US2922714A - Columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy Download PDF

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US2922714A
US2922714A US650291A US65029157A US2922714A US 2922714 A US2922714 A US 2922714A US 650291 A US650291 A US 650291A US 65029157 A US65029157 A US 65029157A US 2922714 A US2922714 A US 2922714A
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columbium
tantalum
alloy
titanium
aluminum
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US650291A
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John L Benham
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy particularly adapted as an additive for titanium base alloys.
  • Titanium exists in either of two crystallinefforms. At low temperatures, it exists in the hexagonal crystal form known as the alpha phase, and. transforms at about 885 C. into the cubic crystal form known as the beta phase.
  • Beta alloys are generally characterized by excellent weldability and are admirably suited in the production of titanium sheet alloy where bending'properties are the criterion.
  • some general disadvantages of the beta titanium base alloys are their poor tensile ductility, poor retention of strength-at elevated temperatures, and poor metallurgical stability.
  • alpha titanium base alloys are much more stable and possess good retention of strength at elevated temperatures and good tensile ductility.
  • the chief disadvantage of the alpha type titanium alloy is its-poor bend ductility. Because ofthe increasing use-of titanium in industry, there is a demand for a titanium product having the beneficial properties of both the alpha and the betatitanium alloys.
  • Certain alloying additions to a titanium base metal serve to increase the structural strength of titanium alloys. These constituents are usually added as. pure metals or as ferro-alloys, such as ferrocolumbium or ferrotantalumcolumbium.
  • ferro-alloys such as ferrocolumbium or ferrotantalumcolumbium.
  • the addition of these, desirable constituents as relatively pure metals is an expensive procedure and has the added disadvantage of poor rate of solution because of the high melting points of the pure metal additives.
  • Both tantalum ,and columbium metals are highly malleable materials and, therefore, lack the requisite brittleness to be reduced to powder form.
  • Tantalum and columbium additions 'as commercial alloys present a problem in controlling the introduction of such deleterious elements to titanium as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, iron, carbon and silicon, which are normally present in ferrocolumbium and ferrotantalum-columbium in substantial percentages.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an addition alloy of columbium-tantalum-aluminum which can be economically used as an addition agent for the production of a stable titanium base alloy.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an addition alloy of columbium-tantalum-aluminum' essentially free of such deleterious elements to titanium as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, iron, carbon and silicon.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an addited States Patent tion alloy of ,columbium-tantalum-aluminum which can be readily reduced tofinely divided form by means of conventional crusher apparatus.
  • the invention by meansof which these objects are 5 achieved is, based on .the discovery that. the addition to a titanium melt of a properly. proportioned master alloy, in which both alpha and beta phase promoters are present, produces an excellent grade of titanium alloy having an advantageous combination of desirable characteiistics'found in all-alpha titanium alloys and all-beta titanium alloys.
  • the master alloy of the invention comprises as essential constituents, columbium and tantalum, which are known to retard the formation of alpha-phase titanium and to stabilizethe beta phase titanium, and aluminum which has a strong tendency to promote the formation of alpha-phase titanium.
  • the rangeof composition should be within the following limits. g 1
  • Table I are set forth results obtained on analysis 5 of a typical addition alloy of the invention.
  • the typical alloy addition was made in a heat in which fused columbo tantalite and crude columbium oxide of the following compositions were reduced with excess aluminum in the presence of lime to produce a tantalum-columbium alloy containing Al.
  • the subject alloy possesesjgood crushability, an important attribute which is economically desirable in alloy additions, particularly those containing tantalum and columbium constituents.
  • Table II Shown in Table II below are the results of a typical screen analysis of the alloy specified in Table I.
  • the alloy was readily crushed in conventional crusher apparatus.
  • the tantalumcolumbium-aluminum master alloy of the present in vention isideallysuited as an addition agent to a titanium base alloy.
  • a titanium alloy When added to a titanium alloy, it is effective in producing a titanium base alloy having a highly desirable combination of properties previously occurring in part in alpha titanium "alloys and beta titanium alloys.
  • the alloyof the invention is easily reduced to powder form, and its use in readily prepared accurate quantities substantially reduces production costs.
  • a columbiumtantalum-aluminumalloy consisting essentially of about 10% to 35% tantalum, 10% to 35% columbium, and the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities.
  • a columbium-t-atalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentiallyof about 10% to 20% tantalum, 25% to.35% columbium, and the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities. 7
  • a columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about 10% to 35% tantalum, 10% to 35% columbium, 20% to 75% aluminum, up to 3% iron, up to 1.5% silicon, up to 7% manganese, up to 0.5% of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and the remainder incidental impurities.
  • a columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about 10% to20% tantalum, 25% to 35% columbium, 35% to aluminum, up to 2.5% iron, up to 1.0% silicon, up to 5.5% manganese, up to 0.25% oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and the remainder incidental impurities.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

