US2919476A

US2919476A - Spring floors

Info

Publication number: US2919476A
Application number: US601428A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fritz Bernhard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1955-08-06
Filing date: 1956-08-01
Publication date: 1960-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 1977-01-05

Description

jan. 5, 1960 B. FRITZ SPRING FLOORS Filed Aug. l, 1956 /7/ ML, Nm t. m w, N m6@ z/ ml s u Q 2,919,476 SPRING FLOORS 'Bernhard Fritz, Karlsruhe-Ruppurr, Germany y Application August 1, 1956, Serial No. 601,428

Claims priority, application Germany August 6, 1955 4 Claims. (Cl. Ztl-6) The invention relates to spring floors wherein a semiresilient floor layer is supported on springs arranged in spaced relationship to one another on a base or foundation.

A semi-resilient floor of a gymnasium, for example, is intended to effect an appreciable conversion of the kinetic energy produced by a user into a stress operation in the oor and thereby to have the eifect of preventing or reducing fatigue symptoms and even damage to the user, such as sprains, torn muscles or inammation of the tendons.

In order to comply with this requirement, downward depressions of the floor should be, as far as possible, of the same size at each point of the floor under the same individual load. In addition, all depressions caused by statically or dynamically acting loads should be of a purely elastic nature, that is to say, should completely disappear again upon the removal of the loads. A further requirement is that the depression which is formed under a local shock load caused for example by people jumping, and which takes the form of an extensive trough of circular ground plan, should have as large a diameter as possible. Depressions which are sharply limited in one or two directions and thereby more local, should be regarded as unfavourable, not only with reference to the stated object, but also because the small radii of deiiection curvature should be rejected as deleterious to the preservation and life of the floor and particularly of any surface covering which may be provided.

Moreover, the depressions caused by a person on the floor should not result in any elastic rising of the floor elsewhere, that is to say outside the said circular trough, because a rebounding action, i.e. exactly the opposite of a perpendicularly yielding resilient action, would other wise occur at such places and would adversely affect any other person jumping there.

Spring oors are known in which the spring suspension is obtained by flexible, bar-shaped supporting members which support various points of the oor in such manner that the elastic sagging of these points imparts resilience to the oor. Since this sagging varies, however, at different places on the iloor the desired uniformity of resilience at all places of the oor where people walk can in no way be achieved.

Semi-resilient floors are also known in which a supporting base is on spring supports arranged at spaced intervals from one another. In one of these constructions, the spring supports consist of layered leaf springs and, in another form of construction, of a round plate having laterally projecting turned-down resilient arms. 'i With these known floors the resilient property which is decisively important for the said purpose is absent because, in the region of the stresses caused by use, the relationship between Various loads and the corresponding deections is alinear relationship giving an almost straight-line graph.

In `contrast to this, the present invention has for its main object a semi-resilient floor supported on springs that are so constructed and assembled that at every place on the iioor, the depressions caused by kinetic energy loads from persons of very different weights are always practically equal and the relationship between such different loads and the corresponding depressions gives a curved graph. l

It is another object of the invention to provide supporting springs in the form of columns of plate springs arranged between a base plate and the floor layer and surrounded by a shield which telescopes with said supports.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tubular spring abutment for each said column in a cover plate of which is guided a bar secured to the bottom of the floor layer and arranged in the centre of the spring assembly.

Preferably a recoil spring is arranged in order to prevent a hard recoil of the floor layer and to avoid consequent rattling noises.

For perfect distribution of load in all directions the oor layer resting on the supporting springs preferably consists of three tiersof side-by-side elongated wooden boards, planks, beams or the like, intersecting each other at an acute angle of about 60.

A oor constructed in this manner may also be provided with a top layer consisting of wood plates such as pressed board or plywood plates and a wear-resistant covering thereon such as linoleum or the like.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. l is a graph showing the relationship between the depth of depression and load in known spring mounted oors and also in a resilient oor constructed according to this invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a supporting spring constructed according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary ground plan of a floor according to the invention; and

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.

In the graph shown in Fig. l, the straight line l shows the relationship of depression to load in the case of the known resiliently mounted oors. For example a person weighing kg. would produce a depression and an amount of spring action twice as great as that produced by a child weighing 40 kg. Therefore, the child would not have the same advantages as a person weighing 80 kg. with respect to the relieving of muscular stress when jumping. However, if the spring chmacteristic has the course as represented by curve 2 shown in Fig. l, then, with the same conditions for the adult and for the child, a much greater and therefore almost equivalent partial depression of the oor and spring action is obtained. That is to say 2 l, while 2-A is 1.2. Conversely, as best shown in the graph of Fig. l, the deflection of the spring at about one-half of the weight of an average adult person (80 lbs.) is about 4.25/5 or about .83 of the delection at the latter weight.

A spring-mounted iioor construction with accurately predictable spring properties which are the same at all parts of the oor and simultaneously adapted to persons of any weight may therefore be considered as a considerable improvement over the already known spring oors.

The semi-resilient oor shown in the drawing comprises a bearing oor or oor layer construction distributing the load in every direction, and supporting springs which elastically support such floor layer with a shock absorbing effect. Each individual spring arrangement comprises a plate spring column or assembly c, the plates or blades of which are arranged between a base plate a and a flanged socket or shield l which is constructed as a spring abutment. On the base plate a there is arranged a tubular spring abutment b through the upper cover plate r of which passes a bar e secured to the base g of the said abutment l at f and arranged in the centre of the spring column c. The lower end of the bar e has a thread h on which there is threaded a lock nut i which in turn supports an annular dise k supporting Patented Jan. 5, 19'60l a recoil spring d. The socket or shield l simultaneously acts to protect the spring column against the entry of dust or soil. At the places m of the top and bottom supporting members the spring column is mounted in the lower and upper door structures respectively.

