US2892745A - Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2892745A US2892745A US548656A US54865655A US2892745A US 2892745 A US2892745 A US 2892745A US 548656 A US548656 A US 548656A US 54865655 A US54865655 A US 54865655A US 2892745 A US2892745 A US 2892745A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- carbon
- silicon
- oil permeable
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100272852 Clostridium botulinum (strain Langeland / NCTC 10281 / Type F) F gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150007144 Intu gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Definitions
- This invention has as its object to provide an oil permeable steel of high tensile strength.
- steel is expanded by repeated heating to a required degree and permitting it to cool to produce growth of the steel so that its increased porosity results in increased permeability of the steel by lubricants.
- This oil permeable grown steel is adapted to be utilized effectively as sliding parts of machines including bearings, piston rings, cylinder liners, etc., and jigs for making machine parts.
- the above mentioned steel is kept heated at 900 C. for 20 hours and then cooled in furnace down to 400 C. at a cooling speed of 25 C./hour, and again kept heated at 750 C. for 25 hours and again cooled in furnace down to 400 C. at cooling speed of 60 C./hour.
- Ni no more than 2%
- Cr no more than 1%
- W no more than 3%
- Mo no more than 0.6%)
- Mn no more than 1%
- the method of producing oil permeable porous carbon steel comprising the steps of heating steel containing from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon and from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon and the balance substantially iron a first time to a temperature in the range of 650 C. to 1100" C. in inverse relationship to the silicon content for a period of about twenty hours and permitting the steel to cool in the furnace at a rate of about 25 C. per hour to about prec pita ed and the 400 C., heating the steel a second time to a temperature of about 750 C. for about twenty-five hours and permitting it to cool at a rate of about 60 C. per hour to about 400 C., subjecting the steel to a third heating to about 750 C. to 850 C. for a period relatively short as compared to each the period of the first and the second heatings and permitting it to cool at a rate of about 50 C. per hour comparable to the second controlled rate, and repeating the third heating and cooling for a total of about forty times.
- the carbon steel contains in addition at least one component selected from the group consisting of up to 2% nickel, up to 1% chromium, up to 3% tungsten, up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 1% manganese.
- f 7 As a new article of'manufacture, a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable. interconnected surface and body interior microscopic voids and having a composition of from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon and from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon and the remainder substantially iron.
- a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable interconnected surface and body ,-interior microscopic voids and having a composi- ,892,745 n A m tion of about 1.6% carbon, about 1% silicon, about 0.12% manganese, about 0.024% phosphorous, and the remainder iron.
- a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable interconnected surface and body interior microscopic voids and having a composition of from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon, from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon, at least one component selected from the group con'sistingof up to 2% nickel, up to 1% chromium, up to 3% tungsten, up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 1% manganese, and the remainder substantially iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
U td W m on. rERMEABLE STEEL fmrr on FORT MANUFACTURING SAME 5020 Kawasaki, Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan No Dra ing.- enpl tati u No mber 22,19
Ser a N9. 5 .48465 .v
' the like. This invention has as its object to provide an oil permeable steel of high tensile strength. In this invention, for this object, steel is expanded by repeated heating to a required degree and permitting it to cool to produce growth of the steel so that its increased porosity results in increased permeability of the steel by lubricants. This oil permeable grown steel is adapted to be utilized effectively as sliding parts of machines including bearings, piston rings, cylinder liners, etc., and jigs for making machine parts.
It is already known that cast iron grows due to the presence of its free graphite content, when it is subjected to repeated heating and cooling above and below its A transformation.
The process of growing cast iron to produce oil permeable cast iron, is disclosed in U.S. application Serial Number 344,891, filed on March 26, 1955, by the instant inventor, now U.S. Patent 2,763,583, issued September 18, 1956.
Since an ordinary steel does not grow into porous steel, in the absence of free graphite in its matrix, even when subjected to repeated heating and cooling above and below its A, transformation, porosity can never be produced. When steel, having been previously subjected to special heat treatment (that is, high temperature annealing), is graphitized into so-called graphitic stee I have discovered that its porosity increases when it is subjected to repeated heating and cooling above and below its A, transformation similar to the case with cast iron.
The graphitization of steel after high temperature annealing has been prior disclosed in the following publications:
(1) F. R. Bont & Mertin Fleshman: Metal Progress, 1937, p. 409.
(2) A. B. Wilder, T. 0. Tyson: Trans. A.S.M., 1948, p. 233.
