US2924371A

US2924371A - Carton

Info

Publication number: US2924371A
Application number: US614430A
Authority: US
Inventors: William P Frankenstein
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1951-06-18
Filing date: 1956-10-08
Publication date: 1960-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 1977-02-09

Description

Feb. 9, 1960 w. P. FRANKENSTEIN CARTON 5 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed June 18, 1951 'F'ebl'QQ 1960 w. P. FRANKENSTEIN l 2,924,371

CARTON l Original Filed June 18. 1951 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (52 Lad z1\6o r l 1 E l u n IN V EN TOR.

w. P. FRANKENSTEIN 2,924,3*7

CARTON 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed June 18, 1951 INVEN TOR.

WILL/m R FRnNxE/vsTE//v Ww, /tborpey CARTON William P. Frankenstein, Roselawn, Ohio Original application'Jime 18, 19.51, Serial No. 232,145.

Divided'and this application October 8, 1956, Serial No. 614,430

6 Claims. (Cl. 229-31) y This'applic'ation is a'division of the application of William P. Frankenstein for Carton and Method of Producing the Same, tiled June 18, 1951, Serial Number 232,145.

This invention relates toimprovements in cartons and boxes, particularly to improvements in knocked-down cartons or boxes, thatis, cartons or boxes in such condition that they can be readily set up by the user without the 'use of permanent fastening devices or adhesive.

are' resting on or retained in position by a platform within the carton.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a carton constructed in accordance with and for performing the functions of the above objects but wherein the article may be observed from several sides, in other words, wherein the article, withthe cover of the carton closed, can be fully observed, while resting on or being retained in position by the carton platform, from the top and one or both sides.

A still further and specific object of the present invention is the provision of a carton for accomplishing the foregoing objects which has unusual rigidity and strength to serve as a shipping carton without affecting its construction and usefulness as a display container.

A still further object of the'present invention is the provision of a carton for accomplishing the foregoing objects which is formed of a' single blank or card or jpaper board material, or other foldable material, that is economical to produce and acquire for thereby making the improved carton or box of the present invention available for articles or goods that would ordinarily not sup- 4'port the cost of attractive display and shipping cartons.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention should be readily apparent by reference to the following specification considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof and it is to be understood that any modifications may be made in the exact structural details there shown and described, with- `in the scope ofthe appended claims, without departing from 'or exceeding the spirit ofthe invention.

In the drawings: l Fig. l is an extended plan view of a blank from which `a carton embodying the principles of the present invention may be erected.

\ Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view through the blank of Fig. l after same has been folded to its knocked-down lposition for shipment to the ultimate user.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a partially erected `or set up carton `from the knocked-down blank of Fig. 2.

' Unite States arent 2,924,371` Patented Feb. .9, 179:60

ICC

. Fig.' 4 is' a longitudinal, substantially central, sectional view of a completely erected carton such as illustratd in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view throughv the erected carton of Fig. 3 as seen, for example, from line 5-5 on Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view similar lto Fig. 5 taken through a plane to one side of that of Fig. 5 as seen, for example, from line 6 6 on Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view'of a portionf a blank showing modifications therein over that illustrated in Fig. 1.

`Fig. 8 is a perspective sectional view of a partially erected carton from the blank fragment of Fig. 7.

Fig, 9 is a plan view of a fragment of a blank similar to Fig. 7 showing additional modifications in the blank.

Fig. l0 is a perspective view of a partially erected portion of a carton from the blank fragment of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of a fragment of a blankV similar to Fig. 7 showing a further modification in the blank.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of a carton erected from the blank fragment of Fig. 1l.

Throughout the several views of the drawings similar reference characters are employed to denote the same or similar parts.

There is illustrated in the drawings several modifications of the underlying principles of the present invention and which modifications will be described in succession by having pointed out the distinctions or vmodifications in succeeding blanks over the preceding blank. The resulting carton or box `from each of the several modifications has substantially the same exterior Aappearance except lthat the object or material within the carton and resting on or being held in position by the platform thereof is viewable from either the top, the top and front, or the top and rear of thebox or carton. Each modification is, however, of a box or carton 'that A 'in and of itself is formed from a single blank.

