US2936452A - Radar antenna system - Google Patents

Radar antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2936452A
US2936452A US608742A US60874256A US2936452A US 2936452 A US2936452 A US 2936452A US 608742 A US608742 A US 608742A US 60874256 A US60874256 A US 60874256A US 2936452 A US2936452 A US 2936452A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
housing
wave
movable
guide
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US608742A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Louis
Klauser Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schweiz AG
Albiswerk Zuerich AG
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Siemens Albis AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Albis AG filed Critical Siemens Albis AG
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Publication of US2936452A publication Critical patent/US2936452A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/18—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to a radar antenna system comprising a reflector, for instance of parabolic shape, and a primary radiator movable on a circle about the focal point of the reflector in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic Waves.
  • the circular movement of the primary. radiator about the reflector focal point serves to produce a rotating directional radar beam which is deflected out of the axis of symmetry of the reflector.
  • the amount of deflection may amount to about one degree and the number of rotations per minute may be about I 1,800, .for instance.
  • the primary radiator is fed through a wave-guide system comprising a stationary portion and a movable portion, the radiator being mounted on the free end of the movable portion.
  • the movable portion of the waveguide system consists of a straight Waveguide conductor.
  • This conductor is connected with a driving mechanism located behind the reflector and is so journaled that the conductor axis, in operation, defines a cone whose apex lies behind the crest point of the reflector.
  • a wave-guide coupling Located at the same apex is a wave-guide coupling 'which articulately joins the movable portion with the stationary portion of the wave-guide system.
  • the coupling should consist of two mechanically separate coupling portions; and for increasing the power-transmitting capacity of the waveguide system the interior of the system is preferably subjected to super-atmospheric pressure.
  • the antenna proper of the illustrated assembly consists of a primary radiator 1 and. a reflector 2, for instance of paraboloidal shape.
  • the axis of symmetry of the reflector is indicated at 3.
  • the primary radiator 1 is energized through a wave-guide system composed of a stationary portion and a movable portion.
  • the movable portion consists of a straight, tubular wave-guide conductor 4 whose longitudinal axis is indicated at 5.
  • the primary radiator 1 is mounted on the free end of the straight conductor 4.
  • the other end of conductor 4 is connected with the stationary wave-guide portion 8 by two mechanicaliy separate portions 6 and 7 of a waveguide coupling which is located within a hermetically sealed housing 9.
  • the wave-guide portions 4 and 8 extend through the housing walls to the outside and are gas tightly sealed with the housing wall.
  • a sealing ring 10 is disposed between the movable waveguide conductor 4 and the housing 9.
  • the interior space of housing 9 is in communication with the interior of the wave-guide system through openings 11, 12 and 13 in the coupling portions 6 and 7 so that the pressure proucked within the housing 9 is also effective in the interior of the wave-guide system.
  • the primary radiator 1 is capable of translatory motion on a circle about the focal point of the reflector 2 in a plane perpendicular to the propagating direction of the electromagnetic Waves.
  • the movable waveguide conductor 4 must be so driven that its axis 5 defines the surface of a cone, without notation of the radiator 1 about the axis 5, the cone axis being coincident with the symmetry axis 3 of the reflector 2.
  • the movable conductor 4 is journaled in housing 9 by means of a universal joint and is connected with an eccenhis 15 by means of a rod 14.which is fastened to the coupling portion 6 and extends coaxially to the waveconductor 4, the eccentric 15 being revolv'able about the symmetry axis 3 of the reflector 2.
  • the universal joint is composed of a fixed gimbal ring 16 mounted on housing 9, an inner ring 17 seated upon the coupling portion as well as a compressor for the production of positive pressure in the interior of the wave-guide system, are all mounted within a hermetically sealed housing. which serves as an air pressure chamber.
  • the need for a seal at the wave-guide coupling is eliminated.
  • a gas-tightly sealed passage of the movable wave-guide portion through the housing is necessary; but such a sealed passage does not offer particular ditficulties.
  • the invention affords a number of other essential advantages. For instance, the entire driving mechanism is protected by the hermetically sealed housing from extraneous influences particularly moisture, dust, and sand. By virtue of the super-atmospheric pressure within the housing, cooling of the drive motor is improved in a simple manner.
  • the eccentric 15 is coupled with an electric drive'motor 24 through two intermeshing spur gears 22 and 23. Also coupled with the drive motor 24 and directly mounted thereon is a piston compressor 25 for the production of the desired superatmospheric pressure within the Wave-guide system.
  • the compressor 25 has a suction duct 26 in communication with the ambient air, and a pressure duct 27 communicating with the interior of housing 9.
  • r v r 3 and'21 to 24, as well as the piston compressor 25, is mounted within the housing 9 which, aside from mechanically protecting these components, also operates as an air pressure chamber for continuous maintenance of super-atmospheric pressure within the wave-guide system.
  • aradar antenna assembly of the type described is provided with additional components or auxiliaries which are preferably also mounted within the housing 9, for instance a generator for producing a reference voltage defining the instantaneous position of the primary radiator.
  • antenna assemblies according to our invention may be modified in various ways, particularly with respect to the shape, design and arrangement or" the individual components, and hence may be embodied in devices other than the one particularly illustrated and described, without departing from the essence of the invention and within the scope of the claims annexed hereto.
