US2901813A - Textile material of regenerated cellulose containing a polyacrylamide - Google Patents
Textile material of regenerated cellulose containing a polyacrylamide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2901813A US2901813A US38732253A US2901813A US 2901813 A US2901813 A US 2901813A US 38732253 A US38732253 A US 38732253A US 2901813 A US2901813 A US 2901813A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- polymer
- viscose
- acrylamide
- regenerated cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23993—Composition of pile or adhesive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved textile material of regenerated cellulose, such as fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics and the like, which contain certain polymers of acrylamide.
- This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 266,243, filed January 12, 1952, now U.S. Patent No. 2,858,185, granted October 28, 195 8, which discloses the production of regenerated cellulose fibers containing such polymers of acrylamide and claims the treatment with formaldehyde of the regenerated cellulose fibers and fabrics made therefrom which contain such polymers of acrylamide.
- the fibers containing the polymers of acrylamide have improved properties. Particularly important are the re duction in wet elongation, and sometimes of the dry elongation of the regenerated cellulose fibers, and the increase in stillness of such fibers without embrittlement thereof. In some cases, there is an appreciable reduction of Water-retention. These improved properties of the fibers and filaments impart to yarns and fabrics made from such regenerated cellulose filaments a fuller and crisper hand or feel as compared to regenerated cellulose yarns and fabrics which contain no polymers of acrylamide.
- the improved textile materials are produced by incorporating into the cellulosic spinning solution, such as cuprammonium cellulose solution or viscose, a polymer of an acrylamide as defined hereinbelow, at least 30% by weight of the monomeric units of which contain amide groups, extruding the spinning solution into a coagulating and/or regenerating bath, passing the coagulated and/ or regenerated filament structures through customary purification procedures and drying.
- the purification treatments may be those usual for the particular spinning system. For example, when spinning viscose containing the polymer of an acrylamide, the filaments after coagulation or during coagulation are regenerated, such as in a dilute-sulfuric acid bath, stretching being performed in conventional manner either during or after coagulation.
- the subsequent treatment may involve washing, desulfurization, rinsing, bleaching, rinsing, applying a soft finish and then drying.
- the usual after-treatment system may be applied after coagulation, regeneration and stretching.
- the drying may be eifected in the normal manner, such as by passage through a tunnel drier in which heated air at about 140 F. is supplied. However, the drying or a portion of it may be eifected at higher temperatures with increased elfect on the properties of the filaments, yarns and fabrics mentioned hereinabove, that is, in respect to the hand, stillness, reduction in elongation, wrinkle-resistance and crush-resistance.
- these properties may be enhanced byincluding within the drying, or by following it with, a period of heating for a duration of 3 to 30 minutes at a temperature of about C. to C.
- the improvement in the properties mentioned is obtained without this higher temperature treatment but, in many cases, the improvement in such properties is greatly enhanced when this higher temperature treatment is employed.
- an acrylamide is used in the specification and claims hereof as a generic expression for the restricted class of related compounds defined in more technical fashion as follows: a mono-amide, having a single unsaturated carbon to carbon bond, of an acid of the group consisting of acrylic acid and alpha-alkylor beta-alkydsubstituted alpha-methylene monocarboxylic acids, and N-alkyl substituted derivatives thereof, the alkyl substit uents consisting of methyl, ethyl, and both methyl and ethyl, the amide having only a single carbonyl group attached to the N atom.
- These acrylamides have the general formula:
- each of R, R R R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl radicals, and may be the same or different than one or more others of the group.
- acrylamide polymer or polymer of an acrylamide is intended to be generic to homopolymers and copolymers of the compounds just defined, whether they are produced directly by polymerization or copolymerization or indirectly by hydrolysis, saponification, or other reaction upon a previously produced polymer or copolymer.
- copolymers at least 30% by Weight of the monomeric units in the copolymer should contain amide groups.
- the polymer may be produced (1) by polymerizing or copolymerizing acrylamide itself or a substituted acrylamide (within the definition hereinabove), or (2) by hydrolyzing a polymer of copolymer of acrylonitrile or an alkyl-substituted acrylonitrile, such as methacrylonitrile, to produce a polymeric product in which at least 30% of the monomeric units comprise amido groups.
- the polymeric products may be produced by standard solution or emulsion polymerization techniques such as in the presence of a peroxy catalyst such as potassium persulfate.
