US2917657A - Klystron tube - Google Patents

Klystron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2917657A
US2917657A US644634A US64463457A US2917657A US 2917657 A US2917657 A US 2917657A US 644634 A US644634 A US 644634A US 64463457 A US64463457 A US 64463457A US 2917657 A US2917657 A US 2917657A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubular
klystron
diaphragm
electron gun
support member
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US644634A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernardus Bastiaan Van Iperen
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US2917657A publication Critical patent/US2917657A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to klystron tubes and particularly to reflex klystron oscillators operating at extremely high frequencies which have not been obtainable heretofore. These frequencies are of the order of 75,000 mc/ s.
  • the spacing between electrodes in the tube becomes so small that it is impossible to use ordinary production techniques in assembling the parts; There is simply no room to allow a jig to be placed between adjacent electrodes, and furthermore', the small spacing between electrodes precludes the use ⁇ of built-in dielectric spacers because the voltage gradient through the spacer would be exorbitantly high and the tolerance to which the spacers would haveto be built would be almost impossible, or at least impractical, to achieve.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a klystron which will produce substantial power output at extremely high frequencies of the order of 75,000 mc/s.
  • a second object is to provide a klystron which is capable of operating at frequencies in this range and which can yet be built at a reasonable expense and can be reproduced in any desired quantity.
  • the klystron consists of an electron gun, a resonant cavity having a pair of apertures through which the beam from the gun passes, and a repeller electrode.
  • the present invention consists in the mechanical arrangement of these components, which are known ⁇ per se.
  • the resonant cavity is constructed as an integral part of a relatively stili-walled evacuated chamber and the electron gun is supported by an elongated support member that passes through, and is sealed to, a diaphragm which is at least a little more exible than the stiff walls.
  • the end of the support member external to the evacuated chamber is constrained by clamping means secured to the stii walls, so that, by manipulation of the clamping means, the elongated support member may be pivoted about a point determined by the diaphragm, thereby moving the electron gun within the evacuated chamber so as to align the gun with the apertures in the resonant cavity.
  • This structure which allows the electron gun to be precisely positioned after the klystron has been constructed and evacuated, eliminates the necessity for attempting the almost-impossible task of achieving precise positioning of the parts during construction and permits the spacing between components to be greatly reduced, with a concomitant increase in operating frequency, over what has hitherto been possible.
  • the external positioning arrangement may also be applied to the repeller electrode, which is located on the far side of the resonant cavity from the electron gun.
  • reference numeral 1 designates the electron gun structure consisting of the cathode 2 and a control electrode, or Wehnelt cylinder, 3.
  • the electron beam formed by the gun is directed through an aperture 4 in a wall 5, of a resonant cavity 6 and through a secxited States Patent O 2,917,657 Patented Dec. l5, ⁇ 1959 ICC ond, slightly llexible apertured membrane 7 in the opposite wall of cavity 6.
  • the electrons are then reflected by a reflector electrode 8 so as to complete the necessary oscillatory movement.
  • the resonant cavity 6 forms the backbone of the klystron and carries a tubular extension 9 on one side in which the electron gun l is mounted and a tubular' extension 10 on the other side in which the reflector electrode 8 is mounted.
  • This glass section 11 also provides a place for the: connecting pins 12 to be mounted.
  • the outer end of the glass section 11 is sealed to the midportion of a relatively stiff ⁇ metal tubular member 13, the inner, or reentrant, end of which is closed by a slightly flexible diaphragm 14 which, in turn, is sealed to a central point of-an elongated support member 15 that carries on its inner end the electron gun 1.
  • the designation of central point does not, of course, mean the mathematical center of member 15 but merely some point substantially in from each end.
  • Clamping means in the form of a pluralityof set screw 16 spaced around the outer end of the tubular member 13 exert a lateral pressure on the outer end of the support member l5. ⁇
  • the other tubular extension 10 in which the repeller electrode 8 is mounted is basically the same as the tubular extension ⁇ 9 in which the electron gun l. is mounted.
  • the tubular extension 10 includes a reduced diameter part 17 that is sealed to the slightly flexible apertured membrane 7 ⁇ so that, as is common in reflex klystrons, this membrane may be distorted by being pushed in or pulled out slightly to vary the spacing between ⁇ it and the aperture 4 and thereby to vary the tuning of the klystron.
  • the insulating section of extension 10 is a piece of glass tubing 18 which is sealed at one end to the conical section 17 and at the other end to another metallic section 19.
  • This section 19 is sealed to a reentrant member 2t), the inner end of which is closed by a diaphragm 21 which is relatively flexible with respect to the other components of tubular section 10.
  • the diaphragm 21 is sealed to a support rod 22 on which the repeller electrode S is mounted and the outer end of which is clasped between a plurality of set screws 23 that are held in a tubular member 24 allixed to the reeutrant member 2t). It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific components illustrated in making up the tubular sections 9 and 1l); a large variety of alternative arrangements will readily occur to one skilled in the art.
  • the electron gun 1 and the repeller electrode 8 must be aligned with respect to the apertures in the resonant cavity 6. The reason ⁇ for this alignment and the difficulty of achieving it directly Aby attention to manufacturing tolerances will readily be apparent when it is considered that the diameter of the aperture in membrane 7 is of the order of 1A of a mm. and the spacing between the rellector electrode 8 and the membrane 7 is of the order of 1/6 of a mm.
  • the adjuusting process need be carriedfout onlyfonce, after which-the setA screws 16 and 23 may be sealed, ⁇ by cement or other suitable means, to the, tubular members 13 and 24, respectively, so that the electronr'g'un 1 and the Vreector electrode 8 remainproperly positioned laterally for the life of the klystronf/ Nominal operation voltages with respect to the cathode inthe electron gun 1 are as follows:
  • the voltages are onlyV illustrative -and mayrvary with modifications Vin the design.
  • a klystron comprising an evacuated Vchamber including a resonant cavity as a part of said chamber, said chamber having relatively sti walls and said resonant cavity having a pair of apertures in opposite walls thereof to allow a beam of electrons to pass therethrough;
  • said second diaphragm being sealed to said second lsupe port member at a point on said second support member intermediate the ends thereof whereby saidV second support member can be pivoted about a-point determined by said second diaphragm by means ofthe'lateral' pressure exerted by said last-named set screws toalignV said reector electrode with the electron beam passing throughvv said apertures and means to lock-all ofV said set screwsA in place once said reflector and said electron gun have been aligned.
  • a klystron comprising an evacuated chamber having a relatively stiff wall provided with axially aligned apertures, a flexible apertured diaphragm in at least one of said apertures, a pair of tubular extensions on opposite sides of said chamber surrounding said apertures and vacuum tight sealed to the wall of said chamber, atleast ⁇ a portion of the wall of each of said ⁇ tubular extensions'- being relatively rigid, an electron gun'assembly positioned ⁇ in one of said tubular extensions, a repeller electrodeVV References Cited in the ile'of this patent! UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,368,821 t Foulkes Febf,l 1945 2,396,802 Mouromtse et al Mar. 19, 1946 2,416,318 Hotine Feb.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US644634A 1956-03-17 1957-03-07 Klystron tube Expired - Lifetime US2917657A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL346297X 1956-03-17

