US2897375A - Low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric set - Google Patents

Low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric set Download PDF

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Publication number
US2897375A
US2897375A US623960A US62396056A US2897375A US 2897375 A US2897375 A US 2897375A US 623960 A US623960 A US 623960A US 62396056 A US62396056 A US 62396056A US 2897375 A US2897375 A US 2897375A
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caisson
low
head vertical
hydro
wheel
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US623960A
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Fevre Charles Marie
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Societe des Forges et Ateliers du Creusot
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Societe des Forges et Ateliers du Creusot
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new arrangement intended to reduce the diametrical dimensions of the spiral chamber in low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric sets, which allows an appreciable reduction in civil engineering works, and consequently in the cost of installation.
  • the spiral chamber is developed about a central lining of which the maximum diameter is substantially equal to that of the moving wheel, the lower part of the lining being of a substantially truncated conical shape connected to the hub of the said wheel in such a way as to form the central core of the annular outlet duct of the spiral chamber, the said lining, which consists of a metallic caisson which may support the pivot of the unit, itself being supported at the inlet of the said duct by way of inclined pro-guiding blades, the blades of the distributor being articulated about axes inclined along a direction substantially normal to the truncated conical profile of the lining.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical section through a set having a Kaplan turbine in which the alternator is situated above the metallic caisson.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical section through a set in which the alternator is situated inside the metallic caisson.
  • 1 designates the turbine wheel mounted below a spiral chamber 2, which is accommodated in the concrete mass 3 of the station, and communicates directly with the upstream water level 4.
  • a metallic caisson 5 fitted in the concrete girder 6 is situated at the centre of the spiral chamber 2, ofwhich the said concrete girder forms the ceiling; this caisson is supported on the foundations by way of the casing 7 of the turbine, by means of the girders 8 which form the fixed preguiding blades.
  • the upper part of the caisson 5 is cylindrical, while the lower part 9 is contoured in such a manner as to be connected to the hub of the wheel, and to form the central core of an annular duct 10 of which the external wall is formed by the casing 7.
  • the blades 11 of the distributor are situated about this casing 7, and are articulated about axes substantially perpendicular to the central core of the said annular duct 10 in such a manner as to form a conical distributor of small diameter.
  • the lower part 9 of the caisson 5 carries the lower guide bearing 12 of the shaft 13 of the group.
  • the pivot 14 of the set which may be any suitable type of combined radial and thrust bearing is situated inside the caisson 5, with the fixed part 19 thereof bearing on a solid horizontal shoulder 19 of the caisson 5 to support wheel 1 in duct 10.
  • the alternator consisting of the stator 16 and the rotor 17 is situated above the girder 6, which absorbs the reaction of the electrical torque of the alternator.
  • stator 16 of the alternator is situated inside the caisson 5, while the pivot 14 is situated at the top of caisson 5.
  • This arrangement lends itself particularly well to installation in a station of the pier type; in fact, it allows the plan measurements of each set to be reduced, and the feed of water from the inlet chamber to the turbine to be improved.
  • the invention is not limited to turbines of the type shown and is applicable to turbines which include mechanism ⁇ or orienting the vanes and to turbines having a Francis wheel which is used with a conical distributor.
  • a low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric set including a turbine wheel having a hub, a spiral chamber, an annular outlet duct for said chamber, a cylindrical metal caisson forming a central lining for said chamber and having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said wheel, a truncated conical portion of said caisson forming a central core for said outlet duct and fairing into the hub of said wheel, inclined pre-guiding blades supporting said caisson in said chamber and distributor blades articulated about their long axis and substantially normal to the profile of said truncated conical portion, said wheel being mounted in said outlet duct.
  • a hydro-electric set as described in claim 1 includ ing a generator having a stator and a rotor, said stator being centered within said caisson.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

