US2914909A

US2914909A - Pump and turbine hydraulic transmission driven by an internal combustion engine having starter means therefor

Info

Publication number: US2914909A
Application number: US646597A
Authority: US
Inventors: John T Kubik
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1957-03-18
Filing date: 1957-03-18
Publication date: 1959-12-01
Anticipated expiration: 1976-12-01

Description

Dec. 1, 1959 J. T. KUBIK 2,914,909

PUMP AND TURBINE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING STARTER MEANS THEREFOR Filed March 18, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN VEN TOR.

Dec. 1, 1959 T. K I 2,914,909 PUMP AND TURBINE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING STARTER MEANS THEREFOR Filed March 18, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 CLAW I flue/z INVENTOR.

United States Patent PUMP AND TURBINE HYDRAULIC TRANSMIS- SION DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING STARTER MEANS THEREFOR This invention relates to new and improved power generator constructions.

The term power generator is frequently employed to designate any of a wide variety of different types of constructions which are adapted to be used in providing use ful power in the form of shaft rotation or the like which can be used to perform work. A broad object of the present invention is to' provide new and improved power generator constructions which are adapted to provide shaft rotation.

A more specific object of the present invention is to provide power generator constructions utilizing combined internal combustion engine means and hydraulic pump means to drive turbine means in order to provide shaft rotation. Another general object of the present invention is to provide a. power generator structure of the type indicated utilizing control valve means interconnecting the hydraulic pump means employed and the turbine means employed in such a manner that by actuating the control valve means the turbine means employed may be caused to rotate in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, or these turbine means may be stopped while simultaneously the engine means employed and the hydraulic pump means employed continue to operate in their established manner.

Another general object of the present invention is to provide power generator constructions of a combined category as indicated in the preceding two sentences in which starting pump means are employed in order to be used in starting the operation of the combined internal combustion engine means and hydraulic pump means forming a principal part of the construction of the present invention. Such starting pump means are, in accordance with the teachings of this invention, connected directly to the control valve means indicated in the preceding in such a manner that they may be used only when the control valve means employed are appropriately actuated.

A more specific object of the present invention is to provide combined hydraulic pump and engine construetions in which a pump cylinder and two engine cylinders are interconnected by means of a single rod which is free to slide back and forth to a limited extent between these cylinders, and in which piston means are attached to this rod within each of these cylinders. Preferably the individual cylinders utilized are located so as to be aligned with one another and so that the pump cylinder is located between the two engine cylinders. By this type of construction a balanced type of structure may be obtained in which there are a minimum number of moving parts and wearing surfaces.

A further object of this invention is to provide combined internal combustion engine and pump constructions as indicated in the preceding in which novel means ineluding groove means and passage means are provided so as to lubricate the wearing surfaces between the piston means employed and the individual engine cylinders. A

still further object of the present invention is to provide 2,914,909 Patented Dec. 1, 1959 'ice in combined internal combustion engine pump constructions of the class indicated novel actuating means for controlling the ignition of an explosive gas mixture within the individual engine cylinders in accordance with the positions of the piston means and the rod means employed. It is also an object of the present invention to provide specifically adapted means for porting the engine cylinders Within a construction of the type herein described. I

Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific type of control valve member which'is especially adapted to be used with a reciprocating pump such as is employed with a combined internal combustion engine and hydraulic pump constructed as indicated in the pre ceding paragraph. An object of this invention is to pro vide a control valve member of this general classification utilizing a housing and several movable members located therein, these movable members fitting against each other and against part of the housing so as to form sealed surfaces, these movable members being provided with specific passage means located therein which are adapted to mate against other passage means within the valve structure and with various port type openings formed in the housing of the valve itself. By virtue of the adjustment of the control valve structure of the class herein indicated, it is possible to connect a hydraulic pump to an auxiliary starting engine in such a manner that the starting pump can be employed so as to actuate the working hydraulic pump in a combined-internal combustion en'- gine and hydraulic pump was to start this combined structure. A control valve structure as herein indicated is also specifically adapted to be used in conjunction with a turbine in order to control the rotation of a turbine in any desired manner without interfering with the operation of a combined internal combustion engine and hydraulic pump.

