US2924081A - Rotating air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1960 Filed June 30, 1955 Fig.l

D. s. JUSTICE ROTATING AIR CONDITIONER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 9, 1960 D. s. JUSTICE 2,924,081

ROTATING AIR CONDITIONER Filed June 30, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 9, 1960 D. s. JUSTICE 2,924,081

ROTATING AIR CONDITIONER Filed June 50, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig. 4 26 COLD AIR COLD AIR 23 United States Patent ROTATING AIR CONDITIONER Donald S. Justice, Washington, D.C., assignor, by mesne assignments, to The JusticeCompany, a corporation of the District of Columbia Application June 30, 1955, Serial No. 519,201

12 Claims. (Cl. 62-419) This invention relates to improvements in rotating refrigerating devices and includes a particular adaptation of such devices as an air conditioner.

. This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 234,702, filed July 2, 1951, now Patent 2,724,953.

There is also co-pending as a continuation-in-part of this prior application my application Serial No. 504,640, filed April 28, 1955, now abandoned. In the parent or prior application Serial No. 234,702, concentric tubular rings were described as a Rotating Refrigerating Device for reaching temperatures below normal atmospheric temperatures. The apparatus there claimed included a three ring centrifugally operated device, and also included a two ring structure. In this application the word ring and the word container are used with the same functional meaning. It is a purpose here to make clear that prior description, and describe improvements and one embodiment so as to more completely disclose this invention.

It is therefore, an object of this invention to provide a rotating refrigerating device without internal mechanical parts, which eliminates the need for repairs or replacements due to internal wear.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an additional factor to the method of condensation or vapors, as used in the process of refrigeration, which presents a new efficiency in liberating heat of vaporization.

It is an object of this invention to present a refrigeration device reduced to its basic elements wherein a wholly contained refrigeration cycle is presented in two containers and two interconnecting passageways subject to rotation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a rotatable device producing the cycle of refrigeration within itself, and which cycle is independent of objects of inertia not in rotation, and independent of the use of a hollow shaft. 1

It is a further object of this invention to provide a new and simplified air conditioner, in which these and/ or other means of producing refrigeration may be joined to rotate in series, and wherein there are provided separate cooling elements and heating elements so as to deliver heated air and cooled air apart from each other.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description of a specific embodiment shown for the purpose of illustration in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a rotating device embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary section, illustrating the connection of components shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an elevational view, illustrating a simplified modification of the invention.

Figure 3A is a view of a modification of the device of Figure 3.

Figure 4 is an elevational view of a specific embodiof the invention comprising an air conditioner.

Like numerals designate like parts throughout the four figures.

In the prior application, before mentioned, three concentric rings, or containers, were so arranged that the container adjacent the axis served as a reservoir for a refrigerant. The container most remote from the axis corresponded to the evaporator, as used in popular adaptations of the refrigeration cycle. The container between these two served as a compressor-condenser. Interconnecting conduits or passageways were provided in the device to make these functions operable without the use of valves or other moving parts. Internal power to flow liquid radially outward from the reservoir was furnished by centrifugal force when the entire structure was rotated by a motor or otherwise. The liquid flowed through a conduit into the compressor where it accumulated and pressurized the gas to liquify. The low pressure caused by the liquid leaving the reservoir was effective through another conduit to draw gas from the evaporator ring or container.

In that arrangement the compressor container filled with liquid and the device was no longer operative as a cycle. It was therefore necessary that the rotation cease in order that the liquid might flow back toward the axis for recovery, so the action could be repeated. A start and stop alternating procedure was necessitated.

This invention contemplates the avoidance of such an alternate cycle by-providing a means for a continuity of operation, ,and other improvements as well as clarifications. The interchangeability of containers, placing the cold zone adjacent the axis, is introduced.

Referring to Figure 1, the evaporator container is shown at reference numeral 9. The reservoir container, which also acts as a receiver, is in the form of a ring at reference numeral 7. Numeral 8 designates the compressor container, all three containers being concentrically disposed about vertical axis 6. Between the reservoir 7 and the compressor 8 there is installed any suitable liquid operated gas injector. For the purpose of illustration, this invention utilizes the syphon enclosure sphere shown at 3. It is here emphasized, however, that where such an apparatus is used as a centrifuging gas compressor and injector, a great advantage obtains over the ordinary stationary embodiment operating vertically, and depending on gravity for necessary forces. The pertinent differences in this relationship will be more apparent from the disclosures made hereinafter.