Specically, and referring first to Figs. l through 6, inclusive, there is illustrated a blank 26 cut and scored by suitable dies to provide a rectangular panel 27 bounded by score or

fold lines

28, 29, 30 and 31, and which panel 27 forms the bottom for theerected carton. The score or

fold lines

28 and 30 constitutes, what may be termed, the ends of the panel 27 and respectively, integrally, hingedly connect with the panel 27 similar extensions'` 32 and 33 which in the erected carton form the end walls thereof.

The

end walls extensions

32 and 33 are substantially duplicates of one another and it is ldeemed sufficient if but one of them be described in detail. Accordingly, extension 32 is providedwith a pair of fold 'or

score lines

34 and 35 thereby providing

panels

36, 37 and 138. In the erected carton the panel 36 'forms the end wall outer wall member and hasits ends defined by score or fold lines 39 and 40 which respectively, integrally, hingedly connect With the end wall outer wall member, or panel, 36 bellows corner pieces41 and 42. lnthe erected carton the panel 37 forms the end-wall top wall member, while 4the panel 38 forms the end wall inner wall member. The panel 38 has its ends'denedby score or fold llines 43 and44 which respectively, integrally, hingedly connect Vwith 4the panel 38

spacer ilaps

45 and 46. The panel 38 is of an effective height less than the panel 36 and is provided at its free end with a projection or lip 47 for locking the end Wall in erected position as will be subsequently described. p

The score Vor fold lines 29 and 31 may be designated `the sides of the bottom 'panel 27 'and as indicating 'the sides of the subsequently formed box orcarton withsaid score or fold lines respectively, integrally, `hingedly 'connectingwith Ythe bottom panel 27 7extensions 48 and :49.

The extension 48 is provided with longitudinal score or

fold lines

50 and 51 thereby providing in said

extension panels

52, 53 and 54. In the erected carton the panel y 52 forms a side-wall, preferably, fromva nomenclature point of view, the back wall, having the ends defined by score or fold lines 55 and 56 which are, respectively, in

-. alignment with the carton end fold or

scores

28 and 30.

The score or fold lines 55 and 56, respectively, hingedly, integrally, connect with the panel 52a flap 41, which in practice, as noted above, are generally designated as bel- A lows corner pieces.

to be folded on itself, bellowswise, and to enable the Each bellows corner piece is adapted same to so fold, each is provided with a diagonal score .0r fold line 57. The panel 53, -in the erected carton, forms the lid, cover, or top, while the panel 54, connected with the top panel 53 through the score or fold line 51,

forms a flange for the lid or top at the front edge thereof and is adapted to be disposed exteriorly of the erected y carton as will subsequently be made clear.

As seen in Fig. 1 the carton top or panel 53 is provided, within its side edges, with an opening 58 which may take any suitable and desirable configuration, and

is not limited to that specifically illustrated, and which opening extends into the cover flange 54 whereby, as will be subsequently made clear, the article or goods within the container may be viewed from the front of the container as well as from the top thereof. In the erected carton the cover ange 54 is disposed exteriorly of the box or carton and is locked in this position, for which purpose the said cover ange 54 has integrally, hingedly connected therewith, through the score or fold line 59,

I a locking tab 60.

The extension 49 includes the carton other side wall f or panel 61, which from a nomenclature point of View may be called the front wall, having its ends dened by score or

fold lines

62 and 63 which integrally, hingedly connect with the said panel 61 the adjacent edges of ybellows corner pieces 42 with said corner pieces each being provided with the diagonal score or fold line 64.

v Inwardly of the ends of the panel or carton front wall 61 it is provided with

cut lines

65 and 66 which dene the ends of a panel 67 which in the erected carton or box forms the platform. The platform panel 67 is therefore of less length than the carton bottom panel 27 and cover panel 53. The platform panel 67 is shorter than the .v panel 27 by the combined widths of end wall spacer panels 37 so that said platform, 67, extends between the end Walls inner wall members. The platform panel 67 has its one end defined by a score or fold line 68, which joins the ends of the cut lines 65 and 66, with said score or fold line 68 spaced from the score or fold line 31 the 'desired` distance for raising the platform panel above the 'f carton bottom panel 27. By this construction there is provided a panel strip between the score lines 31 and 68 which, together with the ends of the panel 61, respectively connects therewith a glue ap 70. The glue ap 70 is of a length substantially equal to the length of the box or carton and has projecting from its free side or edge, for a short distance inwardly of its ends, spacer flaps 71 and 72 respectively, integrally, hingedly connected with the glue flap through score or fold

lines

73 and 74.