The spring supports are selected and assembled so that any desired spring characteristic and therefore any depression characteristic adapted to the weight of the users is achieved according to the curve 2 of Fig. 1. Such a spring arrangement is preferably assembled from a number of dished plate or blade springs which are connected in axial series to form a spring assembly. The plate springs are made of high grade non-fatiguing steel. As shown in Fig. 2, the springs of the assembly vary in thickness and arrangement of spring blade, for example having single blades at the top and double blades at the bottom, that is to say there is a stratified layer.

The floor layer itself consists of three tiers or laminations of side-by-side elongated members such as joists and boards or planks, the members of each layer intersecting those of the other layers at an acute angle, for example of 60, and producing a uniform distribution of load in all directions. The thicker bearing plardrs or joists n as the lowest layer rest immediately on the supporting springs and are supported thereby at the places o. The centre board or plank layer p interconnects the planks or joists n. The top board or plank layer q is arranged in close juxtaposition and constructed as an under floor or directly as a floor surface. By such an arrangement a uniform distribution of the load is obtained in the three directions l, 2, 3 (Fig. 3) both for all points l over a supporting spring column and for all points il between two spring columns.

Thus the main object of the new supporting floor structure is to have a load distributing effect and to adjust itself smoothly to the depressions of the spring columns. These primary depressions which occur owing to the elastic resilience of the springs are always very much greater than the secondary depressions of board or plate layers only, which occur for instance upon a load acting between two supporting columns. Thus the spring properties of the floor are determined in fact only by the supporting spring columns.

if the lloor is to receive a resilient covering to prevent wear and tear, such as a cork or rubber covering, it is advisable to dispose on the top board or plank layer q, laid as an Iunder ioor without interconnecting grooves and tongues, a further wood layer u in the form of a hard-board or plywood layer and then to cement thereon the linoleum, cork or other material v to prevent wear and tear. The purpose of the compensation layer u is to prevent the occurrence of curves in the under floor q caused by shrinking for example, appearing as irregularities on a thin wear and tear layer.

What I claim is:

1. A spring floor comprising a base, a plurality of spring supports uniformly distributed on said base at points spaced apart from each other, and a laminated resilient lloor structure supported on said supports Comprising three superposed layers, each layer having adioining elongated parallel members, the longitudinal direction of the members of each layer `forming an `angle of sixty (60) degrees with the longitudinal direction of the members of the other layers, each spring support being positioned below superposed areas of crossing of members of all three layers, each said spring support comprising two telescoping members, one movable relative to the other, `and an assembly of dished plate springs coaxially mounted between said members urging said members apart, the deflection characteristics of said assembly being curved in such a manner that the deflection upon the application of the weight of an average adult person will be yabout twenty (20%) percent larger than that of the application of one-half of said weight.

2. A spring floor comprising a base, a plurality of spring supports uniformly distributed on said base at points spaced apart from each other, and a laminated resilient floor structure supported on said supports comprising three superposed layers, each layer having adjoining elongated parallel members, the longitudinal direction of the members of each layer forming an angle of sixty (60) degrees with the longitudinal direction of the members of the other layers, each spring support being positioned below superposed areas of crossing of members of all three layers, each said spring support comprising two telescoping members, one movable relative to the other, and an assembly of dished plate springs coaxially mounted between said lmembers urging said members apart, the deilection characteristics of said assembly being curved in such a manner that the deecion upon the application of the weight of an average adult person will be about twenty (20%) percent larger than that of the application of one-half of said weight, one end of the assembly reacting against the under face of the :door layer and the other end reacting against the base.

3. A spring oor comprising a base, a plurality of spring supports uniformly distributed on said base at points spaced apart from each other, and a laminated resilient Hoor structure supported on said supports comprising three superposed layers, each layer having adjoining elongated parallel members, the longitudinal direction of the members of cach layer forming `an angle of substantially sixty (60) degrees with the longitudinal direction of the members of the other layers, each spring support being positioned below superposed areas of crossing of members of all three layers, each said spring support comprising two telescoping members, one movable relative to the other, and an assembly of dished plate springs coaxially mounted between said members urging said members apart, the deflection characteristics of said assembly being cnn/ed in such a manner that the deflection upon the application of the weight of an average adult person will be about twenty (20%) percent larger than that of the application of one-half of said weight one end of the assembly reacting against the under face of the floor layer and the other end reacting against the base, said assembly including a recoil spring within each said support reacting against the corresponding plate spring assembly.

4. A spring oor comprising a base, a plurality of spring supports uniformly distributed on said base at points spaced apart from each other, and a laminated resilient oor structure supported on said supports comprising three superposed layers, each layer having adjoining elongated parallel members, the longitudinal direction of the members of each layer forming an angle of substantially sixty (60) degrees with the longitudinal direction of the members of the other layers, each spring support being positioned below superposed areas of crossing of members of all three layers, each spring support comprising two telescoping members, one movable relative to the other, and an assembly of dished plate springs coaxially mounted between said members urging said members apart, said plate springs being arranged in `a predetermined order corresponding to a predetermined load resulting in relatively greater deection of said floor than the deflection resulting from a load corresponding to a multiple of said predetermined load.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 104,907 Vose June 28, 1870 2,026,511 Storm Dec. 31, 1935 2,325,430 Setz July 27, 1943 2,387,266 Holland Get. 23, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS 259 Great Britain Ian. 22, 1876