It will be seen that from reservoir 7 a discharge conduit 10 leads into the syphon enclosure sphere 3. Evaporator container 9 has an output conduit 1 extending radially inward to a discharge end 14 within the sphere 3. Conduit 10 defines a constantly open line having a free or open end 11, which defines a plane located in spaced relation to and below the centrifugally standing surface of liquid trapped in the envelope or sphere 3. A compressor intake conduit 12 has its receiving end 13 within the closed sphere 3, at a position radially remote from gas discharge end 14 of conduit 1. The free or open end 13 of conduit 12 is directed away from axis 6 to form a syphon arrangement.

Compressor intake conduit 12 should be of a dimension larger than supply conduit 10. Considering the embodiment of sphere 3, operated by centrifugal force, it has been found that the small amount of liquid flowing from conduit 10 will suflice to pass a relatively large volume of gas, alternately with the liquid, through conduit 12. Thus the flow through conduit 12 divides itself into alternating segments of liquid and gas. 1 Here is noted a difference in operating effect in conduit 12, with reference to a stationary embodiment depending on gravity where each segment of liquid flows evenly in a downward progress. In a centrifuging segment of liquid progressing radially outward in conduit 12, each outward point is a greater departure from the axis, and is marked with a corresponding increase in force. Therefore each liquid segment is accelerated, at any point, more than the segment following it. A resistancev at the end of conduit 12, such as constriction 20, or a liquid barrier, slows the flow of a liquid segment so that the segment following would-drive into it, but for the gas separating them. Each segment acts as a liquid piston driving the separating gas into a compressed state, and forcing it into compressing container 8. This iniector arrangement with a receiver-separator 29 is also shown as a modification in Figure 3A.

With further regard to the automatic action within sphere 3 it is noted that this enclosure may be in any form, and that the sphere shape is merely illustrative. The internal action may be considered from an initial priming by liquid at a surface level near 14. End 13 of conduit 12, and the U bend of conduit 12, are submerged and filled with liquid. Under centrifugal force the liquid flows freely outward through conduit 12 until the supply in sphere 3 is lowered to a surface plane even with or radially remote from end 13. Meanwhile conduit 10, which is smaller in size, is flowing a constant supply of liquid. The last liquid entering end 13 of conduit 12 pulls gas in after it. The gas so pulled is supplied by the only source available to sphere 3, which is conduit 1. The availability of gas flowing radially inward, against centrifugal force, is made possible by the weight of outflowing liquid and gas in conduit 12 overbalancing the weight of gas in conduit 1 The liquid surface again reaches end 13 from the constantsnpply of conduit 10. This cuts oif the gas supply being suckedintocouduit 12, and liquids enters until the surface drops to admit gas. This repetitious action continues so as to form the segments of liquid alternating with gas heretofore described.

In the overall consideration of flow within the whole device it will become apparent that the outward flow from conduit 10 is in balance with the inward flow, through the circuit, to return to conduit 10. Considering that the change of state, from liquid to gas and return to liquid, does not change. the molecular weight, it must be noted that energy, in the form of heat, is gained at a radially remote point from the axis and released in the outward flow adjacent the axis. The heat adds pressure by expansion to the inward flow.

In the prior application the middle ring (container 8) was described as a compressor and a condenser combined. The improvement now provides a conduit 5 ex tending radially inward from container 8. At point 16, near the axis, conduit 5 is turned into an outward spiral or helical winding, to end in receiver 7. This winding exposes a greatly increased cooling surface, and forms.

a condenser 17.

Tube 2 is a conduit of suitable dimension to introduce an amount of liquid vaporizable in container 9, and such amount is commensurate with the amount of liquid flow-- ing through conduit 10, just as vapor in container 9 is commensurate with the amount of vapor passing through:

head, a fan shape, a constricting orifice, or any such.

nozzle, as a means of increasing the evaporable surface of the liquid it introduces. Such flow restraint permits a maximum liquid compression before it enters the ori-v fice. It will be seen that thisis the most outward radiai. point, which provides the maximum centrifugal force in; thedevice. Thiscompression enhances the liquid expan- .4 sion efiectiveness in the evaporator container, and thus increases its heat absorbing potential. The nozzle thus constitutes an expansion valve. The expansion of the liquified refrigerant is a constant enthalpy process in which the temperature decreases as a function of the pressure drop and, as shown, the operation of sphere 3 is a continuous influence to low pressure in container 9.