Because of thenature of this invention it is not considered necessary or expedientto set forth in this specifi cation a further long list of various objects and advantages of the invention itself. Such other objects and advantages of the invention will be fully apparent to those familiar with the art to which this invention pertains from a detailed consideration of the remainder of this description, including the appended claims and the accompanying drawings in which: a

Fig. 1 is a perspectiveview of a complete power generator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partially diagrammatic side sectional view showing the construction of various parts employed in the complete power generator of this invention; and

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are schematic views illustrating the operation of the valve means employed in this complete structure.

The accompanying drawings are intended so as to clearly illustrate a presently preferred form of the invention. Hence, they are not to be taken as limiting the invention in any respect; obviously a wide variety of differently appearing structures may be constructed utilizing the essential features or principles of the complete inventive concept present in this application.

All of the various parts of the complete structure shown and described herein are specifically designed and adapted so as to be used together in order to provide shaft rotation. Obviously, however, many of the individual parts herein described such as, for example, the combined internal combustion engine and hydraulic pump structure utilized can be employed for other purposes than to drivea turbine. Similarly, it is thought that developments will prove that the control valve structure shown and described may prove to have future utility in other applications besides. specific combined construction of this invention. It is to be noted however, that all of the parts of a complete power generator as shown and described co-act together in such a manner as to provide efiicient operation and so as to provide adequate control in the operation of a complete structure such as is set forth in such a manner that this complete structure may be readily started and operated in a continuous manner without difliculty.

The invention is best explained more fully by referring directly to the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 1 there is shown a complete power generator of the present invention which is built around a central combined internal combustion engine and hydraulic pump 12. This combined engine and pump 12 is connected by various lines for hydraulic fluid, which will be more fully identified later, to a turbine 14 by means of a control valve 16. The control valve 16 is similarly connected to a sarting pump 18 which is designed to be actuated by means of a conventional starting motor 20. The motor 20 is adapted to be connected to a conventional battery 22 by means of appropriate electrical conductors 24. It will be a gear train 26 which in turn operates a crank arm 28 that is preferably used to connect the starting motor 20 to the starting pump 18.

From a detailed examination of Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be apparent that the combined engine and pump 12 is built so as to include a housing 30 defining an internal cylinder 32 having ends 34 and 36. These ends 34 and 36 are sealed by means of other housings 38 which preferably are formed in such a manner as to make a bilaterally symmetrical structure of the type illustrated. The housings 38 each include cylinders 40 formed therein; the cylinders 40 and the cylinder 32 are connected by means of bearing openings 42 which are aligned with one another in such a manner as to hold what may be termed a connecting rod 44 in such a manner that this rod is capable of reciprocating motion between the various cylinders illustrated. If desired, conventional sealing washers 46 of a type adapted to be used where sliding connections are employed may be mounted upon the housings 38 in order to securely seal the individual cylinders employed from one another.

If desired, the cylinders 40 may be termed engine cylinders or internal combustion cylinders inasmuch as each of these cylinders is adapted to contain a piston 48. It will be obvious from an examination of the drawing that the pistons 48 are attached to the ends of the rod 44, and that these pistons 48 are movable within the cylinders 40 from a position such as is shown at the left of Fig. 2 to a position such as is shown at the right of Fig. 2. During such motion, another piston 50 mounted upon the center of the rod 44 within the cylinder 32 is caused to reciprocate back and forth. Since this other piston 50 is used in obtaining a pumping action within the cylinder 32, the cylinder 32 may be termed a pumping cylinder or a pump cylinder. pistons 48 and 50 may be prevented by a hollow, perforated rod 51 which is attached to the piston 50 so as to slide in and out of an opening 53.

In order to obtain a satisfactory pumping action, inlet ports 52 are pro ided in the housing 30 so as to lead into the cylinder 32 adjacent to the ends 34 and 36. It is noted that the piston 48 does not travel sufficiently in either direction so as to cover the inlet ports 52. Within each of these ports there is provided a small check valve 54 which serves to prevent back flow of hydraulic fluid through them. The check valves 54 are, as illustrated, disposed as small fittings within the ends of connecting pipe 56 leading from the cylinder 32 into the bottom of a housing 58 forming a part of the turbine 14. During the operation of the power generator 10 the bottom of this, housing 58 acts essentially as a hydraulic reservoir serving to hold spent hydraulic fluid until such time as it is drawn into the pump cylinder 32 through the inlet ports 52 past the check valves 54.