1,922,714 t v COLUMBIUM-TANTALUM-ALUMINUMALLOY' John L. Benham, Lewiston, N.Y., assignor to Union Carbide Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application April 3, 1957 Serial No. 650,291
4 Claims. (Cl. 75-138) This invention relates to a columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy particularly adapted as an additive for titanium base alloys.
Titanium exists in either of two crystallinefforms. At low temperatures, it exists in the hexagonal crystal form known as the alpha phase, and. transforms at about 885 C. into the cubic crystal form known as the beta phase. Beta alloys are generally characterized by excellent weldability and are admirably suited in the production of titanium sheet alloy where bending'properties are the criterion. However, some general disadvantages of the beta titanium base alloys are their poor tensile ductility, poor retention of strength-at elevated temperatures, and poor metallurgical stability. On the other hand, alpha titanium base alloys are much more stable and possess good retention of strength at elevated temperatures and good tensile ductility. The chief disadvantage of the alpha type titanium alloy is its-poor bend ductility. Because ofthe increasing use-of titanium in industry, there is a demand for a titanium product having the beneficial properties of both the alpha and the betatitanium alloys.
Certain alloying additions to a titanium base metal, among which are columbium and tantalum, serve to increase the structural strength of titanium alloys. These constituents are usually added as. pure metals or as ferro-alloys, such as ferrocolumbium or ferrotantalumcolumbium. The addition of these, desirable constituents as relatively pure metals is an expensive procedure and has the added disadvantage of poor rate of solution because of the high melting points of the pure metal additives. Both tantalum ,and columbium metals are highly malleable materials and, therefore, lack the requisite brittleness to be reduced to powder form. Tantalum and columbium additions 'as commercial alloys present a problem in controlling the introduction of such deleterious elements to titanium as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, iron, carbon and silicon, which are normally present in ferrocolumbium and ferrotantalum-columbium in substantial percentages.
It is therefore an important object of the present invention to provide an addition agent for a titanium melt that is effective in producing a stable titanium base alloy having a desirable combination of good weldability, good tensile and bend ductility, the retention of strength at elevated temperatures, and a higher service temperature than present day all-alpha titanium base alloys.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an addition alloy of columbium-tantalum-aluminum which can be economically used as an addition agent for the production of a stable titanium base alloy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an addition alloy of columbium-tantalum-aluminum' essentially free of such deleterious elements to titanium as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, iron, carbon and silicon.
Another object of the invention is to provide an addited States Patent tion alloy of ,columbium-tantalum-aluminum which can be readily reduced tofinely divided form by means of conventional crusher apparatus.
' ,The invention by meansof which these objects are 5 achieved is, based on .the discovery that. the addition to a titanium melt of a properly. proportioned master alloy, in which both alpha and beta phase promoters are present, produces an excellent grade of titanium alloy having an advantageous combination of desirable characteiistics'found in all-alpha titanium alloys and all-beta titanium alloys. The master alloy of the invention comprises as essential constituents, columbium and tantalum, which are known to retard the formation of alpha-phase titanium and to stabilizethe beta phase titanium, and aluminum which has a strong tendency to promote the formation of alpha-phase titanium. Small amounts of other elements such as iron, silicon and manganese may be present in limited amounts, and gaseous impurities such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen may bev present as incidental impurities. The addition of the subject alloy results in a titanium alloy having a stable structure comprising an alpha matrix in which some beta phase is present. I
In a preferred embodiment of the alloy addition of the invention, the rangeof composition should be within the following limits. g 1
Preferred, percent Broad,
percent up to 2.5 up to 1.0 up to 5.5 up to 0.25 remainder Optimum results are obtained within the above range when the ratio of columbium to tantalum is approximately 2 to 1, the ratio of aluminum to the combined tantalum and columbium content is 5 to 3, the iron does not exceed 4% of the combined tantalum and columbium content, the'silicon does not exceed 1.5% of the tantalum and columbium, and the total oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen not exceeding 0.5% of thetantalum and columbium.
In Table I are set forth results obtained on analysis 5 of a typical addition alloy of the invention. The typical alloy addition was made in a heat in which fused columbo tantalite and crude columbium oxide of the following compositions were reduced with excess aluminum in the presence of lime to produce a tantalum-columbium alloy containing Al.
Fused Columblum Columbo- Oxide tantalite TABLE I Chemical analysis Element: Percent Ta 12.82 Al 49.85
Ti 1.79 Fe 1.45 Si 0.54 Mn 4.75
O 0.010 H 0.013 Impurities Remainder As afeature of the invention, the subject alloy possesesjgood crushability, an important attribute which is economically desirable in alloy additions, particularly those containing tantalum and columbium constituents.
Shown in Table II below are the results of a typical screen analysis of the alloy specified in Table I. The alloy was readily crushed in conventional crusher apparatus.
TABLE 11 Screen analysis Retained on: Percent /4 Nil 8 Mesh 88.88
mesh 8.03
48 mesh 1.41
100 mesh 0.94 Thru 100' mesh Balance Typical mechanical properties of dnneale d Ti base alloy sheet (.04 thick) .040 inch sheet Ultimate tensile strengthipsi.) 127, 000
Yield Strength, 0.2% offset (psi 120, 000
Elongation (percent) 16 Min. bend radius w) 34 tlnckness Welding tests on the above final titanium base alloy indicated that the alloy is readily welded with the same techniques used for commercially pure titanium, and that the weld sections possess substantially the same bend ductility and mechanical properties as the unwelded sections of the alloy.
From the above it will be seen that the tantalumcolumbium-aluminum master alloy of the present in vention isideallysuited as an addition agent to a titanium base alloy. When added to a titanium alloy, it is effective in producing a titanium base alloy having a highly desirable combination of properties previously occurring in part in alpha titanium "alloys and beta titanium alloys. In addition, the alloyof the invention is easily reduced to powder form, and its use in readily prepared accurate quantities substantially reduces production costs.
It will be understood that modifications and variations'may be etfected'without departing from the spirit and scope-of the novel concepts of the present invention.
Whatisclaimedisz l. A columbiumtantalum-aluminumalloy consisting essentially of about 10% to 35% tantalum, 10% to 35% columbium, and the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities.
2. A columbium-t-atalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentiallyof about 10% to 20% tantalum, 25% to.35% columbium, and the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities. 7
3. A columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about 10% to 35% tantalum, 10% to 35% columbium, 20% to 75% aluminum, up to 3% iron, up to 1.5% silicon, up to 7% manganese, up to 0.5% of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and the remainder incidental impurities. 1
4. A columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about 10% to20% tantalum, 25% to 35% columbium, 35% to aluminum, up to 2.5% iron, up to 1.0% silicon, up to 5.5% manganese, up to 0.25% oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and the remainder incidental impurities.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,369,354 Kenipf et al. Feb. 13, 1945 2,579,369 Dawe Dec. 18, 1951 2,711,9 0 Methe June 28, 1955 2,740,711 Herres et Apr. 3, 1956 2,754,204 Iaifee et al. July 10, 1956 2,769,707 Vordahl Nov. 6, 1956

