US2911554A - Non-reciprocal wave transmission device - Google Patents
Non-reciprocal wave transmission device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2911554A US2911554A US362177A US36217753A US2911554A US 2911554 A US2911554 A US 2911554A US 362177 A US362177 A US 362177A US 36217753 A US36217753 A US 36217753A US 2911554 A US2911554 A US 2911554A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wave
- helix
- ferrite
- path
- traveling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/36—Isolators
- H01P1/365—Resonance absorption isolators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
Definitions
- This invention relates to electromagnetic wave transmission apparatus, and more particularly to devices which have non-reciprocal transmission characteristics i.e., whose transmission characteristics are difierent in the two directions of transmission possible through such de* vices.
- An important object of the invention is a novel nonreciprocal radio frequency transmission device.
- the invention provides a radio fre* quency transmission device which in one direction permits transmission therethrough with low and even negative attenuation while in the other direction it inserts high attenuation.
- this invention relates to radio frequency devices which utilize the interaction be tween a traveling electromagnetic Wave and an electron stream over a distance a plurality of operating wavelengths long to secure amplification to the traveling wave.
- Such devices are now generally termed traveling wave tubes.
- a more specific object of the present invention is to increase the gain and overall eificiency of such tubes.
- Another object of the present invention is to improve the noise figure of such tubes.
- the tube In general, if the loss in the traveling wave path in the absence of the electron stream exceeds the net forward gain at all frequencies, the tube is stable, with the following exception: if the wave interaction circuit supports spatial harmonic components, backward Wave type oscillations may be set up when the nited States Paten 2,911,554 Patented Nov. 3, 1959 beam current is high. The insertion of loss along the traveling wave path in the conventional manner will generally affect the ability to provide gain and to oscillate in the backward wave mode to about the same degree.
- specific objects of the present invention are to maintain stability and reduce long-line effects in traveling wave tubes with a minimum efiect on gain, efficiency and noise figure.
- a feature of the present invention is the use of the ferromagnetic resonance and Faraday effect in ferromagnetic substances such as ferrites, to providesubstantially unidirectional loss in a wave guiding path.
- traveling wave tubes in which amplification is achieved by interaction between an electron stream and a wave traveling in the direction of the electron stream (generally designated as the forward direction) the loss is made predominant in the backward direction.
- the loss is made predominant in the forward direction.
- an element of ferrite is disposed adjacent the wave interaction circuit in a region where the radio frequency waves traveling therealong have large circularly polarized magnetic components and i the state of magnetization of the ferrite is adjusted to have magnetic lines of intensity extend perpendicular to the planes of rotation of the circularly polarized magnetic
- a hollow cylinder of ferrite biased to a state of circumferential magnetization surrounds the helix for providing the desired directively selective loss.
- a wave traveling along the helix in one direction has a circularly polarized component of one sign (it will be convenient to describe as of positivesign a circular polariza'tion which rotatesclockwise when looking along a north-to-south pole biasing magnetictvector, and of negative sign a circular polarization whichrota'tescounterclockwise) and a wave traveling in the opposite direction has a circularly polarized component of opposite sign. Since in a ferrite the permeability for a radio frequency wave whose magnetic intensity is at right angles to the biasing lines of DC.
- a longitudinal magnetic field is employed to aid in focusing the electron beam, and so adyantageously a series of longitudinally spaced ferrite cylinders surrounds the helix, each biased to a circumferential state of magnetization.
- Fig. 1 shows the magnetic lines of intensity associated with a radio frequency wave propagating along a helix
- Fig. 2 shows a ferrite cylinder surrounding a helix which is biased in a circumferential direction in accordance with one aspect of the invention for introducing'nonreciprocal attenuation to waves propagating along the helix;
- Figs. 3 and 5 each show longitudinal cross sections of traveling wave tubes utilizing ferrite elements in accordarice with the invention.
- Figs. 4A though 4D illustrate various possible arrangements for achieving a circumferential magnetic field in a cylindrical ferrite element for use in the practice of the invention.
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section taken along the axis of a helically wound conductor along which is propagating a radio frequency wave. It has been discovered that the lines of magnetic intensity associated with the propagating wave areloops which lie almost entirely in radial planes taken along the helix axis. Here in the interest of simplicity, the loops of magnetic intensity are shown as lying entirely in the radial plane which is also the plane of the paper. At points surrounding the helix, the magnetic intensity has components which are elliptically polarized. It is found that although the ellipticity becomes more circular with increasing distance from the helix, the magnetic intensity'falls off with increasing distance from the helix.