It is apparent that more than one gas injector, as sphere 3, may be used. In the use of gas injectors in pairs they may be spaced along the circumference of the device, so as to be diagonally oppositeone from another, for the purpose of balance.

It is apparent further, that forming conduit 10 of the required size to pass the same amount of liquid as is passed through conduit 2, results in a continuing cycle of refrigeration. As stated, liquid vaporized at the end of conduit 2 in container 9 is drawn into the sphere 3. From the sphere it is compressed to enter container 8 where the accumulated pressure forces it through conduit 5 into condenser 17 The, condenser drains its condensate, ycentrifugal force, into receiver or reservoir 7 to become available for reuse.

A small amount of condensation may occur in container 8 Practically all condensation of gas occurs after it has passed point 16 and cooling effect is had.

It is within the contemplation of this invention to present a new factor to the process of condensation as commonly used in the refrigeration cycle. It is a well known fact that condensation is effected by pressurizing a refrigerant to its condensing pressure, and reducing its temperature to its condensing temperature. This is common practice in stationary refrigeration condensers used to cause a changeof state from gas to liquid and extract heat. No change is made in the molecular structure. Thus. when a molecule ofgas penetrates. the Surface tension of its liquid it is, enveloped and becomes a part of the liquid just the same as in a gathering process, The result is the same with regard to heat transfer. The change of state to liquid reverses the result had by vaporization, in that the heat of vaporization is liberated.

Measurement of the weight of a column of gas'is so well recognized as to be the determination of atmospheric pressure. A column of gas then, extending radial- 1y from the axis, is subject to centrifugal force. As with liquid, such a column of gas has its greatest pressure at its most distant radial point while under centrifugal force. When a rotated column of gas has its highest pressure point contiguous with a continuing column of the same refrigerant in a liquid state, only surface tension stands between them.

densers and ordinary rotating apparatus. When thesurface tension separating the'column is reduced, the penc-v tration of the 'liquid by gaseous molecules is invited.

Thus a means of'reducing the surface tension may be added to the refrigerant contained in the device, or a refrigerant with low surface tension characteristics is indicated for selection for use in the device. The value of a refrigerant havinga high molecular weight for use in this invention is self evident.

A physical column of gas, after cooling and still under condensing pressure, is provided by the conduit entty of condenser 17 into receiver, or. reservoir '7 as illustrated in Figure 2. Iu'themicrocosm of a section from coudenserf17 a formed droplet, influenced to traveloutward,

is constantly striking and being penetrated by innumerable columns of gas. The same condition-obtains on 'a-Wetted surface in the wake of'such a moving droplet. Within.

It is noted too, that the column of liquid has its point of lowest pressure con receiver 7 the centrifugally standing surface of liquid is confronted by the residue gas that has not condensed in condenser 17.

Conduit 4 is illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure 2 for the purpose of showing its optional use. Its function is not necessary to the operation of the device as described. When it is desirable to remove a greater quantity of gas from container 9, another gas moving unit, such as sphere 3, may be added. In such instance more liquid will be passed into container 8 than flows through conduit 2, and a corresponding accumulation of liquid in container 8 results. Such accumulation adds force to the pressure entering conduit 5 and serves usefully in this regard. The liquid remaining in container 8 would be trapped, however, but for conduit 4. As shown, conduit 4 extends from the bottom side of container 8 to the top side of container 7. After an operating period when motion of the device is stopped, the liquid in container 8 is free to flow into container 7 by gravity. Any pressure in container '8 exceeding the pressure in container 7 will speed this recovery. A valve may be secured in the line of conduit 4 to provide stoppage o-f flow during operation of the device. A U bend in conduit 4, with the bend extending beyond the radius of ring 8, as shown in Figure 2 of my Patent 2,724,953 may alternately be used to trap liquid to serve as a passage barrier to comprise the valve shown in this conduit.