The carton front wall or blank panel 61 has the free ends of its U-shaped arms defined by score or fold lines `75 and 76 which respectively, integrally, hingedly connect with the panel 61

spacer tabs

77 and 78.

After the blank has been cut and scored as illustrated in Fig. 1 a sheet of transparent cellulose 79 is secured in position to cover the opening 58 in the carton top panel 53 and top panel flap 54. The extension 49 is then folded on the score or fold line 31 for superimposing the parts of the blank below the said score or fold line, as seen in Fig. l, onto the parts thereabove and aligning the free end of the glue flap 70 with the score or fold line 50 between the carton back or blank panel 52 and the cover panel 53 and which score line 50 is coincident with the edge 0f the opening 58 in the said cover panel 53, thereby bringing the adhesive 79', on the glue ap 70, into engagement with the panel or carton back 52, actually into contact with the cellulose 79 which was previously secured to said carton back 52. This folding of the extension 49 superimposes or aligns the score lines 73 and 74 with the said score or fold line 50. The extension 48 is folded on the score or fold line 50 to superimpose the parts of the blank thereabove on the superimposed portions of the blank therebelow. The blank is now in its carton knocked-down position as illustrated in Fig. 2 for shipment to the user.

The user .in desiring to-set up the knocked-down blank `of Fig. 2 applies pressure to the right and left-hand ends thereof, thereby swinging the carton back and front walls to be normal to the carton bottom or panel 27 and at the same time disposing the bottom panel, platform panel rand cover panels in spaced parallel relation. The user now sets up the end walls of the carton by rst extending the spacer tabs 71--77 or 72-78 toward one another as illustrated for the spacer tab 77 in Fig. 3. The end wall extension is then raised which automatically bellowsfolds the bellows corner pieces and disposes the end wall outer wall member normal 'to the carton bottom. The end wall gouter wall member spacer flaps 45 and 46 are then folded l to be normal to said end wall outerwall member whereupon the end wall extension is folded to dispose the spacer panel 37 on the spacer side wall lugs and the inner wall member is folded to depend vertically from the said spacer wall member until the tongue 47 is snapped behind the adjacent edge of the platform panel 67. The carton or box is now in the erected position illustrated in Fig. 3 with the front wall substantially cutaway and which front wall is completed upon the closing of the carton top panel or cover 53 with the cover ilange 54 locked in position byv inserting its locking lug 60 into the slit 80 formed substantially centrally of the carton by the cut 81 formed in the carton front wall panel 61.

It will now be appreciated that the box or carton of Fig. 3 is provided with end walls of appreciable width or thickness with said end walls having its inner and outer wall members amply braced in spaced apart relation, It will further be noted that any goods or article on the platform is readily observable from the top and front through the transparent window 79 and opening 58 in said carton top or cover panel 53 and its flange 54.

In the modifications illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 and in Figs. 9 and l0 the changes consist in merely shifting the spacing-and reinforcing tabs for the spaced apart end Walls.

In Fig, 7 the spacing tabs 71 `and '72 are `eliminated vfrom the glue flap 70 and the spacing tab 45 is eliminated from one end of blank panel 38; the end Wall inner wall member of the erected carton. ln the place of these spacing tabs use is made of a single spacing tab 82 connected with the blank panel, erected carton end wall spacer'member, 37 through Ia score or fold line 83. As illustrated in Fig. 8 this spacer tab 82 limits the movement of the end wall spacer member 37 by engagement with the end wall outer Wall member, actually by engagement with the bellows corner piece 41 when in its folded position. The folding of the end w-all inner wall member lis likewise limited by engagement of its remaining spacer tab 46 when in its outwardly extending position and disposed below the end wall spacer panelor top Wall member 37.

The modification in Figs, 9 and 10 includes the addition of a spacer tab S4 integrally, hingedly connected with the spacer tab 82 through a score or fold line 85. This vadditiona1- Spacer tabfl is additionally employed lforholding the end wall inner wall member` against displacement toward its outer wall member as is obvious from Fig. 10.

