US2913812A - Manufacture of sintered cathodes - Google Patents

Manufacture of sintered cathodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2913812A
US2913812A US515256A US51525655A US2913812A US 2913812 A US2913812 A US 2913812A US 515256 A US515256 A US 515256A US 51525655 A US51525655 A US 51525655A US 2913812 A US2913812 A US 2913812A
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Prior art keywords
composition
emissive
tablet
thickness
layer
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US515256A
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Huber Harry
Freytag Jean
Reynaud Jean
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
    • H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12042—Porous component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1266—O, S, or organic compound in metal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/1284—W-base component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process of manufacture of the emissive part of sintered cathodes.
  • Both methods have the disadvantage that they do not always permit obtaining the desired porosity, while the second method also has the disadvantage of poisoning the cathode with the burnt gases entrained by the metallic particles.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide tablets for sintered cathodes obtained by means of the above process.
  • the process of the invention comprises in combination the following operations: mixing the constituents of a barium emissive composition in the fine powder state; compressing the obtained mixture under high pressure in a mold for shaping the tablet; providing a superficial layer of refractory metal in the form of a fine powder on the tablet thus obtained; again compressing the tablet, sintering and machining the same.
  • This cathode is obtained in the following manner:
  • Barium tungstate (3BaO+WO aluminum and tung sten powders are mixed and ground for several hours to form an intimate mixture, the molecular proportions being as follows: 5(3BaO+WO +l5Al+8OW.
  • the size of the grains of the final mixture is between 1 and 30 microns.
  • a cavity portion of a mold 1 is filled with this mixture so as to provide an emissive layer 2 about 2 mm. thick.
  • This emissive mixture is highly compressed in the mold by means of a press capable of providing a pressure of between 1 and 30 metric tons/cm.
  • This emissive mixture is covered with a layer 4 of tungsten powder about 100 i thick and the whole is once more highly compressed by means of a press capable of exerting pressures between 1 and 30 metric tons/cmP.
  • the tungsten powder layer is a fraction, namely about .05, of the emissive layer which is about two millimeters thick.
  • the cathode thus obtained is sintered in an argon atmosphere at a temperature between 2.400 F. and 3,272 F. for a period ranging from 3 hours to 5 minutes.
  • the mold is thereafter cut along the plane 5-5 and 2,913,812 Patented Nov. 24, 1959 ice the portion 6 of the metallic powder coating 4, disposed above the plane 55, is ground off.
  • the surface 5-5 is perfectly polished and planed.
  • a cathode is thus obtained which is built up by a mold 1 containing a quantity 2 of an emissive substance, which has a thickness of about 1 to 2 mm. and is covered with a film 7 of compressed metallic powder, having a thickness of 10 10 20 1,.
  • the porosity of the coating of metallic powder is intimately related to the intensity of the pressure to which it has been subjected. This pressure is therefore selected so as to obtain the desired porosity for the application intended.
  • the invention is not to be limited to the illustrative mode of carrying out the same nor to the indicated bodies, or pressure magnitudes and baking characteristics.
  • the metal selected for the coating will depend essentially on the constitution of the barium emissive mixture. It is to be understood that the composition of the latter, given above, is in no way characteristic of the invention, which is primarily concerned with the method of obtaining the metallic coating 7. Further, the mold of the cathode may have any shape, suitable for the particular application, other than the one shown.
  • a method of manufacturing a tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode for electron discharge tubes comprising the steps of filling a container with a barium emissive composition in powder state; initially compressing said composition; covering said initially compressed composition with a superficial layer of a refractory metallic powder having a thickness which is a fraction, about .05, of that of said initially compressed composition; thereafter pressing said metallic powder onto said initially compressed composition to form a porous tablet and sintering said tablet at high temperature.
  • the method of manufacturing a tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode for electron discharge tubes comprising the steps of filling a container with a barium emissive composition in powder state; initially compressing said composition; covering said initially compressed composition with a superficial layer of a refractory metallic powder having a thickness which is a fraction of that of said initially compressed composition; thereafter exerting a pressure on said layer for pressing said metallic powder onto said initially compressed composition to form a porous tablet having a metal layer covering said emissive composition; controlling said pressure to determine the porosity of said metal layer; sintering said tablet at a high temperature; and removing the top part of said layer and planing and polishing the top surface of the remaining part of said layer to leave a portion of said metal layer as a film about ten to twenty microns in thickness covering said emissive composition.
  • a tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode comprising a metallic surface layer obtained by the method of claim 2, said emissive composition having a thickness of about one to two millimeters and said film having a thickness of about ten to twenty microns.

