US2899290A - Anot-slakin g buffing compositions - Google Patents
Anot-slakin g buffing compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US2899290A US2899290A US2899290DA US2899290A US 2899290 A US2899290 A US 2899290A US 2899290D A US2899290D A US 2899290DA US 2899290 A US2899290 A US 2899290A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lime
- tallow
- weight
- compositions
- slaking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 2-HYDROXYETHYL Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005296 abrasive Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 6
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- BVDRUCCQKHGCRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl formate Chemical compound OCC(O)COC=O BVDRUCCQKHGCRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000007502 Anemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FKAUINMINWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-en-4-yne Chemical group [CH2-]CCC#CC[C+]=C FKAUINMINWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1481—Pastes, optionally in the form of blocks or sticks
Definitions
- this invention relates to improved bufiing compositions. In one of its' aspects, this invention relates to lime buffing bars having improved anti-slaking properties.
- buffing compositionsin use for buffing nickel, nickel alloys, copper, brass, zinc, aluminum, etc., have proven unsatisfactory in many respects.
- Such compositions usually contain limeand are used in the form others. In use these" bars are rubbed against the bufiing wheel and the abrasive applied to the wheel by melting the binder brought about through the' heat of friction.
- an anti-slaking additive for lime buffing compositions which enables bufling bar compounders to produce bars for stock, which they have been unable to do in the past because of the short storage life. This makes possible easier production scheduling and the preparation of larger sized batches. Also, it enables the use of a cheap paper container in place of an expensive airtight metal container or foil.
- Our anti-slaking additives consist of mixtures of from 6 to parts by weight of N-aliphatic-trimethylene diarnines represented by the formula RNI-ICH CH CH NH per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-aliphatic amine having the formula RN(CH CH OH) wherein R in each of the above structural formulas is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Examples of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals coming within the definition of R include octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl, octadecadienyl, octadecatrienyl, and statistical mixtures of the foregoing radicals as are contained in naturally occurring oils and fats such as tallow, soybean oil, coconut oil, and the like.
- the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals contained in tallow is comprised of approximately 45% by weight 2,899,290 Patented Aug.
- Example'sof preferred N aliphatic-trime'thylene' diarh'ine's include N-tallow-trimeth ylene diamine, N- octadecyl trimetliylfene diamine; and N hex'adecyl -t-rimethylene
- a preferred" anti sla'k'ing additive consistent a mixture of 8 parts--- ernaaiiewenmem iefie diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)soyaamine.- p
- the: abrasive element may contain in addition to the lime con-- ventional materials such as emery, silicon carbide, tnipoli, or the like.
- the buffing compositions of the present invention cant be prepared by blending together the anti-slaking additive mixture, saturated fatty acid, and animal oil at a temperature of about 190 F. after which the abrasive material
- a series of bufling bars having the compositions by weight designated in Table I were prepared and observed for slaking. These bars were prepared by blending together at a temperature of about 190 F. the stearic acid, prime tallow or acidless tallow oil as indicated, and N-tallowtrimethy1ene diamine and N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) soya amine, also as indicated.
- the lime was then added in small increments to the molten mixture, keeping the total mixture at approximately 190 F., and was blended until smooth.
- the molten mixture was then placed in appropriate molds and the surface troweled and tamped smooth to remove bumps and blisters. When the bars were cool and hard they were removed from the molds, placed in storage and observed daily for slaking.
- An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive from about 2 to 7% by weight of a mixture containing from 6 m 10 parts of a compound having the formula RNHCH CH CH NH per part of a compound having the formula RN(CH CH OH) wherein R in each instance is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive from about 2 to weight percent of a mixture containing 6 to 10 parts by weight of N-tallow-trimethylene diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-soya amine.
- An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive about 4.5% by weight of a mixture containing 8 parts of N-tallow-trimethylene diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-soya amine.
- a lime bufiing composition consisting of about 65 to about 80% by weight of Vienna lime, about 12 to 18% of a saturated fatty acid having a titer of at least 40 C., from about 4 to about 8% of tallow, and from 2 to about 7% by weight of a mixtu r e containing from 6 to 10 parts by weight of a compound having the formula RNHCHQCHQCHQNH: per part of a compound having the formula RN(CH CH,OH)
- R in each instance is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 2,899,290 ANTI -SLAKIN'G BUFFIN G COM-POSITIONS Werner L. Riegler, Western Springs, and: Jack N. Dybalski, Chicago, 111., assign'ors to Armour and Company, Chicago, Ill". a corporation of Illinois.