- the monomeric unit other than that containing the amide group may be, or may be considered to be derived from, any other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, ethylene, etc., or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrolyzed product may contain nitrile and/or carboxyl groups as well as amido groups if it is derived from polyacrylonitrile or from polymethacrylonitrile. It may also contain other groups, such as hydroxyl and/ or acetate groups if derived from copolymers, such as a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate.
- Polymeric amides of relatively high molecular weight may be used and those polyacrylamides which, in concentrations of 10% in water containing 1% of isopropanol by weight have a specific viscosity of 300 centipoises to 6000 centipoises are preferred.
- the acrylamide polymers are long-chain linear substances and although they are water-dispersible at the time they are added to the viscose, and are added in the form of their water dispersions, there is no scumming of the bath or other evidence that they are leached out during spinning or after-treating. Apparently the linear structure of the polymeric amides causes them to become tangled or meshed with the eel Patented Sept.
- the textile material may contain from 1 to 15% by weight of the polymer of an acrylamide, the balance being substantially all regenerated cellulose.
- the preferred proportion is from 5 to in pile of carpets and from 10 to for ordinary fabrics for imparting improved resistance to crushing and resistance to wrinkling in the respective fabrics.
- the polymer of an acrylamide may be introduced into the viscose or cuprammonium cellulose solution at any time before spinning, it is preferred to inject the polymer into the stream of viscose as it flows to the spinnerets so as to reduce the time during which the polymer is maintained in an alkaline medium.
- it may first be dissolved or dispersed in water.
- the polymer dispersions may also contain viscosity-increasing substances, such as alkaline solutions of water-soluble or water-insoluble cellulose ethers, e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carbomethyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose which have the degree of substitution and may be used in the proportions specified in my copending application Serial No. 308,296, filed September 6, 1952, now U. S. Patent No. 2,796,656, granted June 25, 1957.
- viscosity-increasing substances such as alkaline solutions of water-soluble or water-insoluble cellulose ethers, e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carbomethyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose which have the degree of substitution and may be used in the proportions specified in my copending application Serial No. 308,296, filed September 6, 1952, now U. S. Patent No. 2,796,656, granted June 25, 1957.
- aqueous dispersions such as dyes, pigments; spinning assistants for inhibiting incrustation and clogging of the spinnerets, such as lauryl pyridinium chloride, ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, such as of lauryl alcohol; viscose coagulation retarders or accelerators, such as triethanolamine or diethylamine in a proportion of one to four millimoles or more than 100 grams of viscose, and so on.
- spinning assistants for inhibiting incrustation and clogging of the spinnerets, such as lauryl pyridinium chloride, ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, such as of lauryl alcohol
- viscose coagulation retarders or accelerators such as triethanolamine or diethylamine in a proportion of one to four millimoles or more than 100 grams of viscose, and so on.
- the viscose used may have any spinnable composition.
- it may be a normal viscose having a sodium chloride salt test value of from 3 to 6, containing from 6 to 9% cellulose, from 6 to 9% sodium hydroxide and of normal spinning viscosity, i.e., having a ball fall viscosity of 35 to 50 seconds at 18 C.
- the setting bath into which the modified viscose is extruded may be a coagulating and cellulose-regenerating bath of the composition normally used in the manufacture of fibers or yarns from viscose.
- Aqueous baths containing from 7 to 13.5% sulfuric acid and from 18 to 28% sodium sulfate are satisfactory.
- the bath may also contain comparatively small amounts, for example, from 0.1 to 5% of zinc sulfate, as well as small amounts of other adjuvants or assistants. If it is desired to produce selfcrimpable fibers of the type described in US. 2,517,694 to Merion and Sisson, viscoses and spinning baths as described in that patent may be used.
- the invention is also adapted to the production of modified shaped articles, and especially filaments, by the two-bath process in which the modified viscose is extruded into a coagulating bath which ertects little, if any, regeneration of the cellulose, and the article comprising cellulose xanthate is subsequently treated with a celluloseregenerating medium, stretching of the film, filaments or the like being efiected before or during the regeneration stage.
- the conditioned yarns were soaked for 15 minutes in distilled water at room temperature, wrapped in a cotton muslin fabric, soaked in water for an additional 15 minutes at room temperature, and then centrifuged for 3 minutes in a centrifuge having a diameter of 17 inches and rotating at a speed of 1800 r.p.m.
- EXAMPLE I A hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in which about 60% of the monomeric units contained carboxyl groups, about 30% contained -CONH and the balance contained nitrile groups was introduced into a viscose containing 7.4% cellulose and 7% caustic soda so as to provide 5% hydrolyzed polymer based on the weight of cellulose.
