percentage of nylon.
  • the relative proportions of nylon and Dacron in this face layer will depend upon the specific conditions to which the felt will be subjected during use. Thus, for example, when excessive moisture is present or there is severe mechanical abrasion, or the felt rolls are of unusually small diameter, the nylon should be in major proportion. On the other hand, when acid conditions lower than pH 4.5 are encountered, or when the felt runs very hot and unusually dry, then the Dacron should be in major proportion.
  • the intermediate layer 11 consists of asbestos reinforced with cotton.
  • the intermediate layer 11 may comprise a yarn consistingV of a cotton core 13, Fig. 8,
  • rwith a Wrapping 14 of asbestos roving or the like or it may consist of any other desirable or usual composite Ayarn in which asbestos is reinforced inA one way or another with a stronger fiber.
  • the back layer 12 of this fabric of Fig. 2 is shown as consisting of cotton yarn reinforced with nylon.
  • Fig. 2 suggests that the asbestos be confined to the intermediate layer 11, it is to be understood that a greater proportion of asbestos may be employed if desired, for example all of the lling yarns of layers 11 and 12 may be of asbestos yarns, or the filler yarns of all three layers may be asbestos.
  • the face layer 10a is shown as consisting wholly of Dacron, while the intermediate layers 11a and fthe back layer 12a are like those of Fig. 2.
  • Vthe face layer 10b is of Dacron; the back layer 12bis of cotton, while the intermediate layer is of asbestos yarn, reinforced with cotton, while in Fig. 7, the face layer 10c is of Dacron, the back layer 12e ⁇ is of cotton and theintermediate layer 11e ⁇ is of asbestos yarn.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown an actual weave 'structure of aj three-ply, warp-faced woven fabric in which the surface layer Vof the upper ply 10 is comprised of the warps 1, 2 and 3.
  • the warps ⁇ 1, 2, and 3 are of Dacron, for example 5s/3 (cotton count) spun Dacron.
  • Thev warps 4, 5, v6, 7 and 8 are composed of, for example,
  • the filler yarns being of asbestos, act to neutralize the effects of acid and/or iron upon the cotton warps ⁇ 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the face layer 10x is comprised of weft yarns, and the whole of the warp is composed of 40 ends per inch of Ss/ 6 cotton reinforced with two filament nylon yarns each of 2l() total denier.
  • the filler yarns a are of 5s/ 3 Daeron.
  • the filler yarns b and c of asbestos for example, asbestos containing 10% to 15% of cotton spun laround a core of 20s/3 cotton to a resultant count of 0.8s.
  • nylon When nylon is employed as a reinforcement for cotton, it is preferable so to combine the cotton and nylon strands that the nylon forms an open helix or helices embracing the cotton as illustrated in Fig. 9, and although the asbestos yarn may consist of an asbestos strand wrapped about a cotton or nylon core, such composite yarn may alternatively itself comprise an asbestos core encased in an open jacket consisting of helical windings of the reinforcing synthetic material.
  • the particular reason for employing the asbestos is to provide a barrier which preferentially absorbs any acid present and neutralizes the latter, and also to protect the cotton yarns from the degrading effect of minute traces of iron, it is contemplated that the proportion of asbestos in the felt may be substantially reduced as compared with the customary amount, without, in any, lessening the service life of the felt.
  • the asbestos fillers in the bottom and intermediate plies might be replaced under certain circumstances, with cotton or in particular cotton reinforced with nylon, or with some other suitable organic ibrouskrnaterial, thus reducing Weight and dif# ficulties in manufacture.
  • a paper-makers dryer felt consisting of textile yarns interwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric comprising a top or face layer whose exposed surface, which contacts the paper web, is predominantly of an organic material which is substantially unaffected by exposure to the acids, compounds of iron, or the temperatures en- ACPOllntered in the use of a dryer felt and which is a good heat insulator, an intermediate ⁇ layer integr-ally joined to the face layer and underlying the latter, said intermediate layer comprising a material which reacts'chemically with acids initiallypresent in the paper to neutralize the same, and a back layer integrally joined to the intermediate layerand which comprises predominantly a material having a tensile strength, moisture absorption and modulus of elasticity similar to those of cotton.
  • Apaper-makersdryer felt according to'claim 3 ⁇ esserne the filler yarns of all plies are of asbestos reinforced with an organic filamentous material.
  • a paper-makers dryer felt according to claim l wherein the' exposed surface of the face vlayer consists of yarns of a synthetic material which is a heat insulator superior to asbestos and which is substantially inertl as respects the action of moisture, high temperature, acid or iron to which the felt is exposed during normal use, the warps of the rear ply are predominantly of cotton, and means interposed between the exposed surface of the front ply and the rear ply which is operative to shield Vcotton comprised in the rear ply from the action of acid Y or iron penetrating from the face ply.
  • a paper-makers dryer felt consisting of textile yarns intervwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric comprising a face ply, the surface of which contacts the paper when the felt is in use, whose warps are predominantly of Daeron reinforced with nylon, and the Vwefts which form an intermediate layer are of asbestos reinforced with nylon.
  • a paper-makers dryer felt consisting of textile yarns interwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric comprising a face layer, which contacts the paper web when the felt is in use, whose exposed surface ispredominantly of a synthetic material which is highly resistant to heat within the range to which the papermakers dryer felt is normally exposed, which is a good heat insulator, which is non-absorbent as respects acid or traces of iron commonly present in the paper web, and which is readily capable of transmitting moisture from the paper web to an intermediate layer of the felt, the rear layer of the felt comprising predominantly organic mateal which is highly absorbent of moisture, and a material within the structure of the ⁇ felt, which is operative to neutralize any acid and to shieldthe rear layer from the effects of any iron compounds held in suspension or solution in the moisture which istransmitted from the frontlayer to the rear layer.
  • a lpaper-makers dryer felt consisting of textile yarns interwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, the exposed surface ofthe face layer, which contacts the paper web when the felt is in use, being predominantly of an organic material which is a good heat insulator, certain of the yarns comprised in the rear layer of the fabric being of cotton, and a layer of moisture-pervious material which reacts between the exposed surface of the facev layer and said cotton yarns for shielding the latter from the degrading action of any acid and/or iron compounds to which the felt is exposed during use.
  • a paper-makers dryer-felt comprising textile yarns interwoven to form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric havv ing a top or face layer whose exposed surface, which contacts the paper web when the felt is in use, is pre-v comprises asbestos, and a back layer integrally joinedto the intermediate layer and which comprises predominantly cotton.
  • a paper-makers dryer-felt comprising textile yarnsY interwoven to ⁇ form a multi-ply fabric, said fabric having a paper-contacting surface which is predominantly of Daeron, -an intermediate layer comprising asbestos and av rear layer comprising predominantly cotton.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US595616A 1956-07-03 1956-07-03 Paper-makers' dryer felt Expired - Lifetime US2936796A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US595616A US2936796A (en) 1956-07-03 1956-07-03 Paper-makers' dryer felt
DK230157AA DK103465C (da) 1956-07-03 1957-07-01 Tørrefilt til papirmaskiner.
CH4790857A CH373949A (de) 1956-07-03 1957-07-02 Papiertrockenfilz
FI1062/57A FI42499B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-07-03 1957-07-03