Publications (1)

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US2917657A true US2917657A (en) 1959-12-15

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US644634A Expired - Lifetime US2917657A (en) 1956-03-17 1957-03-07 Klystron tube

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US (1) US2917657A (fa)
BE (1) BE555832A (fa)
CH (1) CH346297A (fa)
FR (1) FR1186865A (fa)
GB (1) GB837024A (fa)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4286833A (en) * 1978-08-02 1981-09-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and apparatus to fabricate image intensifier tubes

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2368821A (en) * 1942-11-26 1945-02-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Mechanical adjustment of elements mounted inside vacuum tubes
US2396802A (en) * 1941-07-18 1946-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2416318A (en) * 1942-08-15 1947-02-25 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2418317A (en) * 1944-04-27 1947-04-01 Rca Corp Electronic gun adjustment
US2506660A (en) * 1946-04-15 1950-05-09 Csf Device for the regulation and centering under vacuum of a filament for a wehnelt cathode
GB766156A (en) * 1954-01-01 1957-01-16 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to magnetrons
US2794931A (en) * 1952-04-08 1957-06-04 Raytheon Mfg Co Retarding field oscillators

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2396802A (en) * 1941-07-18 1946-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2416318A (en) * 1942-08-15 1947-02-25 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2368821A (en) * 1942-11-26 1945-02-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Mechanical adjustment of elements mounted inside vacuum tubes
US2418317A (en) * 1944-04-27 1947-04-01 Rca Corp Electronic gun adjustment
US2506660A (en) * 1946-04-15 1950-05-09 Csf Device for the regulation and centering under vacuum of a filament for a wehnelt cathode
US2794931A (en) * 1952-04-08 1957-06-04 Raytheon Mfg Co Retarding field oscillators
GB766156A (en) * 1954-01-01 1957-01-16 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to magnetrons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH346297A (de) 1960-05-15
BE555832A (fa)
FR1186865A (fr) 1959-09-03
GB837024A (en) 1960-06-09

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