US2934720A - Ultra-short wave directional coupler filter - Google Patents

Ultra-short wave directional coupler filter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2934720A
US2934720A US690514A US69051457A US2934720A US 2934720 A US2934720 A US 2934720A US 690514 A US690514 A US 690514A US 69051457 A US69051457 A US 69051457A US 2934720 A US2934720 A US 2934720A
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section
guides
guide
cross
cavity
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US690514A
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Marie Georges Robert Pierre
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/215—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters using ferromagnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2138—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using hollow waveguide filters

Definitions

  • the directional coupler filter according totthe invention is of the type in which 'two wave guides having rectangular cross-sections and parallel axes, and the crosssections of which have a common median plane parallel either to the longer sid'esof the cross-sections, of both guides or to the shorter sides of these cross-sections, are coupled through one or several resonant cavities by means of apertures provided in the side walls of these two guides facing each other;
  • the filter according to the invention is capable ofcoupling two rectangular cross-section wave guides in such a way that filtering takes place in the same'manner, whatever be the propagation direction considered in any one of these guides.
  • metry plane of the said cavities parallel to their square, cross-section preferably passes through the axes of the said guides, the said coupling apertures being provided on two opposite walls of the cavity perpendicular to the said square cross-section and symmetrically arranged with predetermined-frequency located in the filter pas-band accordingtotwo;distinct oscillation modes TE and TE for which the indices p and q are respectively even and odd.
  • the two guides have equal cross-sections and'are coupled to the said cavity or cavities through their side walls. facing each other andcorresponding to one of the shorter,
  • the coupling between the guides is provided by an assembly of several cavities with different resonance frequencies connected between the two guides and having eacl1 ;one-of their axes perpendicular to their, square .'cross-sectionszspaced from the nextone by an odd integer number of quarters of the phase wavelength in the guides for. a frequency equal to the average of the resonance frequencies of the said cavities,
  • a branching filter is provided allowing the connecting of i a circular cross-section wave guide, propagating the TE i wave inone orthe other of its transmission directions,
  • the said filter includis particularly well adapted to the use of such elements
  • a directional coupler filter comprising two rectangular cross-sec- 7 tion wave guides having parallel axes and the cross-sections of which have a common median plane parallel either to the longer sides or to the shorter sides of-both of these cross-sections, coupled, throughone or several resonant cavities of parallelepipedic' shape by means of the side length of the said crosssection, while the 'syming a first transitionelement.
  • the inventionithe resonant cavities may advantageously be provided 'with'movable plungers consisting of rods of dielectric material with.axesiperpendicularto the square cross-section, the position adjustment of' which allows to accurately adjust the resonance frequencies of these cavities.
  • l I Y it results from the above-specified choice of the two oscillation modes of eachIof these cavities that their electric fields respectively have a symmetrical-configuration and an antisymmetrical configurationwith respect to' one or the other of the median planes of these cavitiesperpendicular to their square cross-section ⁇ f' I
  • the invention will be better understood from the fol Patented Apr. 26, 1960' system of rectangular coordinates oxyz, in the case of waves'of the TE type propagating in the-guides.-
  • Figs. 2 and 3 represent two sections of the directional. coupler filter of Fig. 1 through plane Oxy. more pre cisely.
  • Fig. 2 represents a wave'system symmetricalwith're spect to the plane of geometric symmetry oyz, in a coupling cavity.
  • Fig. 3 represents a wave system antisymmetrical with.
  • Fig. 4 represents three cavities analogous to the cavity of Fig. 1 put in parallel connection between the two guides.”
  • Fig. 5 shows the curve of the attenuation as a function of frequency, of the waves transmitted through a filter comprising the three cavities of Fig. 4.1 i
  • Fig. 6 represents a cavity similar to'that of Fig. 1 as to its dimensions, but coupling rectangular cross-section wave guides where TE waves propagate.
  • FIG. 7 represents an assembly of branching filters according to the invention, allowing the bidirectional operation of a circular cross-section guide propagating the TE wave and associated with several utilization devices,
  • The; directional coupler filter represented in Fig. 1 is referred to a tri-rectangular axis system oxyz.
  • the three coordinate planes of this coupler are three symmetry planes, if tuning devices which will be mentioned later on are neglected.
  • the shorter sides ofguides 10 and 11 and the height of resonator 12 counted along oz are distinctly smaller than the half wavelength in free space of the waves which propagate in the considered assembly. It results therefrom that the electric-fields of these waves are constant along any straight line parallel to oz.
