US2895458A - Coolant jacket arrangement for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

July 21, 1959 f H. M. JACKUN Y i 2,895,458

. COOLANT JACKET ARRANGEMENT FOR 3 INTERNAL COMBUSTION` ENGINES Y Original Filed Oct. 6, 1950` #frog/YE Y@ SellSeS.

- v fr 2,895,458 P Patented July 21, 1959 of exhaust ports 54 the axes of which desirably are in- 2,895,458 clined outwardly of the cylinder in both radial and axial l cooLANT JACKET ARRANGEMENT FOR INTERNAL coMnUsrroN ENGiNns Harold Jacklinlndianapolis, Ind. Original application October `6, 1950, Serial No. 188,810, now Patent No. 2,805,654, dated September10, 1957. i Divided and this application September 9, 1957, Serial JN 687,847 c" j' A y H j 4 Claims.,` (ci. 12s-41.72)

This invention relates to internal combustion engines Zand more particularly to means for improving the cooling of iliquid-jacketed engine cylinders and heads, especially at points where a head joins a cylinder.

I .In carrying out the invention, I provide the cylinder and the head with cooling passages interconnectedwith each other. To provide such interconnection, an annular or circumrerentially extending groove is .provided` in one ofthe main faces of the head and cylinder, andan `annular or circumferentially extending series of ports are provided in the head and ,cylinder to afford communication between suchgroove `and the `two coolant passages. The ports in Ythe head are displaced circumferentially relative `tn the ports in Ithe cylinder,so that the liquid coolant cannotflow directly'from the cylinder` jacket to the head jacket but must, 4over, atleast a portion of its path, flow circumferentially with, respect tothe cylinder. By this arrangement, turbulence is created inthe iiow of the cool- ,ant and more etfectivetransmission of heat to the cool `ant, from the cylinder` and the head is aiforded. l. In the accompanying drawings; l V v 1Fig- .l` ,is` a section through an engine onl I.the axis of one cylinder; I, y e i i l ;Fig. Zlis a section-on the line 2,-2 oflig.` 1; and ,FigA 3` is Aa fragmentalview similar to Fig. l but on an enlarged Scale, illustrating: details 0f lh@ CQmblStiOn chamber.

The engine shownby way of example `in Fig. l is ofthe opposed piston type andyin its entirety, is more fully set forth and described in my prirUnited States Patent No. 332,805,554; `issued September.. 10, 1957. "ffSuch engine comprises a lower block 30 having one or more inlet cylinders 31, an upper block 32 having a corresponding number of exhaust cylinders 33, and a head 34 which is interposed between the two blocks and which is provided with a combustion chamber 35 in line with each pair of inlet and exhaust cylinders. Any appropriate form of means, such as the through-bolts 36, may be used to hold the two blocks and the head in assembled relationship. Each inlet cylinder 31 contains an inlet piston 37 connected by a connecting rod 38 to a crank 39 of a lower crank shaft 40. In a position to be uncovered by the head of the piston 37 as it nears the outer end of its stroke, the cylinder 31 is provided with inlet ports 42 which comrnfunrcate with an air box 43 and which may be directed tangentially so that the gases entering the cylinder through them will create a circular motion within the cylinder.

Each exhaust cylinder 33 is aligned with and conveniently of the same diameter as an inlet cylinder 31 and contains a reciprocable piston 50 connected through a connecting rod 51 with a crank pin 52 of an upper crank shaft 53, which is operatively connected to the lower crank shaft as through gearing 56. The stroke of the upper piston 50 is considerably less than that of the lower piston, preferably being about one-third to one-half of the stroke of the lower piston. In a position to be uncovered by the piston 50 as it near-s the outer end of its stroke, the cylinder 33 is provided with an annular series .products of combustion ahead lheld in place against both axial and rotational movement by radially extending `pins 62 which are removably mounted in the head 34 and project into openings in the liner 61. l

In the particular engine illustrated in the drawing, which is of the fuel-injection type, the head 34 is provided at each combustion chamber with -a fuel-injector 70 adapted to discharge into the associated combustion chamber 35 through an appropriately positioned opening 71 in the liner 61. Desirably, the injector 70 is so oriented that it discharges chordally into the combustion chamber toward an ignition device 72 which is mounted in the block 30 and exposed through an opening 73 in the liner 61. l