Claims (1)

1. A COLUMBIUM-TANTALUM-ALUMINUM ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 10% TO 35% TANTALUM, 10% TO 35% COLUMBIUM, AND THE REMAINDER ALUMINUM AND INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES.
US650291A 1957-04-03 1957-04-03 Columbium-tantalum-aluminum alloy Expired - Lifetime US2922714A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964399A (en) * 1959-06-25 1960-12-13 Titanium Metals Corp Tantalum-titanium corrosion resistant alloy
US3104252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1963-09-17 Continental Oil Co Preparation of organoaluminum compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of ti, zr, nb, v, sc, u, or hf
US3172196A (en) * 1963-01-22 1965-03-09 Brush Beryllium Co Sintered intermetallic compoundcomposition bodies
US9470462B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2016-10-18 TITAN Metal Fabricators Heat exchanger for heating hydrochloric acid pickling solution, a system and method for pickling, and a method of manufacturing steel products
CN110408806A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-11-05 承德天大钒业有限责任公司 A kind of Al-Nb-Ta intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2369354A (en) * 1942-06-06 1945-02-13 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum base alloy
US2579369A (en) * 1948-09-13 1951-12-18 Vanadium Corp Of America Addition alloy for treatment of steel
US2711960A (en) * 1953-11-17 1955-06-28 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Titanium base alloys with aluminum, manganese, and chromium
US2740711A (en) * 1952-04-29 1956-04-03 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Iron chromium molybdenum titanium base alloy
US2754204A (en) * 1954-12-31 1956-07-10 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Titanium base alloys
US2769707A (en) * 1952-11-01 1956-11-06 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Thermally stable beta alloys of titanium-tin alloys

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2369354A (en) * 1942-06-06 1945-02-13 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum base alloy
US2579369A (en) * 1948-09-13 1951-12-18 Vanadium Corp Of America Addition alloy for treatment of steel
US2740711A (en) * 1952-04-29 1956-04-03 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Iron chromium molybdenum titanium base alloy
US2769707A (en) * 1952-11-01 1956-11-06 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Thermally stable beta alloys of titanium-tin alloys
US2711960A (en) * 1953-11-17 1955-06-28 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Titanium base alloys with aluminum, manganese, and chromium
US2754204A (en) * 1954-12-31 1956-07-10 Rem Cru Titanium Inc Titanium base alloys

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3104252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1963-09-17 Continental Oil Co Preparation of organoaluminum compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of ti, zr, nb, v, sc, u, or hf
US2964399A (en) * 1959-06-25 1960-12-13 Titanium Metals Corp Tantalum-titanium corrosion resistant alloy
US3172196A (en) * 1963-01-22 1965-03-09 Brush Beryllium Co Sintered intermetallic compoundcomposition bodies
US9470462B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2016-10-18 TITAN Metal Fabricators Heat exchanger for heating hydrochloric acid pickling solution, a system and method for pickling, and a method of manufacturing steel products
CN110408806A (en) * 2019-08-22 2019-11-05 承德天大钒业有限责任公司 A kind of Al-Nb-Ta intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof
CN110408806B (en) * 2019-08-22 2020-12-18 承德天大钒业有限责任公司 Aluminum niobium tantalum intermediate alloy and preparation method thereof

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