A person skilled in the art will recognize that the hot and cold zones of the device are interchangeable. That is, the function of container 9 may be served by container 8, and the function of container -8 may be served by container 9 by changing the conduit connections accordingly. In this arrangement conduits 4, 5, and 12 connect with container 9 instead of container 8. Conduit 2 connects containers 7 and 8. Conduit 1 connects with container 8 instead of container The hot and cold zones of the device are separated by an insulating barrier 18 attached so as to rotate with the device. Such barrier is set perpendicular to the plane of the rings, and thus forms a traveling wall or vertical cylinder when the rings are horizontal. The insulating wall may be of any material or any thickness providing sufficient insulation and rigidity to meet the needs hereinafter indicated. The height of the cylinder is uniform with each device, in anticipation of use on a common shaft with other devices. In this anticipation it is well to shape the top edge of the insulating cylinder, so as to nest with a registering groove edge about the bottom of the next higher cylinder. These Walls of insulation, at a common radius, form a continuing cylinder when two or more devices are joined in a common shaft. Each cylinder may be bonded to either ring 8 or ring 9 of its device, or it may be bolted or otherwise suitably attached to the device supports, vanes, or blades 15. The latter attachment is preferred so as to give full circulation of air about the rings.

Operation In operation the device as shown in Figure 1 may be assumed to rotate counter clockwise. As speed is attained centrifugal force causes liquid to flow out of reservoir 7, away from the axis, through conduit 19. This liquid accumulates in sphere 3 until the ends 11 and '13 of conduits It and 12 are submerged. When the liquid overflows the bend in conduit 12 it will continue to flow outward by an increased amount of force. The added force and the greater dimension of conduit '12 will cause the centrifugally standing surface to recede quickly. Conduit '12 is now acting as a syphon, and when the liquid surface falls away from end 13, gas is sucked in to follow the liquid. Meanwhile conduit is constantly flowing liquid which again closes end 13. The gas sucked into conduit 12 is supplied primarily by the open end 14 of conduit 1. Low pressure is then effective in conduit 1 so as to draw gas from container 9 for replacement. As long as liquid is supplied by conduit 10 the action is repetitious in sphere 3, so that low pressure is maintained in ring or container 9.

The output of conduit 12, both liquid and gas, spreads about ring 8. The liquid stands centrifugally against the outer wall and flows through conduit 2. Still greater centrifugal force in conduit 2 compresses the liquid, because of the increased radius and because of the restrictive nozzle or spray end of conduit 2. The compressed liquid is suddenly released to expand in the low pressure of ring 9. Such expansion absorbs heat and thus ring 9 becomes cold. The expansion amounts to molecular escape or evaporation wherein the liquid changes its state to gas. This gas is the supply drawn oflf by conduit 1 as aforesaid.

The constant flow of gas into ring 8 causes the pressure in ring 8 to rise. Through tube 5 the gas is forced outward by this pressure, further assisted by centrifugal force, through spiral condenser 17. Air flowing over the outer surface of condenser 17 carries away heat conducted through the tubular Walls. Thus the gas in 17 is cooled to its condensing temperature and condensation occurs by the three concurrent factors as heretofore disclosed. Con-,

densate flows into ring 7 by centrifugal force, and remaining gas may condense in the receiving ring 7, which provides liquid ready to circulate over and over, repeating the cycle of refrigeration.

Structural simplification The foregoing description of function in a centrifugally operated three container refrigerative device, indicates the function in a two container rotating device of the same invention, wherein:

Referring to Figure 3, containers 8 and h represent the corresponding condenser and evaporator function of the refrigeration cycle. described. A second conduit 1 from the side of ring 9 radially inward through the side of ring 8, and terminating well Within ring 8, completes the simplified structure. Supporting means, vanes, or blades 15 are added as formerly described. 1

It is within the contemplation of this invention to utilize up to the maximum pressure under'which a refrigerant will vaporize. Also contemplated is the utilization down to the minimum pressure under which the same refrigerant will condense when cooled. It is then indicated that the refrigerant used will have a small range between its evaporating pressure and condensing pressure. The previously mentioned value of high molecular weight is also considered in the selection of a refrigerant.

From the vaporizing nozzle or spray end on conduit 2, within ring 9, the inner peripheral wall of ring 9 may be arranged to have a gradual increase in distance from the axis. This is done by gradual reduction in the wall thickness, as shown at 2.1 in Figure 3, or by a slight deviation in the ring bend. In either method provision is made to retain rotating balance in the device.