No: Drawing; Application April 11,1957: Serial No. 652,093
invention relates to improved bufiing compositions. In one of its' aspects, this invention relates to lime buffing bars having improved anti-slaking properties.
Conventional: buffing compositionsin use: for buffing nickel, nickel alloys, copper, brass, zinc, aluminum, etc., have proven unsatisfactory in many respects. Such compositions usually contain limeand are used in the form others. In use these" bars are rubbed against the bufiing wheel and the abrasive applied to the wheel by melting the binder brought about through the' heat of friction.-
The production of lime compositions has caused problems in the bufling industry for years. An insoluble lime soap is often formed when mixing the calcium and magnesium oxides used as abrasives and the fatty acid binder in the presence of moisture. When this occurs in the kettle it is necessary to break the hard cellular soap into pieces that can easily be removed, since heat only chars the soap and does not melt it. In addition to soap formation, the most pressing problem from a consumer point of view is slaking. This term is used to describe the hydration of the hard oxides to the soft hydroxides in the presence of atmospheric moisture and normally takes place within one to three weeks after formation of the lime bars unless an airtight container is used for storage of the compound. As hydration occurs the slaked lime reacts with the fatty acid binder in the bar flakes and eventually crumbles. In this condition of course it cannot be used in bufiing operations. The industry has alleviated the problem somewhat by the use of quality controlled materials, close supervision in manufacture, and the use of expensive airtight containers similar to the vacuum sealed food containers. However, even with these precautions, storage of lime bars for any length of time is not practiced and orders are filled only when received. It is obvious, therefore, that there exists a need for an anti-slaking additive in lime buffing compositions.
In accordance with the present invention we have provided an anti-slaking additive for lime buffing compositions which enables bufling bar compounders to produce bars for stock, which they have been unable to do in the past because of the short storage life. This makes possible easier production scheduling and the preparation of larger sized batches. Also, it enables the use of a cheap paper container in place of an expensive airtight metal container or foil.
Our anti-slaking additives consist of mixtures of from 6 to parts by weight of N-aliphatic-trimethylene diarnines represented by the formula RNI-ICH CH CH NH per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-aliphatic amine having the formula RN(CH CH OH) wherein R in each of the above structural formulas is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals coming within the definition of R include octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl, octadecadienyl, octadecatrienyl, and statistical mixtures of the foregoing radicals as are contained in naturally occurring oils and fats such as tallow, soybean oil, coconut oil, and the like. The mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals contained in tallow is comprised of approximately 45% by weight 2,899,290 Patented Aug. 11, 1 959 of octadecenyl, 25% octadecyl, and 30% hexadecyl radicals. The mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals" contained in soybean on is comprised of approximately 4-5 by weight of octadienyl', 35%"oc'tadecenyl, 10%" octadecyli and-10% hexadec'yl radicals. Example'sof preferred N aliphatic-trime'thylene' diarh'ine's include N-tallow-trimeth ylene diamine, N- octadecyl trimetliylfene diamine; and N hex'adecyl -t-rimethylene Examples of preferred N-bis(2-hydroxyetliyly-aliphaticamines include N-b'is;('2'- hydroxy'ethyl)-s'oya amine, N-bis(2}hydroxyethyl-)=octadecenyl' amine and N-bis(2-liydroxyethyl yoctadecyl amine. A preferred" anti sla'k'ing additive consistent a mixture of 8 parts-- ernaaiiewenmem iefie diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)soyaamine.- p
The improved and-sinking time" bufiihg' compositions of the, present invention contain from about 65' to by weight of-liin'e; such. as Vienna lime, the abrasive element, fromabout 1 2 to-a'bout 1 8% of a saturatedfatty acid having a; titer cram-least 40- 0. preferablyhaving. an iodine value not in excess of], from about 4 10 8 70 of an animalor veg'e'table'oil glyceride, and from=aboujt 2 to about 7%; preferably about seems out anaemia ing additive mixture as described above. If desired, the: abrasive element may contain in addition to the lime con-- ventional materials such as emery, silicon carbide, tnipoli, or the like.