AThe modification in Figs. 11 and 12 establishes ya "bridging piece between the carton box front and back Walls around which the end walls outer wall member,

`spacer member or top wall member, and inner wall member are folded with the tucking and

spacer aps

45 and 46` of the inner wall member interlocked therewith. In

`order to eifect this construction the blank of Fig. 1l in- `cludes a glue ap 86 in addition to the glue flap 70 with saidglue aps integrally, hingedly connected to one another by a score or fold line 87. The portion of the glue flap 86 extending beyond the ends of the platform panel 647 has integrally, hingedly connected therewith the panel or bridge 8S through a score or fold line 89. The other end of the panel 88 is connected with the box or carton Afront'. wall, blank panel 61 through the score or fold line 76, wherefore the said panel 88 takes the place of the spacer flap 78.

v The blank of Fig. 1l is folded on the score or fold lines 87--89 to bring one face of the glue ap 86 into engagement with the adhesive 79 on the glue flap 70 whereupon adhesive 90 isapplied to the now exposed face o-f the ,glue flap 86and the blank then folded as above set forth on the score or fold line 31.

The erection of the knocked-down blank brings the parts to the position illustrated in Fig. l2 with the panel `88 acting as a tie or bridge between the upper ends of the carton or box fron-t and b-ack members for a distance inwardly of the-ends thereof whereupon the end Wall extension 32 and33 are actuated for enclosing said bridging `piece and causing the spacer lugs 45 and 46, at the ends ofthe end wallinner wall members, to interlock beneath the said bridging pieces or panels 88 as readily underton having all the aforesaid desirable elements, and

wherein the said goods may be viewed from the top and/or from the top and front Without opening said cover. `It will further be noted that the box or carton is formed from a relatively simple blank yet having the parts thereof duly reinforced to withstand the stresses and stra-ins to which it will be subjected in use.

What is claimed is:

1. A knocked-down carton of the class described formed `from a single blank comprising a bottom panel,

a first extension integrally, hingedly, connected to one side of the bottom panel, a second eXtens-ion integrally,

`hingedly, connected to the other side of the bottom panel,

the first extension being subdivided to include -an integrally, hingedly, connected back wall panel, an integrally, hingedly, connected cover panel, and an integnally, hingedly, connected flange panel to depend from the cover panel, the second extension being subdivided to include an integrally, hingedly, connected U-shaped front panel comprising a relatively narrow front p-anel with arms `at the end-s thereof, a platform panel integrally, hingedly,

connected to the front panel and of a length equal to the distance between the front panel arms so that upon `erection o-f the canton the platform ends are inwardly spaced from the end walls a distance equal to the width of the front panel arms, and a glue flap integrally, hinged- -ly, connected to the platform panel adhesive securing said glue flap to the back panel, said front wall panel, back Wall panel, platform panel and bottom panel being folded flat on one another and adapted to be raised to operative positions with said front and back walls fp arallel with one another and said bottom and platform `similarly parallel with one another and with the platform panel above the base'panel al distance equal to the spacing of the front end of the platform panel above the base panel by the front wall front panel, extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels to provide upon erection of the knocked-down carton end Walls having outer wall members, top wall members and inner wall members, with said each top wall member of a width equal to the width of the front wall arm to its end of said front Wall and with each eX- tension inner wall member having a width to depend, upon eerction of the carton, from its top Wall member a distance at least equal to the spacing of the platform below the upper ends of the front and back walls, and said extensions from remaining ends of the bottompanel each including a locking lip at the cuter end of its end wall inner Wall member adapted upon erection of the knocked-down carton for interlocking engagement with the adjacent ends of the platform.