- the ferrite material in the practice of the invention, it is advantageous to locate the ferrite material both in a region of high magnetic intensity and in a region of circular polarization.
- the direction of the rotation of the circularly polarized magnetic intensity depends on the direction of wave propagation, being reversed for the different directions of wave propagation. For example, as shown, in the region surrounding the helix the rotation is counter-clockwise for a wave traveling from left to right and clockwise for a wave traveling from right'to left, while in the region enclosed by the helix the converse is true.
- a helical conductor 11 is shown surrounded by a hollow cylinder of ferrite 12 whose state of magnetization is circumferential, as is shown, with magnetic lines of intensity lying in transverse planes, perpendicular to the radial planes through the helix axis where the radio frequency magnetic lines have large circularly polarized components.
- the attenuation for a radio frequency wave whose magnetic intensity is circularly polarized in a plane at right angles to that of the biasing magnetic intensity will vary with the direction of the rotation of the circular polarization.
- the non-reciprocal nature of the attenuation is enhanced. It is in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention applicable to helical wave guiding circuits to magnetize the ferrite to have magnetic lines of intensity in planes perpendicular to the helix axis. By having the lines-of magnetic intensity in the ferrite circumferential and concentric with the helix axis, this condition on perpendicularity is satisfied in all the radial planes. In tests which have been conducted utilizing a ferrite cylinder having the composition Ni Zn Fe O considerable non-reciprocal attenuation effects have been achieved with a circumferential applied magnetic field of ten to twenty oersteds.
- the invention provides an isolator which makes of a helical conductor a substantially non-reciprocal transmission element.
- a non-reciprocal helix transmission element has applications outside the field of traveling wave tubes.
- it can be inserted serially in any appropriate transmission path to providenon-reciprocal transmission characteristics to the path.
- the helix can be inserted in a coaxial transmission line, the helix being formed as a continuation of the inner conductor of the line to provide non-reciprocal attenuation characteristics to the line.
- this is essentially what is 'done in the traveling wave tube shown in Fig. 3.
- an electron stream is simultaneously projected past the helix to provide a negative attenuation in a preferred direction.
- the helix can be inserted serially between two wave guides as is characteristic of the traveling wave tube shown in Fig. 5.
- the helix type traveling wave tube shown schematically in Fig. 3 is provided with loss which is non-reciprocal in accordance with the principles set forth above.
- the various tube elements are housed in a glass envelope 20.
- the source of the electron beam which has been shown simply here as an electron-emissive cathode 21.
- a target electrode 22 At the opposite end of the envelope there is positioned a target electrode 22 for collecting the spent electrons.
- the helical conductor 23 Disposed along the path of electron flow is the helical conductor 23 which serves as the wave interaction circuit for propagating a slow electromagnetic wave in field coupling relation with the electron flow.
- input waves are supplied by the coaxial line 24 which is coupled to the input end of the helix.
- the conductor which forms the helix is extended through the tube envelope and makes electrical contact with the inner conductor 24A of the coaxial line.
- the outer conductor 24B of the coaxial line advantageously is flared out at its end to form a .collar which surrounds a portion of the tube envelope.
- the outer conductor 2413 could be made integral with a metallic shield surrounding the tube envelope.
- the amplified waves are supplied to a coaxial line 26.
- the coupling connection here is similarto that at the input end, the inner conductor 26A of the coaxial line being connected to the conductor whichforms the helix by way of a tapered impedance matching section 27 of helix and the outer conductor 26B of the coaxial line being formed into a collar which surrounds a portion of the helix envelope, and which alternatively could be made integral with a metallic shield surrounding the tube envelope.
- a feature of the present invention is an arrangement for introducing loss into the wave guiding path of the tube which aifects waves traveling from the output end of the helix to the input end considerably more than waves traveling from the input to the output ends of the helix. It is generally desirable to have a difference of at least forty decibels between the two directions of transmission.