  • the device of Fig. 1 is built in such a way that a wave entering through section 1.of guide 10 issuesthrough section 3 of guide 11 if its frequency is equal .to the resonance frequency of cavity 12'. If not, the wave entering through opening 1 continues propagating in guide 10 and issues through section 2.
  • the .wave motion is. easily analysed by considering. that the wave system existing in the said device results from the superposition of two'systems: the one symmetrical with respect. to the mechanical symmetry plane zoy, the other antisymmetrical with respect to this same plane z y. These two systems are represented in Figs. 2 and 3 by sectionsof the system through the plane xoy.
  • the electricfield is everywhere perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The regions where the electric field is at a given. instant directed towards the positive direction of oz is shaded and the regions where the electric field is at the same instant directed towards the opposite direction of z are shown in blank.
  • cavity 12 is supposed to oscillate according to the TE mode .and Figs. 2 and 3 show how the electric field for this mode is distributed in the cavity when the oscillation is symmetrical (Fig. 2) or antisymmetrical (Fig. 3) with respect to my.
  • the apertures 7 and 8 contribute to the exchange of energy between cavity 12 and guides 10 and 11, and not Sand 6. This is due to the face that for thisoscillation type, the apertures 5 and 6 are located in the neighbourhood of a zero electric field plane.
  • the resonance frequency of the antisymmetrical oscillation mode with respect. to 1 y is likewise reduced without changing the-resonance frequency of the symmetrical mode.
  • Fig. l where the cavity is shown from outside, the plungers 13 and 14, mechanically associated by a con.- necting member 20, may be seen; it is convenient to simultaneously handle the two plungers 13 and 14 in order to adjust the cavity resonance for the symmetrical oscillation mode with respect to zoy.
  • the two plungers 15 and 16 which allow adjustingof the antisymmetrical resonance are also mechanically associated by a member located on the other side of the device; therefore, they cannot be seen on Fig. 1.
  • the resonances used are those according to the TE and TE modes; it is particularly easy to. adjust. the loaded-Qs of the cavity independently of each other for both of the considered modes.
  • thecoupling apertures 7 and 8 are located on both sides of 0y, at a distance vapproximately equal to a sixth of the length of the square side, they do not influence the loaded-Qv for the symmetrical oscillation mode with respect to 20).; thecoupling apertures such as Sand 6 located on the axis oyneither change the loaded-Q of the cavity for the antisymmetrical-resonance with. respect to the plane zoy. It is.v therefore possible to independently; adjust the loaded-Q for the symmetrical and. antisymmetrical modes with respect to zoy, by-respectiveadjustment of the 'size of the coupling apertures (5, 6) and (7, 8).
  • the coupling between guides 10 and 11 is of the type which reverses the direction of propagation of the waves; this is due,t the fact that, in the resonator 12, the spatial periodicity in the direction y is such that there is half a wavelength more for the antisymmetrical mode than for the symmetrical one.
  • Fig. 4 three cavlties analogous to those represented several transmitters or destined for Several receivers propin Figs. 2 and 3, connected in parallel, are shown in' secj" tion.
  • Fig. 5 represents, in dotted lines, three curves 21,- 22, 23 respectively giving for the three cavities 24, 25, 26 of Fig. 4 the attenuation A as a function of the frequency F of the waves, transmitted from input 27 to output 28 of the guides, supposing that only one cavity is -used, the'others having their coupling apertures shortcircuited.
  • the curve 29 in full line shows theitransmis gear-rec course, be very near to the ferromagnetic resonancefrequencyof the material for the particular value of the constant magnetic field employed.
  • the two magnetic fields having the same amplitude and oscillating in phase quadrature add themselves vectorially.
  • the apparent'permeability of the ferrite rod will be very different, and the resonance frequency of the cavity will also be different. "There will be a resonance frequency for the waves entering 1 and issuing through? or entering 4 and issuing through 2 (these two wave systems just differing from one another by a rotation of 180 degrees around axis oz).
  • transition members will be respectively called' first and second type transition members.
  • Fig. 7 represents an assembly of branching filters which j-allows the bidirectional operation of a'cir'cular cross-section wave guide according to the TE mode by several transmitters and receivers.
  • the circular guide section nearest to the filters is designated by 40 in Fig. 7,
  • the device is mechanically symmetrical with respect to plane xoy.
  • the electric field is at any time antisymmetrical with respect to the mechanical symmetry plane xoy. If the guides 31 and 32 have their longer sides twice as long as those of guides Hand 11 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and'their shorter sides half as long as the latter ones, the currents in the neighbourhood of the coupling apertures are the same for both devices, if they receive the same electromagnetic energy. If all other dimensions are the same, the two considered devices have the same electrical characteristics.