Outlet passages or ports 60 are formed With n the Rotation of the 1 housings 38 so as to lead from the ends 34 and 36 of the pump cylinder 32. As illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, these passages 60 are connected by means of pipes 62 to the control valve 16. It is noted that each of the pipes 62 is provided with

Y branches

64 and 66. The Y branches or pipes 64 are connected together to a flipflop type of valve 68 which in turn is directly connected by means of another pipe 70 to the control valve 16. The Y-branches or pipes 66 are, as shown, directly connected to this control valve 16.

Leading from the control valve 16 are pipes 72 which are connected to nozzles 74 located so as to extend through the housing 58 into the turbine 44 and so as to be positioned in opposite directions. The housing 58 is preferably provided with bearings 76 which serve to support a shaft 78 in such a manner that this shaft is capable of rotation as hydraulic fluid flows through either of the nozzles 74 so as to hit against either of two turbine wheels 80. Preferably the turbine wheels 80 are manufactured so as to contain cup-like vanes which face op posite directions so as to be most efficiently used in turning the shaft 78 in only one direction. It is noted that the nozzles 74 are oriented in such a manner that each of these nozzles is adapted to be used efficiently with only one turbine wheel 80 having its vanes disposed as indicated. By the use of such a dual system of turbine wheels 80 and nozzles 74 it is possible with the present invention to rotate the shaft 78 at full speed and power in either a clockwise or a counter-clockwise direction.

The direction in which the shaft 7 8 is rotated by virtue of the operation of either of the nozzles 74 and the corresponding turbine wheel 80 is controlled by means of the control valve 16. This control valve 16 includes the housing 82 having an internal cylindrical surface 84 formed therein. Within the housing 82 there is located a first control member 86 having an external surface 88 which is adapted to fit against the surface 84 so as to form a seal therewith, even when the control member 86 is rotated as will hereinafter be explained. Within the control member 36 there is located a cylindrical internal surface 90 which is adapted to receive a, second control member 92 in such a manner that an external surface 94 on this second control member 92 forms a seal against the surface 99 at all times, even when the second control member 92 is being rotated.

Rotation of the second control member is adapted to be controlled by means of a projecting lever or handle 96, an end of which may, if desired, be connected to a solenoid 93 so as to provide for convenient adjustment of the position of this second control member 92. As shown in Fig. l the solenoid 98 may be mounted upon the starting motor 23 so as to be capable of being actuated when the starting motor 20 is used for the purpose intended. Another handle 1% is secured to the first control member 36 so as to extend therefrom in order to adjust the position of this control member as required in order to control the operation of the turbine Wheels 82. Obviously auxiliary sealing rings or equivalents may be employed in conjunction with the control members E56 and 92 and in conjunction with the housing 82 for the obvious purpose.

In starting the complete power generator 10 the control valve 16 is adjusted so that the

control member

36 and 92 are in positions shown. Next the starting motor 28 is operated in the conventional manner so as to start the starting pump 13. As can be seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the starting pump is of the reciprocating variety and includes an internal cylinder 102 within which there is located a piston 184 which is connected to the crank arm 28 by means of a piston rod 106. The ends of the cylinder 102 on opposite sides of the piston 104 are connected to the housing 82 of the control valve 16 by means of passages 108 and 110.

As the starting pump 13 is operated initially the hydraulic fluid remaining in this pump from previous operation is caused to circulate first through the passage 108 into a passage 112 in the first control member 86 thence through a groove 114 in the second control member 92, and thence through another passage 116 in the first control member 86, then through the pipe 66 into the end 36 of the cylinder 32. This flow of hydraulic fluid will cause the piston 50 within the cylinder 32 to move from the position shown to a position adjacent to the end 34 of the cylinder 32. The starting pump 18 is proportioned in such a manner that when this occurs the piston 104 within this pump 18 will reverse its direction of travel. During such a reversal hydraulic fluid will fiow from the pump 18 through the pipe 110 to another passage 118 in the first control member 86, through a groove 120 in the second control member 92 to a passage 122 in the first control member 86 and thence through a pipe 66 to the end 34 of the cylinder 32. Such motion will cause the piston 50 to move in the reverse direction from its previous motion. During such an operation of the starting pump 18 it is considered obvious that hydraulic fluid will flow back into the pump 18 in the obvious manner from the cylinder 32 so that at all times an adequate supply of hydraulic fluid is located within the cylinder 102. Any make up hydraulic fluid required will be obtained automatically from the housing 58 during these operations.