- a succession of hollow ferrite cylinders or rings 29 are disposed around the tube envelope, each in a state of circumferential magnetization as described above. It is desirable to utilize a spaced succession of cylinders, as shown, instead of a single extended cylinder where there is employed a longitudinal magnetic field for beam focusing as is done here. In this way, the succession of non-magnetic gaps 30 between ferrite cylinders serves to keep the reluctance of the path through the succession of cylinders high to the longitudinal magnetic field. This is advantageous for minimizing the disturbance both on the axial magnetic field in the region of electron flow and on the circumferential magnetic field in the ferrite cylinders.
- the gaps 30 may be advantageous to fill the gaps 30 with a suitable non-magnetic material so that the succession of ferrite cylinders can be integrated into a single unit. It is also advantageous for minimizing reflection effects to taper the outer diameters of the end ferrite cylinders as shown.
- the cylinders are permanently magnetized. If the amount of intrinsic permanent magnetization of the ferrite material is insufficient, it may be desirable to mix the desired ferrite material with a magnetic material of high retentivity and the mixture given the biasing permanent magnetic intensity necessary for operation close to ferromagnetic resonance where the non-reciprocal attenuation property is appreciable.
- the cylinder can be formed of laminated layers of ferrite and a permanent magnet material. Along these same lines it may be desirable to use large compressive forces to permanently magnetize the ferrite to the desired value.
- a biasing electromagnetic coil In Fig. 4A there is shown a ferrite cylinder 40 about which is wound a biasing coil 41 which, when energized, provides a circumferential magnetic field around the ferrite cylinder surrounding the helix.
- FIG. 4B Another arrangement for providing the desired biasing magnetic field is shown in Fig. 4B.
- a D.-C. energizing current is supplied to a conductor 50 passing axially through the ferrite cylinder 51.
- the conductor may be the helix itself, as shown, or simply a straight conductor.
- FIG. 40 Another arrangement is shown in Fig. 40.
- the permanent magnet 70 is combined with a sector of ferrite 71 to form a closed loop surrounding the helix 71A.
- Fig. 4D Still another expedient which can be used advantageously to make the use of circumferentially magnetized ferrite elements compatible with the use of an axial magnetic field for focusing is illustrated in Fig. 4D.
- the ferrite element is formed as a helix 72 coaxial with the helical interaction circuit 73. Then, the focusing axial magnetic field in following the helical path of the ferrite becomes transformed into a helical magnetic field which has a circumferential component at right angles to the planes of rotation of the circularly polarized components of the radio frequency fields associated with the helical interaction circuit.
- the sense of the winding of the ferrite helix determines the direction of induced magnetic flux and accordingly provides another parameter that can be used advantageously in fixing the direction of high loss.
- the ferrite elements can be inserted within the region bounded by the helical conductor for acting on the magnetic field therein for achieving the desired non-reciprocal attenuation characteristics.
- a traveling wave tube incorporating such focusing principles which has been adapted to the principles of the present invention.
- the traveling wave tube in conventional fashion comprises an evacuated glass envelope 60, housing at opposite ends a source of electrons 61 and a target 62 therefor, and a helical conductor 63 disposed along the path of electron flow for forming the wave interaction circuit.
- Input waves to be amplified are applied from an input wave guide connection 64 coupled to one end of the helical conductor 63 and output 'waves are abstracted from the opposite end into an output wave guide connection 65.
- the periodically varying magnetic field for focusing the beam is achieved by a suitable permanent magnetic structure of which a typical form is here illustrated.
- a succession of annular elements 66 of a magnetic material, having a permeability higher than that of the ferrites to be used for achieving the non-reciprocal attenuation characteris tics, such as soft iron, is disposed around the tube envelope, spaced apart therealong for forming a succession of gaps 67 adjacent the path of flow.
- Each annular element 66 has a flange-like portion 66A extending laterally away from the path of flow and a ring-like portion 66B extending longitudinally in the direction of flow.
- the inner surface of the ring-like portion 66B is provided with an annular gap wherein is positioned an annular ferrite element 68 of the kind described above, i.e., biased to a circumferential state of magnetization for providing nonreciprocal attenuat1on characteristics to electromagnetic waves traveling along the helical conductor.
- the successive magnetic elements 66 serve as pole pieces, adjacent elements being oppositely poled.
- cylindrical annular permanent magnets 69 magnetized in an axial direction are bridged between the ends, remote from the path of flow, of the flange-like portions 66A of adjacent magnetic elements 66.
- the orientation of the poles of successive permanent magnets 69 is reversed as shown in order to polarize adjacent magnetic elements 66 oppositely.