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US595616A US2936796A (en) 1956-07-03 1956-07-03 Paper-makers' dryer felt

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US2936796A true US2936796A (en) 1960-05-17

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US595616A Expired - Lifetime US2936796A (en) 1956-07-03 1956-07-03 Paper-makers' dryer felt

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US (1) US2936796A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH373949A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK103465C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI42499B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885603A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-05-27 Creech Evans S Papermaking fabric
US3885602A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-05-27 Creech Evans S Woven fourdrinier fabric
US4274448A (en) * 1978-08-09 1981-06-23 Scapa Dryers, Inc. Dryer felt with encapsulated, bulky center yarns
US4308897A (en) * 1978-08-09 1982-01-05 Scapa Dryers, Inc. Dryer felt with encapsulated, bulky center yarns
US4611639A (en) * 1983-02-23 1986-09-16 Nordiskafilt Ab Forming fabric of double-layer type
USRE35777E (en) * 1989-02-10 1998-04-28 Huyck Licensco, Inc. Self stitching multilayer papermaking fabric

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2152415A (en) * 1939-03-28 Manufacture of knitted goods
GB610171A (en) * 1946-03-29 1948-10-12 Bertram Pusey Ridge Improvements in woven fabrics
US2506667A (en) * 1948-11-24 1950-05-09 Edward H Hall Composite textile yarn for use in papermaking felts
US2540874A (en) * 1949-05-25 1951-02-06 Geddings Saint Julian Felt for papermaking machines
US2542297A (en) * 1949-09-14 1951-02-20 Us Rubber Co Asbestos-nylon cover cloth
US2604689A (en) * 1952-06-18 1952-07-29 Du Pont Melt spinning process and fiber
GB710078A (en) * 1950-04-28 1954-06-09 Edward Race Improvements in and relating to papermakers' felts

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2152415A (en) * 1939-03-28 Manufacture of knitted goods
GB610171A (en) * 1946-03-29 1948-10-12 Bertram Pusey Ridge Improvements in woven fabrics
US2506667A (en) * 1948-11-24 1950-05-09 Edward H Hall Composite textile yarn for use in papermaking felts
US2540874A (en) * 1949-05-25 1951-02-06 Geddings Saint Julian Felt for papermaking machines
US2542297A (en) * 1949-09-14 1951-02-20 Us Rubber Co Asbestos-nylon cover cloth
GB710078A (en) * 1950-04-28 1954-06-09 Edward Race Improvements in and relating to papermakers' felts
US2604689A (en) * 1952-06-18 1952-07-29 Du Pont Melt spinning process and fiber

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885603A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-05-27 Creech Evans S Papermaking fabric
US3885602A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-05-27 Creech Evans S Woven fourdrinier fabric
US4274448A (en) * 1978-08-09 1981-06-23 Scapa Dryers, Inc. Dryer felt with encapsulated, bulky center yarns
US4308897A (en) * 1978-08-09 1982-01-05 Scapa Dryers, Inc. Dryer felt with encapsulated, bulky center yarns
US4611639A (en) * 1983-02-23 1986-09-16 Nordiskafilt Ab Forming fabric of double-layer type
US4729412A (en) * 1983-02-23 1988-03-08 Nordiskafilt Ab Forming fabric of double-layer type
USRE35777E (en) * 1989-02-10 1998-04-28 Huyck Licensco, Inc. Self stitching multilayer papermaking fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH373949A (de) 1963-12-15
FI42499B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-30
DK103465C (da) 1966-01-03

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