Description

Nov. 24, 1959 H. HUBER ETAL 2,913,312
MANUFACTURE OF 'SINTERED CATHODES Filed June 15, 1955 l my 2,913,812 MANUFACTURE OF SINTERED CATHODES Harry Huber, Jean Freytag, and Jean Reynaud, Paris, France, assignors to Compagnie Generale de Telegraphic Sans Fil, a corporation of France The present invention relates to a process of manufacture of the emissive part of sintered cathodes.
It is known to cover the emissive portion of cathodes of certain types either with a bunch of fine metallic wires or with a coating obtained by projecting thereon, by means of a Shoop gun, metallic particles in suspension in a liquid which is subsequently volatilized.
Both methods have the disadvantage that they do not always permit obtaining the desired porosity, while the second method also has the disadvantage of poisoning the cathode with the burnt gases entrained by the metallic particles.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacture of emissive tablets for sintered cathodes, i.e. those obtained by compression and sintering of a mixture of emissive powders, this process having none of the above-mentioned disadvantages. Another object of the invention is to provide tablets for sintered cathodes obtained by means of the above process.
The process of the invention comprises in combination the following operations: mixing the constituents of a barium emissive composition in the fine powder state; compressing the obtained mixture under high pressure in a mold for shaping the tablet; providing a superficial layer of refractory metal in the form of a fine powder on the tablet thus obtained; again compressing the tablet, sintering and machining the same.
Further features and advantages of the invention will appear from the ensuing description which is given merely by way of example. 4.5
Reference will be had in this respect to the accompanying drawing in which a cathode embodying the invention has been diagrammatically illustrated in longitudinal section.
This cathode is obtained in the following manner:
Barium tungstate (3BaO+WO aluminum and tung sten powders are mixed and ground for several hours to form an intimate mixture, the molecular proportions being as follows: 5(3BaO+WO +l5Al+8OW.
The size of the grains of the final mixture is between 1 and 30 microns. A cavity portion of a mold 1 is filled with this mixture so as to provide an emissive layer 2 about 2 mm. thick. This emissive mixture is highly compressed in the mold by means of a press capable of providing a pressure of between 1 and 30 metric tons/cm.
This emissive mixture is covered with a layer 4 of tungsten powder about 100 i thick and the whole is once more highly compressed by means of a press capable of exerting pressures between 1 and 30 metric tons/cmP.
Thus, the tungsten powder layer is a fraction, namely about .05, of the emissive layer which is about two millimeters thick.
The cathode thus obtained is sintered in an argon atmosphere at a temperature between 2.400 F. and 3,272 F. for a period ranging from 3 hours to 5 minutes.
The mold is thereafter cut along the plane 5-5 and 2,913,812 Patented Nov. 24, 1959 ice the portion 6 of the metallic powder coating 4, disposed above the plane 55, is ground off. The surface 5-5 is perfectly polished and planed. A cathode is thus obtained which is built up by a mold 1 containing a quantity 2 of an emissive substance, which has a thickness of about 1 to 2 mm. and is covered with a film 7 of compressed metallic powder, having a thickness of 10 10 20 1,.
The porosity of the coating of metallic powder is intimately related to the intensity of the pressure to which it has been subjected. This pressure is therefore selected so as to obtain the desired porosity for the application intended.
The invention is not to be limited to the illustrative mode of carrying out the same nor to the indicated bodies, or pressure magnitudes and baking characteristics. The metal selected for the coating will depend essentially on the constitution of the barium emissive mixture. It is to be understood that the composition of the latter, given above, is in no way characteristic of the invention, which is primarily concerned with the method of obtaining the metallic coating 7. Further, the mold of the cathode may have any shape, suitable for the particular application, other than the one shown.
We claim:
1. In a method of manufacturing a tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode for electron discharge tubes, comprising the steps of filling a container with a barium emissive composition in powder state; initially compressing said composition; covering said initially compressed composition with a superficial layer of a refractory metallic powder having a thickness which is a fraction, about .05, of that of said initially compressed composition; thereafter pressing said metallic powder onto said initially compressed composition to form a porous tablet and sintering said tablet at high temperature.
2. The method of manufacturing a tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode for electron discharge tubes, comprising the steps of filling a container with a barium emissive composition in powder state; initially compressing said composition; covering said initially compressed composition with a superficial layer of a refractory metallic powder having a thickness which is a fraction of that of said initially compressed composition; thereafter exerting a pressure on said layer for pressing said metallic powder onto said initially compressed composition to form a porous tablet having a metal layer covering said emissive composition; controlling said pressure to determine the porosity of said metal layer; sintering said tablet at a high temperature; and removing the top part of said layer and planing and polishing the top surface of the remaining part of said layer to leave a portion of said metal layer as a film about ten to twenty microns in thickness covering said emissive composition.
3. A tablet to be used as emissive portion of a sintered cathode, comprising a metallic surface layer obtained by the method of claim 2, said emissive composition having a thickness of about one to two millimeters and said film having a thickness of about ten to twenty microns.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,883,898' Halliwell Oct. 25, 1932 2,399,773 Waintrob May 7, 1946 2,462,906 Sauerborn Mar. 1, 1949 2,520,760 Gallet et al Aug. 29, 1950 2,543,439 Coomes et al. Feb. 27, 1951 2,673,277 Lemmens et al. Mar. 23, 1954 2,722,626 Coppola et al. Nov. 1, 1955