  • a radar antenna system comprising a housing structure forming a gas pressure chamber, a reflector outside the housing, the reflector having a focal point, a Wave guide structure comprising a movable hollow structure extending from within to without the housing structure, a universal pivot means for the movable hollow wave guide structure, the latter being movable on the universal pivot means to describe a conoidal surface about the axis of symmetry of the reflector, a primary radiator mounted onthe outer end portion of the movable hollow structure, sealing means between the movable hollow wave guide structure and the housing structure at the region of entry of the former into the latter, the universal pivot being mounted within the housing structure at a location inwardly of the said region of entry, drive transmitting means within the housing structure and connected tothe movable hollow wave guide structure to move it on the universal pivot, the primary radiator being thereby moved about the focal region of the reflector, located on said axis of symmetry, said drive transmitting means including a hollow drive transmitting member that is rigidly connected to and has an opening communicating with the a
  • a radar antenna system comprising a housing structure forming a gas pressure chamber, a reflector outside thehousing, the reflector having a focal point, a Wave guide structure comprising a movable hollow structure extending from Within to without the housing structure, a universal pivot meansrfor the movable hollow waveguide structure, the latterbeing movable on the universal pivot means to describe a conical surface about'the axis of symmetry of the reflector, a primary radiator mounted on the outer end portion of the movable hollow structure,'s ealing means between the movable hollow wave guide structure and the housing structure at the region of entry of the former into the latter, the universal pivot being mountedwithin the housing structureat a location inwardly of the said region ojfentry, drive transmitting means within i the housing structure and connected to the movable hollow wave guide structure to move it on the universal pivot, the primary radiator being thereby moved about the focal region of the reflector, located on said axis of symmetry, said drive transmitting means including a hollow drive member
  • a radarantenna system comprising a'housing structnre forming a gas pressure chamber, a parabolic'reflec tor outside the housing, the reflector having a focal point, a 'wave guide structure comprising a movable hollow structure extending from within to without the housing structure, a universal pivot means for the movable hollow .wave guide structure, .the latter being movable on the universal pivot means to describe a conoidal surface about the axis of symmetry of the reflector, a primary radiator firmly mounted on the outer end portion of the movable hollow structure, sealing means between the movable hollow structure and the housing structure at the region of entry of the former into the latter, the universal pivot being mounted within the housing structure Ma location inwardlyof the said region of entry, drive transmitting means within the housing structure and connected to the movable hollow wave guide structure to moveit on 'the universal pivot, the primary radiator being thereby moved about the focal region of the reflector, located on said axis of symmetry, said drive transmitting
  • drive transmitting means for the hollow. drive member, within the pressure housing vstructure, common motor means, for driving the said drive transmitting means and the compressor, within said pressure housing structure, and a pair of adjacent,,s p aced ringsrespectively mounted on the interior of thehollow drive member and .on the exterior of the adjacent end of the stationary waveguide structure, said ringsco- .drive member, with the interior of the pressure housing structure.
  • a radar antenna system comprising a reflector having a focal point, a primary radiator adapted for motion about said focal point within a plane perpendicular to the reflector axis, a hollow wave-guide assembly having a stationary member and a movable member and a waveguide coupling electrically interlinking said two members, said radiator being firmly mounted on said movable waveguide member, a housing forming a pressure chamber, said coupling being mounted in said housing, said respective stationary and movable wave-guide members each extending from within to the outside of said housing, pivot means for the movable wave guide member within said housing, sealing means between the movable wave guide member and the housing, drive means mounted in said housing and mechanically connected with said movable wave-guide member for imparting said motion to said radiator, and a compressor having its pressure side in free communication with the interior of said housing, the interior of said hollow wave-guide system communicating with the interior of said pressure chamber, said compressor being mounted within said housing and being mechanically connected with said drive means to be driven there from.
  • a radar antenna system comprising a reflector having a focal point, a primary radiator adapted for motion about said focal point within a plane perpendicular to the reflector axis, a hollow wave-guide assembly having a stationary member and a movable member and a waveguide coupling electrically interlinking said two members, said radiator being firmly mounted on said movable waveguide member, a housing forming a pressure chamber, said coupling being mounted in said housing, said respective stationary and movable wave-guide members each extending from within to the outside of said housing, pivot means for the movable wave guide member within said housing, sealing means between the movable wave guide member and the housing, drive means mounted in said housing and mechanically.
  • a radar antenna system comprising a reflector having a focal point, a primary radiator adapted for motion about said focal point within a plane perpendicular to the reflector axis, to produce a rotating directional radar beam which is deflected out of the axis of symmetry of the reflector, a hollow wave-guide system having a hollow stationary member and a hollow movable member and a wave-guide coupling electrically interlinking said two members, said coupling comprising relatively displaceable coupling members, said radiator being mounted on said movable wave-guide member, a sealed housing forming a gas pressure chamber, said coupling being mounted in said housing, said respective stationary and movable wave-guide members each extending from within to the outside of said housing, means for movably supporting the movable wave-guide member, substantially gas-tight sealing means between the movable wave-guide member and the housing, drive means mounted in said housing and mechanically connected with said movable wave-guide member for imparting said motion to said radiator, and a compressor having its pressure side