This motion of the piston 50 caused by the starting pump 18 causes the rod 44 to reciprocate and thus the pistons 48 attached to this rod will be moved within the cylinders 40 so as to gradually cause complete actuation of the combined engine and pump in a manner which is analogous to the starting of any internal combustion engine. If desired, appropriate handles or crank arms (not shown) may be connected to the starting pump 18 so that this starting pump may be operated manually or by other means than are specifically indicated herein.

When the starting pump 18 has been actuated to sufficient extent the various operative parts of the combined engine and pump 12 will be engaged so that explosive gas or equivalents will be injected into the cylinders 40 through fuel injection ports 124 from appropriate auxiliary equipment (not shown) of a conventional character. Also various exhaust gases will be removed from the cylinders 40 by means of exhaust gas ports 126. It is noted that these exhaust gas ports are periodically covered by means of the pistons 48. Air inlet passages 128 are also provided so as to admit air past check valves 130 into the ends of the cylinders 40 adjacent to the cylinder 32 during these operations. Such air under pressure will be conveyed into the ends of the cylinders 40 remote from the cylinder 32 by means of small passages 132 formed within the housings 38 as illustrated.

I During the motion of the rod 44 and the pistons 48 attached thereto, ignition or spark plugs 13'4 mounted within end plates 136 sealing the opposed ends of the cylinder 40 may be actuated by means of small actuating members 138 through the use of intermediate switches 140 which are mounted upon the exterior of the housing 30. The switches 140 are preferably connected by wires to the nearest adjacent spark plug 134 in the obvious conventional manner. Each of these switches includes a pair of resilient contact arms 142 which tend to spring apart or away from one another. As the rod 44 is caused to move pins 144 forming a part of the actuating members 138 are periodically engaged by small bumps 146 upon which the rod 44 adjacent to the piston 50 so as to cause motion of these pins away from the housing 38, bringing the end of said actuated pins 144 into engagement with the contact arms 142 so as to create a com.- plete switch action causing current to fiow to the corresponding spark plug 134.

The construction of the actuating members 138 is essentially very simple. Each of these actuating members is located with a threaded opening 148 in the housing 30. so

that tube-like exterior parts 150 extend into the interior of the cylinder 32. End caps 152 provided with externally located apertures are mounted upon the parts 150 so that the pins 144 are movably held within these apertures and preferably various sealing means are provided upon theseend caps adjacent to the pins 144 so as to prevent leakage. Conventional coil springs 154 are provided within the parts 150 so as to normally urge the pins 144 to a position in which the contact arms 142 are released and in which these pins may readily engage the bumps 146.

As soon as the combined pump and engine 12 begins to operate under its own power the starter motor 20' is switched ofl by means of conventional switches and the handle 96 is moved so as to turn the second control member 92 as illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawing. At.

this point the pipes 66 are connected together by means of the

passage

116 and 122 previously described and by means of another passage 156 within the second control member 92 as illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings. It will be realized that when this is done both of the ends 34 and 36 of the cylinder 32 are connected to one another so that the combined engine and pump 12 in effect does no useful work and is in an idle position.

When it is desired to start the complete power generator as in the performance of useful work, the handle 100 is turned so as to rotate the first control member 86 as illustrated in either Figs. 4 or 5 in the drawings in order to place the pipe 70 in communication with either of the pipes 72 by means of a further passage 158 located in the first control member 86. The direction of the rotation of this first control member 86 will determine the direction of rotation of the shaft 78 by virtue of the fact that it designates which of the nozzles 74 is operative to convey hydraulic fluid under pressure to one of the turbine wheels 80. It is possible to stop rotation of the shaft 78 by appropriate rotation of the first control member 86. It will be realized that the second control member 92 is located as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawing during rotation of the first control member 86. When the first control member is rotated so as to either stop, start or reverse the direction of rotation of the shaft 78 the passage 156 operates in such a manner that the piston 50 within the cylinder 32 will serve to continue operating. This safety feature serves to prevent breakage of the complete power generator 10.