Claims (2)

  1. 2. THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A TABLET TO BE USED AS EMISSIVE PORTION OF A SINTERED CATHODE FOR ELECTRON DISCHARGE TUBES, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF FILLING A CONTAINER WITH A BARIUM EMISSIVE COMPOSITION IN POWDER STATE; INITIALLY COMPRESSING SAID COMPOSITION; COVERING SAID INITIALLY COMPRESSED COMPOSITION WITH A SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF A REFRACTORY METALLIC POWDER HAVING A THICKNESS WHICH IS A FRACTION OF THAT OF SAID INITIALLY COMPRESSED COMPOSITION; THEREAFTER EXERTING A PRESSURE ON SAID LAYER FOR PRESSING SAID METALLIC POWDER ONTO SAID INITIALLY COMPRESSED COMPOSITION TO FORM A POROUS TABLET HAVING A METAL LAYER COVERING SAID EMISSIVE COMPOSITION; CONTROLLING SAID PRESSURE TO DETERMINE THE POROSITY OF SAID METAL LAYER; SINTER-
  2. 3. A TABLET TO BE USED AS EMISSIVE PORTION OF A SINTERED CATHODE, COMPRISING A METALLIC SURFACE LAYER OBTAINED BY THE METHOD OF CLAIM 2, SAID EMISSIVE COMPOSITION HAVING A THICKNESS OF ABOUT ONE TO TWO MILLIMETERS AND SAID FILM HAVING A THICKNESS OF ABOUT TEN TO TWENTY MICRONS.
US515256A 1954-06-16 1955-06-13 Manufacture of sintered cathodes Expired - Lifetime US2913812A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240633A (en) * 1962-06-04 1966-03-15 Hooker Chemical Corp Method of forming phosphate coating on zinc
WO1989009480A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-10-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Expandable dispenser cathode

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3600480A1 (en) * 1986-01-10 1987-07-16 Licentia Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING A POROUS PRESSURE
DE4114856A1 (en) * 1991-05-07 1992-11-12 Licentia Gmbh STOCK CATHODE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883898A (en) * 1928-12-14 1932-10-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermionic cathode
US2399773A (en) * 1943-09-02 1946-05-07 Sidney J Waintrob Method of making electrical rectifiers and the like
US2462906A (en) * 1943-05-01 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Manufacture of metal contact rectifiers
US2520760A (en) * 1946-03-05 1950-08-29 Csf Method of producing cathodes for electronic tubes
US2543439A (en) * 1945-05-02 1951-02-27 Edward A Coomes Method of manufacturing coated elements for electron tubes
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same
US2722626A (en) * 1953-02-16 1955-11-01 Philips Corp Thermionic cathode

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT164450B (en) * 1942-03-21 1949-11-10 Philips Nv Electron-emitting electrode for electrical discharge tubes and process for their manufacture
AT176924B (en) * 1951-03-22 1953-12-10 Philips Nv A method for producing a cathode for an electrical discharge tube which contains a supply of alkaline earth metal compounds inside and the wall of which consists at least partially of a porous body produced by pressing and sintering, and a cathode produced by this method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883898A (en) * 1928-12-14 1932-10-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermionic cathode
US2462906A (en) * 1943-05-01 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Manufacture of metal contact rectifiers
US2399773A (en) * 1943-09-02 1946-05-07 Sidney J Waintrob Method of making electrical rectifiers and the like
US2543439A (en) * 1945-05-02 1951-02-27 Edward A Coomes Method of manufacturing coated elements for electron tubes
US2520760A (en) * 1946-03-05 1950-08-29 Csf Method of producing cathodes for electronic tubes
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same
US2722626A (en) * 1953-02-16 1955-11-01 Philips Corp Thermionic cathode

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240633A (en) * 1962-06-04 1966-03-15 Hooker Chemical Corp Method of forming phosphate coating on zinc
WO1989009480A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-10-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Expandable dispenser cathode

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GB782138A (en) 1957-09-04
NL102345C (en)

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