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US608742A 1955-12-14 1956-09-10 Radar antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2936452A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH810063X 1955-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2936452A true US2936452A (en) 1960-05-10

Family

ID=4538425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US608742A Expired - Lifetime US2936452A (en) 1955-12-14 1956-09-10 Radar antenna system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2936452A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH338872A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE974734C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1163030A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB810063A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL108537C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3541561A (en) * 1968-04-17 1970-11-17 Dynell Elec High-speed scanner in which a feed arm is pivotally mounted with and angularly movable from a complementary counter-balance arm

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419895A (en) * 1945-05-16 1947-04-29 Bruno Patents Inc Ultra high frequency deflection modulated tube
US2535699A (en) * 1947-12-16 1950-12-26 Gen Electric Rotating antenna
US2605420A (en) * 1946-01-08 1952-07-29 Jaffe David Lawrence Pressurized antenna feed
US2617029A (en) * 1948-06-29 1952-11-04 Kinsey L Plummer Nutating antenna
US2646508A (en) * 1945-10-26 1953-07-21 Gen Electric Nutating antenna
US2783440A (en) * 1955-01-26 1957-02-26 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Light weight wave guide construction

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL71017C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1900-01-01
CH262006A (de) * 1947-07-14 1949-06-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Richtantennenanlage mit einer Sende- oder Empfangscharakteristik, deren Achse eine räumliche Pendelbewegung ausführt.
DE846851C (de) * 1950-02-16 1952-08-18 Siemens Ag Verdichter, insbesondere Drehkolbenverdichter fuer Kaeltemaschinen
DE1066245B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1952-11-07 1900-01-01

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419895A (en) * 1945-05-16 1947-04-29 Bruno Patents Inc Ultra high frequency deflection modulated tube
US2646508A (en) * 1945-10-26 1953-07-21 Gen Electric Nutating antenna
US2605420A (en) * 1946-01-08 1952-07-29 Jaffe David Lawrence Pressurized antenna feed
US2535699A (en) * 1947-12-16 1950-12-26 Gen Electric Rotating antenna
US2617029A (en) * 1948-06-29 1952-11-04 Kinsey L Plummer Nutating antenna
US2783440A (en) * 1955-01-26 1957-02-26 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Light weight wave guide construction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3541561A (en) * 1968-04-17 1970-11-17 Dynell Elec High-speed scanner in which a feed arm is pivotally mounted with and angularly movable from a complementary counter-balance arm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH338872A (de) 1959-06-15
NL108537C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1163030A (fr) 1958-09-22
GB810063A (en) 1959-03-11
NL212405A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE974734C (de) 1961-04-13

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