- a succession of regions of longitudinal magnetic field, adjacent the gap regions 67 is set up along the path of flow,.the direction of this field reversing with successive regions.
- the electron stream can be focused by such a periodically varying magnetic field as is described in detail in the aforementioned Pierce application.
- a wave interaction circuit comprising a helix for propagating electromagnetic waves, means for forming an electron stream for flow past said helix and a cylindrical ferrite element surrounding and coaxial with the helix, and means providing in the ferrite elementasteady magnetic field in a circumferential direction surroundingthe electron stream.
- first and second wave guiding means means including a helical conductor'for forming a slow wave path between said first and second means, and means for making said slow wave path nonreciprocal in its propagation characteristics comprising-a gyromagnetic element surrounding the helical conductor, and means for providing a steady magnetic field-through the gyromagnetic element in a circumferential direction surrounding the helical conductor.
- a device which utilizes the interaction between a traveling electromagnetic wave and an electron stream, means forming a slow wave path, means for forming an electron stream for fiow past said slow'wave path, an input connection for introducing an electromagnetic wave to be amplified into said wave path, an output connection for abstracting the amplified electromagnetic wave'from said path, and a ferrite element extending along said path in a region of circular polarization of'the magnetic field of electromagnetic waves traveling along said wave path, and means for establishing in the ferrite element a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the circularly polarized magnetic field components of said electromagnetic waves whereby the slow wave path exhibits non-reciprocal attenuation.
- a device which utilizes the interaction between a traveling electromagnetic wave and an electron stream, means forming a slow wave path, means forming an electron stream for flow past said slow wavepath, an input connection for introducing an electromagnetic wave to be amplified in the same slow wave path, an output connection for abstracting the amplifiedelectromagnetic wave from the wave path, and a gyromagnetic element extending along the wave path and positioned in a region where there are strong components ofccircularly polarized magnetic field, and means forming a steady magnetic field in the gyromagnetic element. perpendicular to'the planes of rotation of the strong components of the circularly polarized magnetic field of the traveling electromagnetic wave whereby the slow wave path exhibits non-reciprocal attenuation.
- a device which utilizes the interaction between a traveling backward wave and an electron stream, means forming an electron stream, means forming an extended slow wave path along the path of flow of the electron stream for propagating backward traveling electromagnetic waves in coupling relation with the electron stream, a gyromagnetic element positioned along said slow wave path in a region characterized by circularly polarized magnetic field components of waves propagating along the slow wave path, and means forming a steady magnetic field at right angles to theplanes of rotation of the circularly polarized magnetic field components of the waves traveling along said slow wave path whereby the slow wave path exhibits non-reciprocal attenuation characteristics.
- means forming an electron stream means forming an electron stream, a helical conductor disposed along the path of flow of saidstream for propagating waves in coupling relation therewith, a plurality of magnetic elements spaced apart along the path of flow and surrounding the helix for forming along the path of flow a spatially alternating longitudinal magnetic field, a plurality of ferrite cylinders spaced apart along the path of flow surrounding the helix and adjacent said magnetic elements, and means for biasing said magnetic elements in a circumferential direction surrounding the electron beam to a state of circumferential magnetization.
- a traveling wave tube means including a helical conductor for forming a slow wave circuit for propagating a traveling wave, means for forming an electron stream for flow past said helical conductor for interacting with said slow wave, means establishing a steady longitudinal magnetic field for focusing the beam in its path of travel past the helical conductor, and means comprising a helical element of gyromagnetic material positioned coaxial and coextensive with said helical conductor in the region of longitudinal magnetic field for making said slow wave circuit non-reciprocal in its propagation characteristics.
- a traveling wave tube means including a helical conductor for forming a slow wave circuit for propagating an electromagnetic wave, means for forming an electron stream for flow past said circuit, a helical ferrite element coaxially surrounding the helical conductor, and means establishing a steady longitudinal magnetic field for focus mg the stream in its path of travelpast the helical conductor and for magnetizing in a circumferential direction said helical ferrite element to a steady value such that the slow wave circuit is non-reciprocal.