The buffing compositions of the present invention cant be prepared by blending together the anti-slaking additive mixture, saturated fatty acid, and animal oil at a temperature of about 190 F. after which the abrasive material A series of bufling bars having the compositions by weight designated in Table I were prepared and observed for slaking. These bars were prepared by blending together at a temperature of about 190 F. the stearic acid, prime tallow or acidless tallow oil as indicated, and N-tallowtrimethy1ene diamine and N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) soya amine, also as indicated. The lime was then added in small increments to the molten mixture, keeping the total mixture at approximately 190 F., and was blended until smooth. The molten mixture was then placed in appropriate molds and the surface troweled and tamped smooth to remove bumps and blisters. When the bars were cool and hard they were removed from the molds, placed in storage and observed daily for slaking.
Table I Percent Initial Com- Percent Acid- Percent Percent Percent Slakplete Bar Lime less Stearic Prime Addiing, Slak- Tallow Acid Tallow tive Days ing,
Days
Lime=50% 02.0, 50% MgO.
Tlter=54 0.; Iodine Value= 7.
N-tallow trimethylene diamine.
N-bis(2-hydroxyethyD-soya amine.
lest; concluded after 3 months before complete slaking occurred.
While this invention has been described and exemplied in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 7
We claim: p
1. An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive from about 2 to 7% by weight of a mixture containing from 6 m 10 parts of a compound having the formula RNHCH CH CH NH per part of a compound having the formula RN(CH CH OH) wherein R in each instance is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
2. An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive from about 2 to weight percent of a mixture containing 6 to 10 parts by weight of N-tallow-trimethylene diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-soya amine.
3. An improved lime bufling composition containing as an anti-slaking additive about 4.5% by weight of a mixture containing 8 parts of N-tallow-trimethylene diamine per part of N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-soya amine.
4. A lime bufiing composition consisting of about 65 to about 80% by weight of Vienna lime, about 12 to 18% of a saturated fatty acid having a titer of at least 40 C., from about 4 to about 8% of tallow, and from 2 to about 7% by weight of a mixtu r e containing from 6 to 10 parts by weight of a compound having the formula RNHCHQCHQCHQNH: per part of a compound having the formula RN(CH CH,OH)
wherein R in each instance is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the saturated fatty acid is stearic acid, the first mentioned compound is N-tallow-trimethylene diamine and the sec References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,078,876 Hennessey Apr; 27, 1937 2,417,800 Weisser Mar. 18,1947 2,540,003 McCoy Jan. 20, 1951 Sticr June 16. 1953
Claims (1)
- 2. AN IMPROVED LIME BUFFING COMPOSITION CONTAINING AS AN ANTI-SLAKING ADDITIVE FROM ABOUT 2 TO 7 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A MIXTURE CONTAINING 6 TO 10 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF N-TALLOW-TRIMETHYLENE DIAMINE PER PART OF N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-SOYA AMINE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2899290A true US2899290A (en) | 1959-08-11 |
Family
ID=3448104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2899290D Expired - Lifetime US2899290A (en) | Anot-slakin g buffing compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2899290A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3400498A (en) * | 1965-08-10 | 1968-09-10 | Dellburt F. Kitzel | Metal polisher |
| US3926585A (en) * | 1973-03-10 | 1975-12-16 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | Abrasive sheet containing a grain-size binder with wax particles |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2078876A (en) * | 1936-10-30 | 1937-04-27 | Puritan Mfg Company | Presaponified buffing compound |
| US2417800A (en) * | 1944-03-23 | 1947-03-18 | Arthur H Weisser | Method of making a buffing or polishing bar |
| US2540003A (en) * | 1947-04-19 | 1951-01-30 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Nonferrous metal burnishing composition and burnishing process |
| US2642348A (en) * | 1953-06-16 | Method of making same |
-
0
- US US2899290D patent/US2899290A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2642348A (en) * | 1953-06-16 | Method of making same | ||
| US2078876A (en) * | 1936-10-30 | 1937-04-27 | Puritan Mfg Company | Presaponified buffing compound |
| US2417800A (en) * | 1944-03-23 | 1947-03-18 | Arthur H Weisser | Method of making a buffing or polishing bar |
| US2540003A (en) * | 1947-04-19 | 1951-01-30 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Nonferrous metal burnishing composition and burnishing process |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3400498A (en) * | 1965-08-10 | 1968-09-10 | Dellburt F. Kitzel | Metal polisher |
| US3926585A (en) * | 1973-03-10 | 1975-12-16 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | Abrasive sheet containing a grain-size binder with wax particles |
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