(3) A. F. Sprankle: Iron Age, 1952, p. 108.
All of these relate to graphitic steel after high temperature annealing, which improves antiwear characteristics for lubricating behaviour of its free graphite and has been utilized as dies or the like. In accordance with my discovery, my instant invention is directed to the method or providing porosity, as the result of growth, to graphitic steels. Thus, by way of example, one steel that I used in my investigations had the following components and mechanical properties: C, 1.6%; Si, 1%; Mn, 0.12%; P, 0.24%; remainder Fe. Tensile strength, 80 kg./mm. Shore hardness, 52; specific gravity, 7.7; impact value (Izod), 9.
The above mentioned steel is kept heated at 900 C. for 20 hours and then cooled in furnace down to 400 C. at a cooling speed of 25 C./hour, and again kept heated at 750 C. for 25 hours and again cooled in furnace down to 400 C. at cooling speed of 60 C./hour. As a result,
some of the carbon .in the steel steel grows into graphitic steel.
Then is teel i s bj cted to sustained heating at approximately 750 C. to 850 Cu ma tis, above its A tr formatio p i t, f r 1.5. hours andis ooled-in air down to 400 C. a a c ling speed of 0 .C/hour. A ter o y ep i n of this .h at'tre tm ntflc nnect 5 c a ks are Prod ced a h gr n boundaries itlte' Precipitated phite, that is. it grows, "This grown steel. thus. obtained. sho s the tcllaw ng mechanical prope ie T le stre g h. 0 lie/intu S ardness, 35; are cific g a ity. ;-1 .mpat a1 l. 5
Finally i ro n s e 'is. .permeat dwi h mach e. at at c. for Q e-hear oi bath with a resu t tat-fit as, 5% f oil en by qlu ne- Grown steel obtained in accordance with this invention has approximately five times the;medhttnical-strengthatid approximately six times the ductility in comparison with an ordinary grown cast iron, of which latter the mechanical strength is 13-15 kg./mm. Steel treated according to my instant invention is very superior in every respect for heavily loaded machine elements involving sliding action such as, for example, bearings, piston rings and cylinder liners. As for the raw materials of grown steel, the situation is pretty much the same as in the case of gray cast iron; the silicon content of graphitic steel is a decisive factor in the precipitation of free graphite and at the same time the annealing temperature is more or less influenced by the silicon content. From various experiments which have been performed, it is concluded that graphitization in steel of 1.5% C occurs respectively for 0.5% Si at 970 to 1100 C., for 0.5% Si to 1% Si at 700 C. to 950 C., and for 1% Si to 2% Si at 650 C. to 700 C. For more than 2% Si, graphitization is further promoted, but is liable to produce serious cracks, eventuating in degeneration of its mechanical properties. Therefore a proper silicon content is 1% to 2% for approximately 1.5% C steel.
Further, in order to improve mechanical properties, other metals should be added adequately, for example, Ni (no more than 2%), Cr (no more than 1%), W (no more than 3%), Mo (no more than 0.6%) and Mn (no more than 1%).
I claim:
1. The method of producing oil permeable porous carbon steel comprising the steps of heating steel containing from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon and from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon and the balance substantially iron a first time to a temperature in the range of 650 C. to 1100" C. in inverse relationship to the silicon content for a period of about twenty hours and permitting the steel to cool in the furnace at a rate of about 25 C. per hour to about prec pita ed and the 400 C., heating the steel a second time to a temperature of about 750 C. for about twenty-five hours and permitting it to cool at a rate of about 60 C. per hour to about 400 C., subjecting the steel to a third heating to about 750 C. to 850 C. for a period relatively short as compared to each the period of the first and the second heatings and permitting it to cool at a rate of about 50 C. per hour comparable to the second controlled rate, and repeating the third heating and cooling for a total of about forty times.
2. The method according to claim 1 in which the steel contains substantially 1.5% carbon and substantially 0.5% silicon and the first heating is to a temperature in the range from 970 C. to 1100 C.
3. The method according to claim 1 in which the steel contains substantially 1.5% carbon and from 0.5% to 1.0% silicon and the first heating is to a temperature of from 700' C. to 950 C.
4. The method according to claim 1 in which the steel contains substantially 1.5% carbon and from 1% to 2% silicon and the first heating is to a temperature of from 650 C. to 700 C.