  • the coupling between guides 10 and 11 is made nonreciprocal by providing the cavity with a cylindrical rod of ferromagnetic material such as ferrite, directed along o'z; the ends of which rest on the inner square faces of the cavity and the diameter of which is small with respect to the side of said square faces.
  • a magnet such as those represented in 51 and 52 (Fig. 7) creates a constant magnetic field in that rod.
  • the wave frequencies should, of
  • a Transition members of the second type 45 and 46 transformthe TE waves issuing from the filters 48 and 49 into TE waves in the rectangular guide, which propagate towards the receivers 53 and 54.
  • the filters 48 and 49 allow the passing of waves of relatively near frequencies which are ⁇ transmitted from the circular guide 40 to the receivers 53 and 54.
  • the magnets 51 and 52 induce constant magnetic fields in cylindrical ferrite rods arranged along the axis of the cavities perpendicular to their square faces, thus making the filters 48 and 49 non-reciprocal.
  • a TE wave emitted at the end 58 of the rectangular guide and having a frequency comprised in the pass-band of the receivers 53 and 54 would be directed towards the ends 56 and 57 of the wave guides, where suitable terminal irnpedances are provided. Owing to the fact that the filters are non-reciprocal, the cavities. of
  • filters 48 and 49 appear as distinctly out of tune for the waves issuing from 58, which continue propagating to wards the circular, guide 49. It is therefore possible. to connect a transmitter 55 to the section 44 of the rectangular guide.
  • the transition member 47 transforms the TE waves issued from 55. into TE' waves.
  • the filter 50 directs these waves towards 44, then towards the circular guide 40. Owing to the fact that the filters 48 and 49 are non-reciprocal, the frequencies of the waves from 55 may be chosen in the frequency band of the waves received through 53 and 54, without disturbing the receivers.
  • An ultra-short wave four-port directional coupler band derivation filter comprising first and second rectangular cross-section wave guide lengths having paral lel axes, a common median planeto their cross-sections passing through said axes and the longer and shorter sides of each one of said cross-sections respectively parallel to the longer and shorter sides of the otherof said cross-sections, a par-allelepipedic resonant cavity of square cross-section and having two opposite lateral walls perpendicular to said square cross-section respectively consisting of one and the other of the walls of said guides facing each other, said resonant cavity having a length perpendicular to said square cross-section much shorter than the side thereof, and an even number of coupling apertures arranged in each one of said lateral Walls symmetrically with respect to the center thereof, wherein the dimensions of said square cross-section are such that said cavity is capable of oscillating at a predetermined frequency in the derived band of said filter according to two distinct TE and TE modes, for which the values of integer numbers
  • a directional coupler filter as claimed in claim 1, 3.
  • said guides have equal cross-sections and wherein said walls facing each other are those containing one longer side of the cross-sections of said guides.
  • An ultra-short wave four-port directional coupler band-derivation filter comprising first and second rectangular cross-section wave guide lengths having parallelaxes, a common median plane to their cross-sections passing through said axes and the longer and shorter parallel to the longer and shorter sides of the other ofsaidcross-sections, a plurality of parallelepipedic resonant cavities of square cross-sections, each.
  • said resonant cavities having two lateral walls perpendicular to its said square cross-section respectively consisting of one and the other of the walls of said guides facing each other, said resonant cavities having a length perpendicular to their square cross-section much shorter than the side thereof, and an even number of coupling apertures arranged in each one of said lateralwalls symmetrically with respect to the center thereof, wherein the dimensions of the cross-section of each one of said cavities are such that said cavity is capable of oscillating at a predetermined frequency in the derived band of said filter according .to two distinct TEg, and TE modes, for which the values of the integer numbers p and q are respectively even and odd, and wherein the distance between the centers of two successive of said cavities is substantially equal to an odd number of quarter phase wavelengths in said guides at the mean irequ'ency of the said derived band of said filter, said four ports being constituted by openings at both ends of both said guide lengths.
  • a directional coupler filter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inside or" at least one of said cavities is provided with at least one ferromagnetic material rod having its axis perpendicular to its square cross-section, said filter further including magnetizing means for impressing a constant magnetic field upon said rod in a direction substantially parallel to its axis.
  • a 'multidirectional branching filter for ultra-short waves comprising a length of circular cross-section wave guide, a first transition member connecting said circular guide to a main rectangular cross-section wave guide, a plurality of auxiliary rectangular cross-section wave guides having their axes parallel tothe axis of said main guide, resonant cavities of parallelepipedic shape and square cross-sections each having two opposite lateralwalls perpendicular to its square cross-section respectively cosisting of one wall. of said main guide and of. one wall.