July 28, 1959 c. M. FEVRE LOW-HEAD VERTICAL-SHAFT HYDRO-ELECTRIC SET Filed Nov. 25, 1956 I v I INVENTOR Ii'% CHARLES MARIE FEVRE BY W, *Mw
A TTORME YS United States Patent LOW-HEAD VERTICAL-SHAFT HYDRO-ELECTRIC S'ET Charles Marie Fevre, Le Creusot, France, assignor to Socit des Forges et Ateliers du Creusot, Paris, France, a French company Application November 23, 1956, Serial No. 623,960 Claims priority, application France November 30, 1955 3 Claims. (Cl. 290-52) The present invention relates to a new arrangement intended to reduce the diametrical dimensions of the spiral chamber in low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric sets, which allows an appreciable reduction in civil engineering works, and consequently in the cost of installation.
It is known that the water passage cross-sections at each point of the spiral chamber are calculated as a function of the delivery and of the head available; the dimensions of the spiral chamber are thus determined on the one hand by the passage cross-sections to be provided, and on the other hand by the diameter about which the spiral chamber is developed.
According to the invention, the spiral chamber is developed about a central lining of which the maximum diameter is substantially equal to that of the moving wheel, the lower part of the lining being of a substantially truncated conical shape connected to the hub of the said wheel in such a way as to form the central core of the annular outlet duct of the spiral chamber, the said lining, which consists of a metallic caisson which may support the pivot of the unit, itself being supported at the inlet of the said duct by way of inclined pro-guiding blades, the blades of the distributor being articulated about axes inclined along a direction substantially normal to the truncated conical profile of the lining.
Two particular forms of embodiment of a hydroelectric set according to the invention are illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the attached drawing, and are described hereinafter by way of examples.
In the drawing: a
Figure 1 is a vertical section through a set having a Kaplan turbine in which the alternator is situated above the metallic caisson.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through a set in which the alternator is situated inside the metallic caisson.
In these figures, 1 designates the turbine wheel mounted below a spiral chamber 2, which is accommodated in the concrete mass 3 of the station, and communicates directly with the upstream water level 4.
A metallic caisson 5 fitted in the concrete girder 6 is situated at the centre of the spiral chamber 2, ofwhich the said concrete girder forms the ceiling; this caisson is supported on the foundations by way of the casing 7 of the turbine, by means of the girders 8 which form the fixed preguiding blades.
The upper part of the caisson 5 is cylindrical, while the lower part 9 is contoured in such a manner as to be connected to the hub of the wheel, and to form the central core of an annular duct 10 of which the external wall is formed by the casing 7.
The blades 11 of the distributor are situated about this casing 7, and are articulated about axes substantially perpendicular to the central core of the said annular duct 10 in such a manner as to form a conical distributor of small diameter.
The lower part 9 of the caisson 5 carries the lower guide bearing 12 of the shaft 13 of the group.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the pivot 14 of the set which may be any suitable type of combined radial and thrust bearing is situated inside the caisson 5, with the fixed part 19 thereof bearing on a solid horizontal shoulder 19 of the caisson 5 to support wheel 1 in duct 10. The alternator consisting of the stator 16 and the rotor 17 is situated above the girder 6, which absorbs the reaction of the electrical torque of the alternator.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the stator 16 of the alternator is situated inside the caisson 5, while the pivot 14 is situated at the top of caisson 5.
This arrangement lends itself particularly well to installation in a station of the pier type; in fact, it allows the plan measurements of each set to be reduced, and the feed of water from the inlet chamber to the turbine to be improved.
It must be understood that the set can be modified, or completed by any useful accessories, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Furthermore, the invention is not limited to turbines of the type shown and is applicable to turbines which include mechanism {or orienting the vanes and to turbines having a Francis wheel which is used with a conical distributor.
What I claim is:
1. In a low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric set including a turbine wheel having a hub, a spiral chamber, an annular outlet duct for said chamber, a cylindrical metal caisson forming a central lining for said chamber and having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said wheel, a truncated conical portion of said caisson forming a central core for said outlet duct and fairing into the hub of said wheel, inclined pre-guiding blades supporting said caisson in said chamber and distributor blades articulated about their long axis and substantially normal to the profile of said truncated conical portion, said wheel being mounted in said outlet duct.
2. A hydro-electric set as described in claim 1 in which said caisson supports the set when said wheel is in position in said duct.
3. A hydro-electric set as described in claim 1 includ ing a generator having a stator and a rotor, said stator being centered within said caisson.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
US623960A 1955-11-30 1956-11-23 Low-head vertical-shaft hydro-electric set Expired - Lifetime US2897375A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923418A (en) * 1974-12-23 1975-12-02 Allis Chalmers Hydraulic turbine installation and method of assembling the turbine headcover therein
US4120602A (en) * 1976-01-06 1978-10-17 Neyrpic - Creusot Loire Method and apparatus for controlling a water turbine
US4764087A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-08-16 Societe Neyrpic Channel for feeding water to a vertical-axis kaplan water turbine
US5221182A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-06-22 Itt Flygt Ab Vane apparatus for clog resistant pump
US5304034A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-04-19 Stork Pompen B.V. Method for constructing a pumping installation
US20070286715A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2007-12-13 Jacques Fonkenell Turbine and Hydroelectric Power Plant for Very Low Head
US8823195B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2014-09-02 Mark Robert John LEGACY Hydro electric energy generation and storage structure

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1490955A (en) * 1922-04-19 1924-04-22 Theodor Bell & Cie Ag High-specific-speed water turbine
US2701313A (en) * 1953-03-13 1955-02-01 Escher Wyss Ag Air supply to turbine runners of hydroelectric power plants

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1490955A (en) * 1922-04-19 1924-04-22 Theodor Bell & Cie Ag High-specific-speed water turbine
US2701313A (en) * 1953-03-13 1955-02-01 Escher Wyss Ag Air supply to turbine runners of hydroelectric power plants

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923418A (en) * 1974-12-23 1975-12-02 Allis Chalmers Hydraulic turbine installation and method of assembling the turbine headcover therein
US4120602A (en) * 1976-01-06 1978-10-17 Neyrpic - Creusot Loire Method and apparatus for controlling a water turbine
US4764087A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-08-16 Societe Neyrpic Channel for feeding water to a vertical-axis kaplan water turbine
US5304034A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-04-19 Stork Pompen B.V. Method for constructing a pumping installation
US5221182A (en) * 1990-09-12 1993-06-22 Itt Flygt Ab Vane apparatus for clog resistant pump
US20070286715A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2007-12-13 Jacques Fonkenell Turbine and Hydroelectric Power Plant for Very Low Head
US7972108B2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2011-07-05 Jacques Fonkenell Turbine and hydroelectric power plant for very low head
US8823195B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2014-09-02 Mark Robert John LEGACY Hydro electric energy generation and storage structure

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