Fig. 1 illustrates the positions of the pistons 37 and 50 near the inner ends of their strokes a short interval after the occurrence of the explosion. As the pistons are driven outwardly under the influence of the expanding gases, the two crank shafts 40 and 53 rotate in the clockwise direction, as indicated bythe arrows in Fig.` 1,` expansion of the gases continuing until the exhaust piston 50 uncovers the exhaust ports 54. Shortly after the exhaust ports are uncovered, the inlet piston 37` uncovers the inlet ports 42 to admit the new charge.` Such charge flows generally upwardly in the cylinders and, forcing the of it, produces the necessary scavenging` action. As rotation of the crank shafts continues, the exhaust ports close in the inward movement `of the exhaust piston 50 and, shortly thereaftenthe inlet ports 42 are closed by inward movement ofthe inlet provided with innercommunicating water jackets through which the water or `other 'coolant successively circulates. As shown in the drawing, the water jacket for the lower cylinder is in two sections and 81 lying respectively below and above the inlet ports 42, the two sections being interconnected as by a conduit 83 bridging the ports. The upper cylinder has an axially continuous coolant-receiving space 84 across which exhaust passages 54' extend to connect with exhaust conduits 85. The head 34 (Figs. l and 3) has an annular coolant chamber 86 communicating `with ports 87 which open into the upper and lower faces of the head in position to communicate with annular grooves 88 and 89 provided respectively in the lower face of the upper cylinder block 32 and in the upper face of the lower cylinder block 30. Ports 90 in the upper cylinder block provide communication between the coolant receiving space 84 and groove 88, while ports 91 provide communication between the upper jacket section 81 of the lower cylinder and the annular groove '89. tIn accordance with the present invention, the ports 87 are angularly displaced from the ports 90 and 91 so that the coolant leaving each port 91 in the lower cylinder! block ywill be compelled to dow circumferentially for a distance along the groove 89 before entering a lower port 87 of the head. Similarly, coolant leaving each upper port 87 ofthe head must flow circumterentially for a distance along the groove 88 before entering a port 90 and passing upwardly through the jacket of the upper cylinder. Theports 90 and 91, which aredesirably drilled, are equally spaced about the cylinder-axis; and the circumferential iiow of liquid in contact with the end faces ofzthecylindenbarrels aids very materially in cooling the inner lends Yof :the cylinder :barrels to promote .improved lubrication and reduce wear thereat and maintains the head .at :a lower temperature .than would otherwise be possible., t

, ,Reference/has heretofore been made to the combustion-.chamber liner.61 and to its normal loose t within the-:head ,34. Whenxtheengine is i'irst started, the loose ,tof thellinerlwithin the head 34 retards the transfer of:the:heat'fromtheliner to the head, with the result that fthe'linertwarms up quickly. As liner-temperature fincreases, the )liner expands, Ythe lit :between it and the head 34/becomes1tighter,'andheat transfer from the liner to :the head becomes more rapid. Thus, under starting conditions when the engine is cool, the temperature of the `liner .increases quickly :and promotes satisfactory combustion. At the same time, the liner is prevented from Ibecomingoverheatedas theengine continues inoperation, Ybecause :any ,tendency to overheat `increases. the tightness of its dit :withinthe :head 34tand thereby increases the rate of'heatrtransfer tothe cooled head. Y

Itwill he'understoodithat the `particular opposed-piston :engine shown and described is set forth `merely by way of example and that the invention .to which this application relates is concerned with the arrangement of cool- Lant passages .atieach ofthe joints between ithe head 34 andthe cylinders.v The -use of such a passage arrangeimentislnot limited tocpposed-piston engines. Whether ,the coolant flows from the cylinder into the head or from.fthe head finto :the cylinder, it undergoes two abrupt Ichangesfin direction, once 'upon entering the circumferenitially extending .groove (88 or 89) and once upon leavingsuch groove. If, as shown, the groove extends for the full circumference of the cylinder, the entire periphery ofrthe ijoint between the cylinder .and head .will be ex- :posed to circumferentially flowing coolant. The turbu- -lence createdas a result of the abrupt changerin direction ofLthecoolant-ow aids :inzthe transfer of heat from the cylinderhead toithecoolant.` s

1 lThis :application isla division ,of my priorwapplication e Serial :No. 188,810, filedOctober 6, 1950, which resulted .in ir'ny aforesaid :Patent No. ,2,805 ,654.

;I.claim.as my invention: ;.1. :In aninternalicombustion engine, a cylinder block .and-a,headhavinginterengaging end faces, a cylinderin 4 said block, a .combustion .chamber ,in -said ihead,coo1ant jackets in said head and block respectively, said jackets having ports which open in said end faces, the head-jacket ports being displaced circumferentially from the blockjacket ports and at least one of ,said end faces being provided with a circumferentially"extending groove interconnecting each'headfjacket port with :an adjacent iblockjacket port. l,

2. An engineas set forth in claim 1 with the addition that interconnection between the head-jacket and blockjacket ports is provided by ra circumferentially ,continu- .oustannularfgroove l 3. yInan internal combustioncngine `of the opposedpiston type, yaligned cylinders provided in separate blocks,

a head located between said blocks ,and having a central opening which provides communication between such cyl-r inders and constitutes a combustion chamber, pistons reciprocable `in )said Vvcylinders respectively, means :'for yreciprocating :said pistons roppositely in timed srelation,

said ihead and'blooks having engaging endfaees, reach :of said blocks having a Acoolant jacket communicating `with ports in theend` face of the block, said headlhavinga coolant jacket communicating with Aports in kthe end faces of the head, the head-jacket ports being displaced circumferentially vfrom -the vblocJk-jacket ports, and-lat leastione ofvsaid end f aces being provided witha circumferentially extending groove interconnecting each head-jacket fpor't ywith `an adjacentblock-jacket port. 'i

44. In an internal `ycombustionengmeof the opposed- -piston type, aligned cylinders provided in separate blocks, ahead located `between said blocks and having a central opening which provides communication between -suchcylinders `and-constitutes `a combustion chamber, pistons reciprocable `in said cylinders respectively,-means -forvreciprocating said pistons oppositely in timed relation, said 'head and blocks having engaging end faces, eachA of said blocks having acoolantjacket communicatingwith in the end face of the block, said -head having acoolant jacket communicatingwith portsin the end yfaces-t'jffthe head, the head-jacket ports being displaced circumferentiallyfrorn` the `blockljacket ports, andatleast one of said Aend faces being provided `with an annular groove finterconnecting said headejacket and block-jacket ports.

A References lCited in the'le of "this patent FOREIGN PATENTS italy Mar. si, `1931s

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