One purpose of the arrangement is to give widespread surface to any liquid escaping the nozzle without immediate vaporization. The bend is rnade to begin at a point adjacent the joining of conduit 2 and is made favorable to the direction of rotation-anticipated. Flow influence is away from the nozzle, further reducing pres-v device, and independent of utilizing the inertia of stationary parts, altogether accomplishing a simplification over present devices.

Conduit 1 in the two container apparatus is of much greater dimension than conduit 2 for the purpose of con-v ducting vapor inwardly to the axis side of container 8..

Once vapor has reachedthe internal side of ring 8 it is biasedtoward the other, side ofring, 8 by centrifugal Conduit 2 is connected as formerly force. about the internal circumferences of the ring. The fanning effect about the exterior of the ring carries away heat from the surface of the ring. It is well to note here that no internal means is utilized to take heat from this ring. The heat is conducted through the ring wall, and the gas is cooled to its condensing temperature. As more gas is added the condensing pressure is reached. The factor of centrifugal force acts on the gas to increase its pressure against the liquid surface in the ring. Thus condensation occurs and the heat of vaporization is liberated in a continuous process. Ring 8 receives the initial charge of liquid refrigerant in an amount sufficient to maintain a surface around the ring internally.

The weight of liquid flowing outward in conduit 2 is balanced by the weight of gas returned through conduit 1. As condensation occurs in ring 8 a corresponding lowered pressure results. As vaporization occurs in ring 9 a corresponding increase in pressure results. By these influences, and the fact that the heated gas volume is greater than the volume of gas as it is being cooled in ring 8, the flow of gas is axially inward in conduit 1.

Heat conducting fins or vanes on the rings, or vanes or blades about them on structure supports, and insulation between the rings may be used to the same end on the two ring device, as they are used with the three ring structure. In a preferred embodiment these attachments or arrangements are made to serve a dual purpose, that is of heat conducting and of directing and forcing air flow direction and force.

Figure 3A shows a modification of the structure of Figure 3 wherein the means for allowing gas to flow from container 9 to container 8 (conduit 1) and the means for allowing liquid to flow from container 8 to container 9 (conduit 2) are both replaced by a modified gas moving structure. This modified structure is similar to the gas injector structure shown in Figure 1 and comprises an envelope 32, which is equivalent to envelope or sphere 3, a conduit 33 for supplying liquid thereto, which is equivalent to conduit 10, a conduit 34, and a conduit 31, which is equivalent to conduit 12, in Figure l. A separator 29 is added to conduit 31; thus liquid flows centrifugally from conduit 31 through separator 29 and conduit 2 into container 9. Between separator 29 and container 8 is disposed conduit 30 to allow the gas which accumulates under pressure in separator 29 to pass into container 8. By the same principle which exists in the apparatus of Figure 1, gas is drawn into envelope 32 through conduit 34. Also, as above, the diameter of conduit 31 should be substantially greater than the diameters of conduits 33 and 2, which are essentially of the same diameter.

Embodiment A preferred form of use of the device is in an air conditioner, wherein a number of three ring devices are operated in series on the extended-shaft of a motor. A single device is limited in its air cooling capacity to the exposed surface of its heat absorbing container. In the collective use of a number of devices, such exposed cooling surface may be multiplied to correspond to a like surface exposure in conventional air conditioners or machines. These machines depend on a separate fan to direct the desired quantity of air over the cooling surface. Each device of this invention is a complete unit, including individual air directing and heat conducting fins or blades. This arrangement may be likened to a cooling coil or a condensing soil, where each convolution is detached and supported by its own corresponding parts in the refrigeration cycle.

With these devices on a common shaft little more-is needed than a practical housing arranged to make separate delivery ofhot air and cold air. In a room cooler, for example, the cooled air is directed into the room, and the. hot air is conducted outof the room. The same is Its pressure spread is even, at any axial distance,

true of automobiles, aircraft, and other cubage where.

cooling, filtering, cleaning, or other treatment of the air is desired.