It is considered obvious that the combined pump and engine 12 may be constructed so as to use more conventional valve structures for introducing an explosive mixture into the cylinders 40 and for removing exhaust gases from them. If the engine portions of this combined structures are operated on a diesel cycle, it is possible to dispense with the spark plugs 134. Obviously the engine portion of the combined pump and engine 12 may be modified so as not to use fuel injection and. in other manners so as to operate in various conventional manners.

On'eimportant feature of the present invention is considered to be the fact that novel lubricating means are provided for lubricating the pistons 48, regardless of what type of engine cycle the combined engine and pump structure 12 is operated upon. Such lubricating means preferably include passages 160 which are adapted to be connected by means of pipes 162 to appropriate sources of oil under pressure. These pipes 160 lead to internal grooves 164 located Within the openings 42 so as to surround the rod 44. Further passages 166 are provided within the rod 44 leading to the periphery of the pistons 48. By virtue of this construction lubricant under pressure may be caused to flow in the area between the pistons 48 and the cylinders 40 for the obvious purpose. If it is desired to circulate such lubricant further passages 160' and further pipes 162' may be provided for periodically removing the same by a pumping action in such a manner that these further passages and pipes are also 7 connected to the grooves 164. It is possible to provide a power generator 10 in which the lubricant is the same hydraulic fluid used within this complete structure.

Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains will realize that the complete power generator '10 can be manufactured so as to be a highly efficient device for the purpose intended. They will virtually realize that the operation of the internal combustion engine portion of this device does not interfere with the operation of the pumping portions of the device, and that the internal cornbustion engine means employed are arranged and operated in such a manner as not to cause corrosion of the rod 44 in the areas where this rod passes through the bearing openings 42. This is considered important in obtaining a structure having a comparatively long, useful life.

Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains will also realize that no specific effort has been made in this specification to describe various attaching means such as bolts etc. used to connect various parts to one another and to describe such conventional items as cooling fins or the like. They will further realize that the

pipes

66, 70, 72, 108 and 110 connected to the housing 82 of the control valve I16 are, in actuality, attached as by threads or the like to ports formed within this housing.

Because of the fact that a wide variety of difierently appearing power generators can be readily designed and manufactured which utilize the essential features and principles of this invention, the invention itself is to be considered as being limited only by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A combined engine and pump construction which comprises: means defining a pump cylinder and two engine cylinders, said pump cylinder being located between said engine cylinders, all of said cylinders being aligned with one another; means defining aligned openings leading from said pump cylinder to said engine cylinders; a rod positioned so as to extend across said pump cylinder through said openings and into each of said engine cylinders, said rod being movable along its axis, said rod fitting within said openings so as to seal said cylinders from one another; separate piston means attached to the ends of said rod within said engine cylinders and t the portion of said rod within said pump cylinder, said piston means being movable within said cylinders in accordance with the motion of said rod, said piston means within said pump cylinder being capable of motion from adjacent to one end of the pump cylinder to adjacent of said other end of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining inlet ports leading into each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining outlet ports leading from each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means for introducing an explosive mixture into each of said engine cylinders; means for removing exhaust gases from each of said engine cylinders; reciprocating pump means for use in starting said combined engine and pump construction; a separate valve member connected to said outlet ports and to said reciprocating pump means; and discharge means attached to said separate valve member, said separate valve member being capable of being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said discharge means during operation of said combined engine and pump construction and being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said reciprocating pump means during starting of said pump and engine.

2. A combined engine and pump construction which comprises: means defining a pump cylinder and two engine cylinders, said pump cylinder being located between said engine cylinders, all of said cylinders being aligned with one another; means defining aligned openings leading from said pump cylinder to said engine cylinders; a rod positioned so as to extend across said pump cylinder through said openings and into each of said end cylinders, said rod being movable along its axis, said rod fitting within said openings so as to seal said cylinders from one another; separate piston means attached to the ends of said rod within said engine cylinders and to the portion of said rod within said pump cylinder, said piston means being movable within said cylinders in accordance with the motion of said rod, said piston means within said pump cylinder being capable of motion from adjacent to one end of the pump cylinder to adjacent of said other end or" said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining inlet ports leading into each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining outlet ports leading from each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means for introducing an explosive mixture into each of said engine cylinders; means for removing exhaust gases from each of said engine cylinders; reciprocating pump means for use in starting said combined engine and pump construction; a separate valve member connected to said outlet ports and to said reciprocating pump means; and discharge means attached to said separate valve member, said separate valve member being capable of being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said discharge means during operation of said combined engine and pump construction and being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said reciprocating pump means during starting of said pump and engine; turbine means connected to said discharge means; and means connecting said turbine means with said inlet ports whereby spent fluid from said turbine means are conveyed into said pump cylinders, part of said turbine means serving as a reservoir for fluid.