- means forming an electron stream means forming an electron stream, a conductive helix positioned along the path of. flow of said stream for providing a slow wave path for propagating a traveling wave in coupling relation with the electron stream, a helical ferrite element positioned coextensive and coaxial with said helix, and means for establishing a steady magnetic field along said helical ferrite element, whereby the conductive helix exhibits nonreciprocal attenuation characteristics.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NLAANVRAGE7920035,A NL187895B (nl) | 1953-06-17 | Inrichting voor het ontinkten van vezelstofsuspensies. | |
US362310A US2849642A (en) | 1953-06-17 | 1953-06-17 | Traveling wave amplifier |
US362177A US2911554A (en) | 1953-06-17 | 1953-06-17 | Non-reciprocal wave transmission device |
FR1097383D FR1097383A (fr) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-03-25 | Tube à onde progressive |
DEW13774A DE961109C (de) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-04-22 | Wanderfeldroehrenanordnung mit richtungsabhaengiger Daempfung |
NL187895A NL89709C (nl) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-05-26 | Inrichting bevattende een lopende-golfbuis met een schroeflijnvormige vertragingsgeleider en een orgaan voor niet-reelproke demping |
GB16939/54A GB750208A (en) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-06-09 | Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic wave devices such as travelling wave tubes |
BE529575D BE529575A (fr) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-06-12 | Tube à onde progressive |
CH331669D CH331669A (fr) | 1953-06-17 | 1954-06-17 | Tube à onde progressive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US362177A US2911554A (en) | 1953-06-17 | 1953-06-17 | Non-reciprocal wave transmission device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2911554A true US2911554A (en) | 1959-11-03 |
Family
ID=23424988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US362177A Expired - Lifetime US2911554A (en) | 1953-06-17 | 1953-06-17 | Non-reciprocal wave transmission device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2911554A (de) |
BE (1) | BE529575A (de) |
CH (1) | CH331669A (de) |
DE (1) | DE961109C (de) |
NL (2) | NL89709C (de) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2956246A (en) * | 1957-07-08 | 1960-10-11 | Sperry Rand Corp | Microwave unilateral transducer |
US2994841A (en) * | 1959-05-28 | 1961-08-01 | Gen Precision Inc | High-speed microwave modulator |
US3015787A (en) * | 1957-12-02 | 1962-01-02 | Philips Corp | Waveguide circulator |
US3106659A (en) * | 1959-03-24 | 1963-10-08 | Kearfott Company Inc | Microwave tube construction |
US3110839A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1963-11-12 | Varian Associates | Traveling wave tube |
US3119074A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-01-21 | Rca Corp | Traveling wave semiconductor amplifier and converter |
US3200353A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1965-08-10 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Microwave structure utilizing ferrite coupling means |
US3324426A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1967-06-06 | Brueckmann Helmut | Variable impedance transmission line |
US3328619A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-06-27 | Gen Electric | Aiding magnets for minimizing length of reversal zone |
US3357096A (en) * | 1964-09-30 | 1967-12-12 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a tube for the bundled guidance of an electron beam |
US3371294A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1968-02-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Lumped constant delay line |
US3373389A (en) * | 1965-02-19 | 1968-03-12 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Magnetic field straightener |
US3423741A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-01-21 | Ibm | Memory addresser in a microwave readout system |
US3452212A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-06-24 | Ibm | Microwave logic system |
EP0141833A1 (de) * | 1983-05-05 | 1985-05-22 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Übertragungslinien |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064126B (de) * | 1954-07-24 | 1959-08-27 | Telefunken Gmbh | Wendelleitung mit richtungsabhaengiger Daempfung |
DE1055624B (de) * | 1958-04-24 | 1959-04-23 | Dr Rer Nat Hans Severin | Magnetisch veraenderbarer ? fuer koaxiale Leitungen |
US3071740A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1963-01-01 | Raytheon Co | Non-reciprocal tem device |
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US2188579A (en) * | 1933-05-27 | 1940-01-30 | Loewe Radio Inc | Cathode ray tube, more particularly for television purposes |
US2300052A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1942-10-27 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device system |
US2305884A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1942-12-22 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron beam concentrating system |
US2602148A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2616990A (en) * | 1947-01-13 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Amplifier for centimeter waves |
US2636948A (en) * | 1946-01-11 | 1953-04-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2644930A (en) * | 1949-03-24 | 1953-07-07 | Gen Precision Lab Inc | Microwave polarization rotating device and coupling network |