- the viscose was aged to a salt point of 5.9 and spun at 60 meters per minute into :a coagulating and regenerating bath containing 10% sulfuric acid, 4.5% zinc sulfate and 22% sodium sulfate maintained at a temperature of about 50 C.
- the filaments had a 13-inch immersion in the spinning bath. The filaments, after leaving the spinning bath, were stretched 40% between godets.
- one portion (hereinbelow designated A) was dried at room temperature, another portion (hereinafter designated B) was dried at C. and a third portion (designated C hereinafter) was dried at 100 C. and then heated to C. for 30 minutes.
- the resulting groups or portions had the following properties as compared to a regenerated cellulose control yarn (containing no polyacrylamide) dried at 100 C. temperature.
- the filaments were cut to 2-inch staple fiber lengths and subjected to the conventional after-treatment and dried at 120 C.
- the fibers were highly crimped as the result of the correlation of the composition in the spinning bath with the composition of the cellulose, and stretching and relaxation after cutting in accordance with the principles of U.S. Patent 2,517,694.
- the dried crimped fibers were spun into yarns of the size 20/1 (cotton system).
- the yarns were woven into a 54 x 52 plain weave construction. After desizing, scouring and rinsing, the fabrics were dried in relaxed condition on the tenter and finished thereon as a 66 x 58 cloth count fabric.
- a control fabric made from regenerated cellulose fibers of the same constitution (except for the lack of the acrylamide polymer) was tested along with the acrylamide modified fabric for wrinkle-resistance.
- the recovery angle of the control fabric was only 116 whereas the average of two fabrics made from the acrylamide polymer containing regenerated cellulose fibers gave a recovery angle of 135.
- EXAMPLE V Fibers were spun as in Example IV except the conditions were adjusted to produce filaments of a size corresponding to denier each and they were cut to 3-inch staple lengths instead of 2-inch lengths.
- the polyacrylamide was injected in proportions to provide 5% by weight of polymer to 95% by weight of cellulose in one batch and 15% polyacrylamide to 85% cellulose in another batch.
- Yarns were made from both batches on the woolen system of a size corresponding to 1.08/2 run (woolen system). These yarns were woven as the pile into a standard Axminster 7-row 189-pitch construction. After burling, shearing, backsizing, and steaming, they were dried under conditions which included heating at 175 C. for a period of about minutes.
- the thickness of the carpet was 0.4 inch. Fabrics made from the yarns containing 5 and 15% by weight of the polyacrylamide were tested along with a wool fabric and a fabric of regenerated cellulose made in the same way but without the introduction of an acrylamide polymer under severe service conditions, that is, by placing the carpets within a narrow corridor through which numerous persons traveled back and forth and necessarily walked over all four carpets. The initial thickness of each carpet was the same and the thickness of the carpet was periodically tested after 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the service conditions. The measurement of the thickness of carpet at these periodic intervals was made at each of three pressures, namely, 0.1, 1.27, and 11.5 pounds per square inch.
- the luxury index was then determined for each carpet by determining the residual compression or the difference in thickness between the 1.27 and the 11.5 pound per square inch load at equilibrium crush conditions (that is, when the maximum extent of crushing as a result of service had been obtained). These residual compression values were then converted into comparative values by arbitrarily assigning the luxury index of to wool. The higher the luxury index, the more crush-resistant is the fiber. The following values were obtained:
- a crush-resistant textile comprising a regenerated cellulose fiber containing, distributed throughout the fiber, 1-15% by weight based on cellulose of a highly polymerized water-dispersible linear polymer of a monoamide of which at least 30% by weight of the monomeric units contain amide groups, said monomeric units having the general formula:
- each of R, R R R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl radicals, the linear structure of the polymeric amides causing them to become tangled or meshed with the cellulosic chains of the viscose whereby they are restrained from being leached out by the coagulating bath during spinning.
- polymer is a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in which about 60% of the monomeric units contain carboxyl groups and about 30% contain amide groups.