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US690514A 1956-11-19 1957-10-16 Ultra-short wave directional coupler filter Expired - Lifetime US2934720A (en)

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FR1213073X 1956-11-19

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US (1) US2934720A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE561886A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH354867A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1213073B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1160863A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB818665A (en, 2012)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3108742A1 (de) * 1981-03-07 1982-09-23 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Selektiver richtkoppler
US9385406B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2016-07-05 Apollo Microwaves, Ltd. Non-reciprocal gyromagnetic phase shift devices using multiple ferrite-containing slabs

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2626990A (en) * 1948-05-04 1953-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave frequency range transducer
FR1079880A (fr) * 1953-03-23 1954-12-03 Coupleurs directionnels résonnants
US2748350A (en) * 1951-09-05 1956-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra-high frequency selective mode directional coupler
US2823356A (en) * 1952-12-11 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Frequency selective high frequency power dividing networks

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2626990A (en) * 1948-05-04 1953-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave frequency range transducer
US2748350A (en) * 1951-09-05 1956-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra-high frequency selective mode directional coupler
US2823356A (en) * 1952-12-11 1958-02-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Frequency selective high frequency power dividing networks
FR1079880A (fr) * 1953-03-23 1954-12-03 Coupleurs directionnels résonnants
FR64770E (fr) * 1953-03-23 1955-12-02 Coupleurs directionnels résonnants

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3108742A1 (de) * 1981-03-07 1982-09-23 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Selektiver richtkoppler
US9385406B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2016-07-05 Apollo Microwaves, Ltd. Non-reciprocal gyromagnetic phase shift devices using multiple ferrite-containing slabs

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Publication number Publication date
GB818665A (en) 1959-08-19
BE561886A (en, 2012)
FR1160863A (fr) 1958-08-12
CH354867A (fr) 1961-06-15
DE1213073B (de) 1966-03-24

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