US2660689A (en) * | 1947-08-01 | 1953-11-24 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Ultrahigh-frequency vacuum tube |
US2720609A (en) * | 1948-02-10 | 1955-10-11 | Csf | Progressive wave tubes |
US2798203A (en) * | 1952-04-05 | 1957-07-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Modulated electron discharge device |
US2829300A (en) * | 1951-08-15 | 1958-04-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave device |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE600011C (de) * | 1932-08-13 | 1934-07-16 | Telefunken Gmbh | Stabfoermige Leitung fuer hochfrequente Stroeme, insbesondere Antenne |
DE836816C (de) * | 1950-05-06 | 1952-04-17 | Telefunken Gmbh | Wellenleiter mit einer von der Flussrichtung abhaengigen Daempfung zur Verwendung in einem Ultrakurzwellenverstaerker |
DE841767C (de) * | 1950-08-05 | 1952-06-19 | Telefunken Gmbh | Wanderfeldverstaerkerroehre mit Wellenleitern als gesteuerten Eingangskreis und bedaempften Ausgangskreis |
-
0
- NL NLAANVRAGE7920035,A patent/NL187895B/xx unknown
-
1953
- 1953-06-17 US US362177A patent/US2911554A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1954
- 1954-04-22 DE DEW13774A patent/DE961109C/de not_active Expired
- 1954-05-26 NL NL187895A patent/NL89709C/xx active
- 1954-06-12 BE BE529575D patent/BE529575A/xx unknown
- 1954-06-17 CH CH331669D patent/CH331669A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2188579A (en) * | 1933-05-27 | 1940-01-30 | Loewe Radio Inc | Cathode ray tube, more particularly for television purposes |
US2300052A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1942-10-27 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device system |
US2305884A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1942-12-22 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron beam concentrating system |
US2636948A (en) * | 1946-01-11 | 1953-04-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2602148A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2616990A (en) * | 1947-01-13 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Amplifier for centimeter waves |
US2660689A (en) * | 1947-08-01 | 1953-11-24 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Ultrahigh-frequency vacuum tube |
US2720609A (en) * | 1948-02-10 | 1955-10-11 | Csf | Progressive wave tubes |
US2644930A (en) * | 1949-03-24 | 1953-07-07 | Gen Precision Lab Inc | Microwave polarization rotating device and coupling network |
US2829300A (en) * | 1951-08-15 | 1958-04-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Traveling wave device |
US2798203A (en) * | 1952-04-05 | 1957-07-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Modulated electron discharge device |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2956246A (en) * | 1957-07-08 | 1960-10-11 | Sperry Rand Corp | Microwave unilateral transducer |
US3015787A (en) * | 1957-12-02 | 1962-01-02 | Philips Corp | Waveguide circulator |
US3106659A (en) * | 1959-03-24 | 1963-10-08 | Kearfott Company Inc | Microwave tube construction |
US2994841A (en) * | 1959-05-28 | 1961-08-01 | Gen Precision Inc | High-speed microwave modulator |
US3110839A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1963-11-12 | Varian Associates | Traveling wave tube |
US3119074A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-01-21 | Rca Corp | Traveling wave semiconductor amplifier and converter |
US3200353A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1965-08-10 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Microwave structure utilizing ferrite coupling means |
US3371294A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1968-02-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Lumped constant delay line |
US3328619A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-06-27 | Gen Electric | Aiding magnets for minimizing length of reversal zone |
US3357096A (en) * | 1964-09-30 | 1967-12-12 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a tube for the bundled guidance of an electron beam |
US3324426A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1967-06-06 | Brueckmann Helmut | Variable impedance transmission line |
US3373389A (en) * | 1965-02-19 | 1968-03-12 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Magnetic field straightener |
US3423741A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-01-21 | Ibm | Memory addresser in a microwave readout system |
US3452212A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-06-24 | Ibm | Microwave logic system |
US3452340A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-06-24 | Ibm | Microwave absorption memory system |
US3452213A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-06-24 | Ibm | Microwave logic circuit |
US3461441A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-08-12 | Ibm | Ferriresonant memory system |
EP0141833A1 (de) * | 1983-05-05 | 1985-05-22 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Übertragungslinien |
EP0141833A4 (de) * | 1983-05-05 | 1985-08-20 | Commw Of Australia | Übertragungslinien. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL89709C (nl) | 1958-12-15 |
BE529575A (fr) | 1954-06-30 |
CH331669A (fr) | 1958-07-31 |
DE961109C (de) | 1957-04-04 |
NL187895B (nl) |
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