Such an arrangement is shown in Figure 4 wherein like 19, comprising two pairs of upstanding legs and having cross members at top and bottom, supports the motor and housing. The cross members are secured together at the,

center point of the top and the center point of the bottom of the frame. At the bottom cross portion the motor. is secured. At the top center point there is secured 'a, shaft receiving means, such as journal box 21. Downward leg extensions hold the frame on a supporting floor. A predetermined number of devices are fixed on the shaft so as to be rotatable therewith. In so placing the devices. the rotatable insulating barriers are made to fit together in contiguity, one with another. The bottom device may have a downward extending skirt of the insulation, so. as to hood the motor heat, and separate the air being drawn in around the bottom of the frame. Together the insulating barriers form a rotatable cylindrical wall about the condensing or heat elements of the combined devices. The cylinder, so formed, also serves as an air conduit or duct to convey air upward from the open base intake. This cylinder, and its stationary extension, may have a sheet of reflective foil bonded to its wall surface to reflect heat, seal between its joints, and reduce air friction.

A stationary housing or duct 20, preferably a cylinder of some suitable material, is attached by bolts 24, or otherwise, to the legs of the frame 19. A stationary duct, such as elbow 23, is provided to convey the air rising about the shaft away from the air rising between housing 20 and the rotating wall 18. Duct or elbow 23 is secured to frame 19 by any suitable means such as bracket 25. Duct 23 may be secured again as it passes through housing 20.

A partial closure may be provided for the air conditioner at the top end of the housing 20, such as cover 26. Such cover or lid has a downward skirt extension for a contiguous exterior fitting over and about the top edge of housing 20. The friction fitting lid may have an elevated center as shown in Figure 4, or it may be flat to serve as a table top or lamp rest. At least one portion of the lid top is provided with apertures, through which the cool air 22 is forced by the air current created by the vanes 15 on the devices, which vanes extend between rings 7 and 8. The apertures may be louvers or other "entilating slits of desired shape. The lid shape, however, is made to conform to the shape defined by the top edge of housing 20, so that air will not escape.

Inasmuch as the herein described air conditioner may rest on a floor adjacent a window it does not require skilled or laborious installation. Instead it may remain unattached to its heat outlet and offer utility in different locations.

The foregoing refers, primarily to an item that may be classed as unattached personal property. Such a compact and portable apparatus is commonly called a room air conditioner. A person skilled in the art, however, will understand the necessary and possible changes to alter this invention as described into an air conditioner suitable for the needs of an entire building. In addition to size or capacity increase, these changes may include means to use running wateras an added coolant to condenser 17, waterproofing and reshaping the insulation wall so as to direct the flow of used water, and attaching means to make it a part of real property. The within air conditioner includes any type, of rotatable refrigeration means such as trical, hemi a r other whol units.

Having described only a typical and preferred embodiment and application of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to specific details set forth herein, but wish to reserve to myself any variatio'ns or modifications that may appear to those skilled in the art and-falling within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

, 1. In rotating refrigerating apparatus, a shaft supporting a unitary structure made up of a condenser located close to the shaft, a hollow ring about the condenser connectedto receive liquid from the condenser, a syphon closure sphere located radially of the receiving ring and connected thereto by a restricted conduit, a hollow gas and liquid receiving and separating ring surrounding the sphere and receiving ring and co'nnected to the sphere by a supply tube, an evaporator ring surrounding the separating ring and connected thereto by a restricting conduit, a conduit connecting the evaporator to the syphon and closure sphere for conducting gas from the evaporator thereto, and a co'nduit connecting the liquid and gas separating ring to the condenser for conducting the gas from the separating ring to the condenser.

2. Rotating refrigerating apparatus including structure for rotation about an axis, means for rotating said structure about said axis, a first ring container mounted on said structure at a predetermined radius from said axis, a second ring container mounted on said structure at a second predetermined radius from said axis greater than the first mentioned radius, first conduit means interconnecting the first container and second container for conveying refrigerant fluid from the first to the seco'nd container for heat absorbing action in the second container, and second conduit means interconnecting the second container with the first container for returning refrigerant fluid to the first ring.

3. Apparatus as in claim 2 and further including syphon means of the alternate liquid and gas type in said first conduit means interconnecting said first and second containers for increasing the compressive effect on the refrigerant fluid prior to the heat absorption action in the second ring.

4. Apparatus as in claim 3 and further including a third ring container on said structure radially positioned between said first and second ring containers, and wherein said first conduit means interconnecting said first and second containers and said syphon means are interconnected so that refrigerant fluid is compressed into the third container and thereafter moves into said second container ring for heat absorption action in the latter.

5. Apparatus as in claim 4 and further including condenser means in the second co'nduit means for aiding in extraction of heat from the refrigerant fluid returning from the second container to the first container.

6. Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said heat extraction means is in the form of a coil of constantly expanding radius centered about said axis and mounted substantially radially inward of said first ring container with respect to said axis.

7. In rotating refrigerating apparatus, structure for rotation about an axis, means for rotating said structure about said axis, a first ring container mounted on said structure at a predetermined radius from said axis, a seco'nd ring container mounted on said structure at a second predetermined radius from said axis greater than the first mentioned radius, means interconnecting the first and second containers including a syphon container, conduit means extending from the first container to the syphon means and of predetermined cross-section for conveying liquid refrigerant from said first co'ntainer to said syphon means, further conduit means extending from said second container to said syphon means for returning gaseous refrigerant from said second container to said syphon means, a third ring container mounted on said structure radially intervening between said first and second containers, conduit means extending between said third container and said second container for deliver ing liquid refrigerant to said second container from said third container, further conduit means extending between said syphon means and said third container for conveying alternate volumes of liquid and, gaseous refrigerant for compressing said gaseous refrigerant between said volumes of liquid refrigerant under centrifugal force and for delivering said alternate volumes of liquid and gaseous refrigerant into said third container, and further conduit means extending from said third container to said first container for returning refrigerant fluid from said third ring to said first ring.

8. Apparatus as in claim 7 wherein the co'nduit means between the third container and the first container includes condenser means for extracting heat from said refrigerant fluid returning from said third container to said first container.

9. Apparatus as in claim 8 wherein the condenser means comprises a coil of constantly increasing radius mounted on said structure and centered about said axis.

10. In rotating refrigerating apparatus, a first container for liquid refrigerant, a second container for heat ab sorbing action by refrigerant fluid therein, structural means mounting said containers, means for rotating said structure about an axis which places the first container at a lesser radius from said axis than the second, a syphon means mounted radially between said first and second containers, a conduit means of predetermined cross-sectional area extending from the first container to the syphon means for delivering liquid refrigerant under centrifugal forces to the syphon means, said conduit means terminating at a predetermined radial position within the syphon means, conduit means extending from said second container radially inward to said syphon means and terminating within the syphon means at a position of lesser radius from said axis than the termination of the conduit means from the first container to the syphon means, additional container means on said structure positioned radially inward of said second container but radially outward of said syphon means, conduit means interconnecting the additional container means with said syphon means and terminating in said syphon means intermediate the terminals of the conduit means from the first container and the conduit means from the second container, conduit means from the additional chamber back to a radially inward point of the first container means, the cross-sectional area of the conduit means communicating between the syphon means and the additional container means being greater than the crosssectional area of the conduit means from the first container to the syphon means, the arrangement being such that upon rotation of the structure about said axis liquid refrigerant in the first container is delivered into the syphon container under centrifugal force until the surface of the liquid in the syphon means submerges the intake of the conduit means between the syphon means and the additional container means whereupon a volume of liquid is forced through the last mentioned conduit means until said volume of liquid depletes the supply of liquid in the syphon means sufi'icient to remove same beyond the intake of the conduit means to the additional container means with the result that a volume of gaseous refrigerant follows said volume of liquid refrigerant to said additional chamber means and the action is intermittently repeated so as to pump and compress gaseous refrigerant between said syphon means and said additional container means.

11. In rotating refrigerating apparatus, refrigerating circuit means including condenser and evaporator means respectively in the form of ring containers both mounted on supporting structure for rotation about an axis, a cylindrical wall member also mounted on said structure and positioned to separate the evaporator ring container from the condenser ring container, means for rotating the foregoing as a unit, a housing surrounding said "structure, said housing including means for directing a fluid medium passing over said condenser container throughagfirst channel and for conveying a fluid medium passingover said, evaporator container through a second channel.

12. Apparatus as in claim 11 wherein the structure upon which the respective ring containers and wall men),- ber; are mounted includes vane members cfortimparting motion to said fluidmediums 1,375,836 Fisher Apr. 26, 1921 12 De Remer May 19, 1925 Brockway Feb. 9, 1932 Abbott Aug. 16, 1932 Dybvig Aug. 6,, 1944 Bassano "on... Nov. 15, 1949 Kollsman Dec. 6, 1949 Exner Sept. 19, 1950 Justice Nov. 29, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS Sweden Jan. 9, 1936

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