2. A knocked-down carton of the clas-s described formed from a single blank comprising a bottom panel, a first extension integrally, hingedly, connected to one side of the bottom panel, a second extension integrally, hingedly, connected to the other side of the bottom panel, the first extension being subdivided to include an integrally, hingedly, connected back wall panel, an integrally, hingedly, connected cover panel, and an interally, hingedly, connected flange panel to depend from the cover panel, the second extension being subdivided to include an integrally, hingedly, connected U-shaped front panel comprising a relatively narrow front panel with arms at the ends thereof, a platform panel integrally, hingedly, connected to the front panel and of a length equal to the distance between the front panel arms so that upon erection of the carton the platform ends are inwardly spaced from the end walls a distance equal to the width of the front panel arms, and a glue flap integrally, hingedly, connected to the platform panel, adhesive securing said glue -ap to the back panel, said front wall panel, back wall panel, platform panel and bottom panel being folded at on one another and adapted to be raised to operative positions with said front and back walls parallel with one another and -said bottom and platform similarly parallel with one another and with the platform panel above the base panel a distance equal to the spacing of the front end of the platform panel above the base panel by the front wall front panel, extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels to provide upon erection of the knocked-down carton end Walls having outer wall members, top wall members and inner wall members, with said each top wall mem-ber of a width equal to the width of the front wall arm to its end of said front wall and with each extension inner wall mem-ber having a width to depend, upon erection of the carton, from its top wall member a distance at least equal to the spacing of the platform below the upper ends of the front and back walls, and said extensions from remaining ends .of the bottom panel each including a locking lip at the outer end of its end wall inner wall member adapted upon erection of the knocked-down carton for interlocking engagement with the adjacent ends of the platform, said cover panel and front ange having an opening therethrough with said opening extending into said front flange a distance not exceeding, upon erect-ion of the knock-down carton, the spacing of the platform below the upper edge of the front w-all so that the interio-r of the carton may be viewed through the top and front wall thereof.

3. A knocked-down carton of the class described formed from a :single blank comprising a bottom panel, a first extension integrally, hingedly, connected to one side of the bottom panel, a second extension integrally, hingedly, connected to the other side of the bottom panel, the first extension being subdivided to include an integrally, hingedly, connected back wallpanel, `an integrally, hingedly, connected cover panel, andan integrally, hinged--` 1y, connected flange panel to depend from the cover panel, the second extension being subdivided to include an integral1y,`hingedly, connected U-shaped front panel comprising a relatively narrow front panel with arms at the ends thereof, a platform panel integrally, hingedly, connected to the front panel and of a length equal to the distance between the front panel arms so that upon erection of the carton the platform ends are inwardly spaced from the end walls a distance equal to the width of the front panel arms, and a glue flap integrally, hingedly, connected to the platform panel, adhesive securing said glue ilap to the back panel, said front wall panel, back wall panel, platform panel and bottom panel being folded Hat on one another and adapted to be raised to operative positions with said front and back walls parallel with one another and said bottom and platform similarly parallel with one another and with the platform panel above the base panel a distance equal to the spacing of the front end of the platform panel above the base panel by the front wall front panel, extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels to provide upon erection of the knocked-down carton end walls having outer wall members, top wall members and inner wall members, with said each top wall member of a width equal to the width of the front wall arm to its end of said front wall and with each extension inner wall member having a width to depend, uponl erection of the carton, from its top Wall member a distance at least equal to the spacing of the platform below the upper ends of the front and back walls, and said extensions from remaining ends of the bottom panel each including a locking lip at the outer end of its end wall inner wall member adapted upon erection of the knockeddown carton for interlocking engagement with the adjacent ends of the platform, corner pieces between adjacent edges of the front and back walls panels and end wall outer wall members panels adapted upon erection of the knocked-down carton to be foldable on themselves, bellowswise, -and disposed transversely of the carton between the end wall inner and outer wall members, and spacing aps carried by one of the inner wall members and a top Wall member of each end wall adapted upon erection of the knocked-down carton for spacing said w-all members from one another a distance substantially equal to the yspacing thereof by the top wall member.