3. A combined engine and pump construction which comprises: means defining a pump cylinder and two engine cylinders, said pump cylinder being located between said engine cylinders, all of said cylinders being aligned with one another; means defining aligned openings leading from said pump cylinder to said engine cylinders; a rod positioned so as to extend across said pump cylinder through said openings and into each of said end cylinders, said rod being movable along its axis, said rod fitting within said openings so as to seal said cylinders from one another; separate piston means attached to the ends of said rod within said engine cylinders and to the portion of said rod within said pump cylinder, said piston means being movable within said cylinders in accordance with the motion of said rod, said piston means within said pump cylinder being capable of motion from adjacent to one end of the pump cylinder to adjacent of said other end of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining inlet ports leading into each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining outlet ports leading from each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means for introducing an explosive mixture into each of said engine cylinders; means for removing exhaust gases from each of said engine cylinders: reciprocating pump means for use in starting said combined engine and pump construction; a separate valve member connected to said outlet ports and to said reciprocating pump means; and discharge means attached to said separate valve member, said separate valve member being capable of being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said discharge means during operation of said combined engine and pump construction and being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said reciprocating pump means during starting of said pump and engine; turbine means connected to said discharge means; and means connecting said turbine means with said inlet ports whereby spent fluid from said turbine means are conveyed into said pump cylinders, part of said turbine means serving as a reservoir for fluid; ignition means located Within said engine cylinder; actuating means located so as to project into said pump cylinders; means formed on said rod within said pump cylinder for engaging said actuating means; and switch means operatively connected to said ignition means located on the outside of said pump cylinder adjacent to said actuating means so as to be capable of being actuated thereby during movement of said rod.

4. A combined engine and pump construction which comprises; means defining a pump cylinder and two engine cylinders, said pump cylinder being located between said engine cylinders, all of said cylinders being aligned with one another; means defining aligned openings leading from said pump cylinder to said engine cylinders; a rod positioned so as to extend across said pump cylinder through said openings and into each of said end cylinders, said rod being movable along its axis, said rod fitting Within said openings so as to seal said cylinders from one another; separate piston means attached to the ends of said rod within said engine cylinders and to the portion of said rod within said pump cylinder, said piston means being movable within said cylinders in accordance with the motion of said rod, said piston means within said pump cylinder being capable of motion from adjacent to one end of the pump cylinder to adjacent of said other end of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining inlet ports leading into each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means including valve means defining outlet ports leading from each of said ends of said pump cylinder; means for introducing an explosive mixture into each of said engine cylinders; means for removing exhaust gases from each of said engine cylinders; reciprocating pump means for use in starting said combined engine and pump construction; a separate valve member connected to said outlet ports and to said reciprocating pump means; and discharge means attached to said separate valve member, said separate valve member being capable of being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said discharge means during operation of said combined engine and pump construction and being actuated so as to connect said outlet ports to said reciprocating pump means during starting of said pump and engine; turbine means connected to said discharge means; and means connecting said turbine means with said inlet ports whereby spent fluid from said turbine means are conveyed into said pump cylinders, part of said turbine means serving as a reservoir for fluid; ignition means located within said engine cylinder; actuating means located so as to project into said pump cylinders; means formed on said rod within said pump cylinder for engaging said actuating means; and switch means operatively connected to said ignition means located on the outside of said pump cylinder adjacent to said actuating means so as to be capable of being actuated thereby during movement of said rod; groove means located around said rod within said openings; means for conveying lubricant to said groove means; and passage means formed with said rod and said piston means within said engine cylinder, said passage means terminating in openings located on said piston means so as to face the walls of said engine cylinders whereby said piston means are capable of being lubricated by lubricant passing through said means for conveying of lubricant to said groove means and thence said passage means to within said engine cylinders.

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