5. The method according to claim 1 in which the steel. contains about 1.6% carbon, 1% silicon, 0.12% manganese and 0.024% phosphorous and in which the first heating is .to a temperature of about 900 C., and the period for which the temperature of the third heatings is maintained is one and one-half hours.
,6. The method according to claim 1 in which the carbon steel contains in addition at least one component selected from the group consisting of up to 2% nickel, up to 1% chromium, up to 3% tungsten, up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 1% manganese. f 7. As a new article of'manufacture, a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable. interconnected surface and body interior microscopic voids and having a composition of from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon and from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon and the remainder substantially iron.
8. As a new article of manufacture, a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable interconnected surface and body ,-interior microscopic voids and having a composi- ,892,745 n A m tion of about 1.6% carbon, about 1% silicon, about 0.12% manganese, about 0.024% phosphorous, and the remainder iron.
9. As a new article of manufacture, a carbon-silicon steel defining oil permeable interconnected surface and body interior microscopic voids and having a composition of from 1.5% to 1.6% carbon, from 0.5% to 2.0% silicon, at least one component selected from the group con'sistingof up to 2% nickel, up to 1% chromium, up to 3% tungsten, up to 0.6% molybdenum and up to 1% manganese, and the remainder substantially iron.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Pack Oct. 7, 1924 Bont Dec. 31, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Bont et aL: 409-413.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US548656A US2892745A (en) | 1955-11-22 | 1955-11-22 | Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US548656A US2892745A (en) | 1955-11-22 | 1955-11-22 | Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2892745A true US2892745A (en) | 1959-06-30 |
Family
ID=24189807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US548656A Expired - Lifetime US2892745A (en) | 1955-11-22 | 1955-11-22 | Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2892745A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4173500A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1979-11-06 | Oiles Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing porous cast iron |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1511063A (en) * | 1916-10-28 | 1924-10-07 | Samuel B Pack | Art of treating cast iron |
| US2413602A (en) * | 1944-06-09 | 1946-12-31 | Timken Roller Bearing Co | Bearing steels |
-
1955
- 1955-11-22 US US548656A patent/US2892745A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1511063A (en) * | 1916-10-28 | 1924-10-07 | Samuel B Pack | Art of treating cast iron |
| US2413602A (en) * | 1944-06-09 | 1946-12-31 | Timken Roller Bearing Co | Bearing steels |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4173500A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1979-11-06 | Oiles Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing porous cast iron |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107557671B (en) | Microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101082097A (en) | High chromium cast iron having excellent fatigue crack resistance and process for producing the same | |
| US4838956A (en) | Method of producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron | |
| WO2015182586A1 (en) | Hot work tool material and method for manufacturing hot work tool | |
| CN108504959A (en) | A kind of Austenitic Medium Manganese Steel and preparation method thereof of composite alloying processing | |
| EP0668365B1 (en) | Graphitic steel compositions | |
| CN114214567B (en) | Ni 3 Al intermetallic compound precipitation-strengthened high-temperature bearing steel and preparation method thereof | |
| US2324322A (en) | High quality cast iron | |
| JPWO2016013273A1 (en) | Hot tool material, hot tool manufacturing method and hot tool | |
| CN113699446A (en) | Superfine high-toughness die steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107429345B (en) | The manufacturing method of cold-working tool materials and cold-working tool | |
| US2413602A (en) | Bearing steels | |
| US2892745A (en) | Oil permeable steel and method for manufacturing the same | |
| CA1229508A (en) | Method of making high strength ferritic ductile iron parts | |
| CN113136529B (en) | Medium manganese drill rod and preparation method thereof | |
| EP0526467A4 (en) | Air hardening steel | |
| EP0217498A1 (en) | Hardenable cast iron | |
| CN112011740B (en) | High-toughness and high-hardness die steel and preparation method thereof | |
| JPS63166929A (en) | Production of gray cast iron having increased abrasion resistance and toughness | |
| US2875109A (en) | Method for the isothermal treatment of alloys after casting | |
| Alabi et al. | Production of Austempered Ductile Iron with Optimum Sulphur level for effective Mechanical Properties | |
| JP2016069728A (en) | Cold tool material and method of manufacturing cold tool | |
| KR100946129B1 (en) | A spheroidizing annealing method to soften medium carbon steel rapidly | |
| EP0020357A4 (en) | Lower bainite alloy steel article. | |
| JPS5959825A (en) | Heat treatment of tough and strong spheroidal graphite cast iron |