4. A knocked-down carton of the class described formed from a single blank comprising a bottom panel, a rst extension integrally, hingedly, connected to one side of the bottom panel, a second extension integrally, hingedly, connected to the other side of the bottom panel, the first extension being subdivided to linclude an integrally, hingedly, connected back wall panel, an integrally, hingedly, connected cover panel, and an integrally, hingedly, connected flange panel to depend from the cover panel, the second extension being subdivided lto include an integrally, hingedly, connected U-shaped front panel comprising a relatively narrow front panel with arms at the ends thereof, ia platform panel integrally, hingedly, connected to the front panel and of a length equal to the distance between the front panel arms so that upon erection of the carton the platform ends are inwardly spaced from the end walls a distance equal to the width of the front panel arms, and a glue flap integrally, hingedly, connected to the platform panel, adhesive securing said glue ap to the back panel, said front wall panel, back wall panel, platform panel and bottom panel being folded at on one another and adapted to be raised to operative positions with said front and back walls parallel with one another and said bottom and platform similarly parallel with one another and with the platform panel above the base panel a distance equal to the spacing of the front end of the platform panel above the base panel by the front wall front panel, extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels to provide upon erection 'of the knocked-down carton 8 end walls having outer wall members, top wall members and inner wall members, with said each top wall member of a width equal to the widthof the frontwall arm toits end of said front wall and Iwith eachextension inner wall member having a width to depend, upon erection of the carton, from its top wall member a distance at Y least equal to the spacing of the platform below the upper ends ofthe front and back walls, and said extensions from remaining ends of the bottom panel each including a locking lip at the outer end of its end wall inner wall member adapted upon erection of the knocked-down ca rton for interlocking engagement with the adjacent ends of the platform, corner pieces between adjacent edges of the front and back walls panels and end wall outer wall members panels adapted upon erection of the knocked-down carton to be foldable on themselves, bellowswise, and disposed transversely of the carton between the end wall inner and outer wall members, and spacing flaps carried by one of the inner wall adapted upon the erection of the knocked-down carton members and a top wall member of each end wall for spacing said wall members from one another a distance substantially equal to the spacing thereof by the top wall member, said cover panel and front flange having an opening therethrough with said opening extending into said front flange a distance not exceeding, upon erection of the knocked-down carton, the spacing of the platform below the upper edge of the front wall so that the interior of the carton may be viewed through the top and front wall thereof.

5. A carton including a bottom, a cover, front and back walls upstanding from said bottom and a platform hingedly connected with said front and back walls intermediate the upper and lower ends thereof formed from a single blank and wherein the front wall is substantially U-shaped in plan including a narrow longitudinal Vpanel with upstanding arms at the ends of the longitudinal panel, said platform having its hinge connection with the front wall at the upper edge of said front wall panel, a glue ap and a spacer flap at the other side of thelplatform for hingedly securing the rear edges of the platform to the back wall, said glue flap having its one edge coinciden-t with the upper end of the back wall, a bridging piece hingedly connected with the upper end of each of the front wall arms and the ends of the glue flap coincident with the upper end of the back wall for bridging the space between said front and back walls upon erection of the carton, and extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels t0 form an end wall outer wall member, an end wall top wall member, and an end wall inner wall member enfoldable about an adjacent bridging piece.

6. A carton including a bottom, a cover, front and back walls upstanding from said bottom and a platform hingedly connected with said front -and back walls intermediate the upper and lower ends thereof formed from a single blank and wherein the front wall is substantially U-shaped in plan including a narrow longitudinal panel with upstanding arms at the ends, of the longitudinal panel, said platform having its hinge connection with the front wall at the upper edge of said front wall panel, a glue flap and a spacer ilap at the other side of the platform for hingedly securing the rear edge of the platform to the lback wall, said glue ap having its one edge co11- cident with the upper end of the back wall, a bridging piece hingedly connected with the upper end of each of the front wall arms and the ends of the glue flap coincident with the upper end of the back Wall for bridging the space between said front and back walls upon erection of the carton, extensions from the remaining ends of the bottom panel each subdivided into panels to form an end wall outer Wall member, an end wall top Wall member, and an end Wall inner wall member enfoldable about an adjacent bridging piece, and corner pieces between adjacent ends of the front and back walls and end walls outer wall members foldable, vbellowswiseon 9 10 themselves between the end walls inner and outer wall 2,375,843 Gottlieb May 15, 1945 members. Y 2,399,649 Marx May 7, 1946 2,675,166 Main Apr. 13, 1954 References Cited 1n the le of this patent 2,678,766 Levkoff May 18, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 FOREIGN PATENTS 2,303,264 Flick N0v 24' 1942 173,331 Great Britain Dec. 30, 1921