Description
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38732253 US2901813A (en) | 1953-10-20 | 1953-10-20 | Textile material of regenerated cellulose containing a polyacrylamide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38732253 US2901813A (en) | 1953-10-20 | 1953-10-20 | Textile material of regenerated cellulose containing a polyacrylamide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2901813A true US2901813A (en) | 1959-09-01 |
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US38732253 Expired - Lifetime US2901813A (en) | 1953-10-20 | 1953-10-20 | Textile material of regenerated cellulose containing a polyacrylamide |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3170027A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1965-02-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Treated cellulosic insulation and electrical apparatus embodying the same |
US3232823A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1966-02-01 | Rayonier Inc | Process of converting hydrophilic cellulose graft copolymers to hydrophobic copolymers |
US3505002A (en) * | 1965-12-21 | 1970-04-07 | Burlington Industries Inc | Method for improving wet crease recovery |
DE2324589A1 (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1974-01-10 | Fmc Corp | HIGHLY ABSORBENT MATERIAL FOR WOVEN OR UNWOVEN PADDING, UPHOLSTERY CUSHIONS OR THE LIKE. FROM MIXED FIBERS FROM A BASIC MATERIAL FROM CELLULOSE GENERATE AND A PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
US4199367A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1980-04-22 | Avtex Fibers Inc. | Alloy rayon |
US4289824A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1981-09-15 | Avtex Fibers Inc. | High fluid-holding alloy rayon fiber mass |
FR2490231A1 (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1982-03-19 | Terumo Corp | LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MEMBRANE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE THUS OBTAINED |
US4357389A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1982-11-02 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polymer dope composition, composite fibers made therefrom and process for making same |
EP2547810B1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2019-03-06 | Amsilk GmbH | Method for production of polypeptide containing fibres |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2155067A (en) * | 1934-06-01 | 1939-04-18 | Ubbelohde Leo | Manufacture of improved products of cellulose and cellulose derivatives |
US2337398A (en) * | 1939-09-15 | 1943-12-21 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Process for improving the wear resistance of textile materials |
US2343093A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1944-02-29 | Du Pont | Treatment of textiles and composition useful therefor |
US2363019A (en) * | 1938-04-14 | 1944-11-21 | Schurmann Max-Otto | Artificial fibers |
FR898553A (en) * | 1942-07-24 | 1945-04-26 | Rohm & Haas Ges Mit Beschrankt | Process for making shaped articles of water-soluble single or mixed polymers of methacrylic amide |
US2416890A (en) * | 1939-03-29 | 1947-03-04 | Amende Joachim | Manufacture of fibers and foils |
-
1953
- 1953-10-20 US US38732253 patent/US2901813A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2155067A (en) * | 1934-06-01 | 1939-04-18 | Ubbelohde Leo | Manufacture of improved products of cellulose and cellulose derivatives |
US2363019A (en) * | 1938-04-14 | 1944-11-21 | Schurmann Max-Otto | Artificial fibers |
US2416890A (en) * | 1939-03-29 | 1947-03-04 | Amende Joachim | Manufacture of fibers and foils |
US2337398A (en) * | 1939-09-15 | 1943-12-21 | Tootal Broadhurst Lee Co Ltd | Process for improving the wear resistance of textile materials |
US2343093A (en) * | 1940-08-03 | 1944-02-29 | Du Pont | Treatment of textiles and composition useful therefor |
FR898553A (en) * | 1942-07-24 | 1945-04-26 | Rohm & Haas Ges Mit Beschrankt | Process for making shaped articles of water-soluble single or mixed polymers of methacrylic amide |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3170027A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1965-02-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Treated cellulosic insulation and electrical apparatus embodying the same |
US3232823A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1966-02-01 | Rayonier Inc | Process of converting hydrophilic cellulose graft copolymers to hydrophobic copolymers |
US3505002A (en) * | 1965-12-21 | 1970-04-07 | Burlington Industries Inc | Method for improving wet crease recovery |
DE2324589A1 (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1974-01-10 | Fmc Corp | HIGHLY ABSORBENT MATERIAL FOR WOVEN OR UNWOVEN PADDING, UPHOLSTERY CUSHIONS OR THE LIKE. FROM MIXED FIBERS FROM A BASIC MATERIAL FROM CELLULOSE GENERATE AND A PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
US4199367A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1980-04-22 | Avtex Fibers Inc. | Alloy rayon |
US4289824A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1981-09-15 | Avtex Fibers Inc. | High fluid-holding alloy rayon fiber mass |
US4357389A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1982-11-02 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polymer dope composition, composite fibers made therefrom and process for making same |
FR2490231A1 (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1982-03-19 | Terumo Corp | LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MEMBRANE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE THUS OBTAINED |
US4444663A (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1984-04-24 | Terumo Corporation | Membrane and method for manufacture thereof |
EP2547810B1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2019-03-06 | Amsilk GmbH | Method for production of polypeptide containing fibres |
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