US2888347A - High-speed print-out emulsions - Google Patents

High-speed print-out emulsions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2888347A
US2888347A US509111A US50911155A US2888347A US 2888347 A US2888347 A US 2888347A US 509111 A US509111 A US 509111A US 50911155 A US50911155 A US 50911155A US 2888347 A US2888347 A US 2888347A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
silver
speed
silver nitrate
print
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US509111A
Inventor
Thomas R Thompson
Joseph E Duffy
Henry T Dybvig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAF Chemicals Corp
Original Assignee
General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority to US509111A priority Critical patent/US2888347A/en
Priority to GB12154/56A priority patent/GB795042A/en
Priority to DEG19640A priority patent/DE1036637B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2888347A publication Critical patent/US2888347A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/49—Print-out and photodevelopable emulsions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/02—Dosimeters
    • G01T1/08—Photographic dosimeters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high-speed, print-out emulsions and, particularly, to such emulsions of sufiiciently high speed to enable them to be used, inter alia, in the indication of and evaluation of the quantity of ionizing radiation present in a particular area.
  • the photosensitive elements contemplated herein are prepared by casting on a suitable base, such as paper or the like, an emulsion containing a substantial quantity of silver citrate.
  • a suitable base such as paper or the like
  • the silver citrate is prepared in situ in the presence of the emulsion or the components thereof.
  • a technique which we have found to yield the desired results involves the addition to a solution of potassium bromide and sodium chloride in gelatin of an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate.
  • the resulting emulsion is chilled, shredded and washed to remove excess water soluble salts. It is then remelted and there is added to this melt an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate. This mixture is maintained at about 32 C. and then coated within a period of say about 1% hours. It is found that with such an emulsion, the silver citrate operates to permit development of an image without resorting to the usual developing agents.
  • Part II is added to Part I at C. After a period of 20 minutes, the mixture is chilled, shredded and washed for 30 minutes.
  • the resulting mixture is held at 32 C. with no agitation and, after a period of say 1% hours, is coated on a base such as paper.
  • Such an emulsion when utilized in lieu of the highspeed film presently employed in monitoring badges, permits a direct reading of the intensity of the rays impinging on the photosensitive element.
  • a process of making a high-speed, print-out emulsion which comprises precipitating silver chloride and silver bromide by reaction in gelatin of silver nitrate with potassium bromide and sodium chloride chilling the reaction mixture to cause it to jell, washing to remove excess water soluble salts remelting the emulsion and adding thereto an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate to precipitate silver citrate throughout the emulsion.
  • a high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 1.
  • a high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 2.

Description

United States Pater 2,888,347 HIGH-SPEED PRINT-OUT EMULSIONS Thomas R. Thompson, Joseph E. Unity, and Henry T.
Dybvig, Binghamton, N.Y., assignors to General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 17, 1955 Serial No. 509,111
4 Claims. (Cl. 96-94) The present invention relates to high-speed, print-out emulsions and, particularly, to such emulsions of sufiiciently high speed to enable them to be used, inter alia, in the indication of and evaluation of the quantity of ionizing radiation present in a particular area.
The development of methods leading to the fission of the atom has made it imperative that persons, subject to radioactive rays encountered with such development, be provided with means for indicating the intensity of the rays encountered. To this end, devices known as radiation monitoring badges operating with high-speed film have been devised. Such devices, however, as is evident, require that the film be processed before the ray dosage can be determined. Delays are thus encountered in arriving at an evaluation of the radioactive rays present.
It has now been discovered that these delays may be avoided by substituting for the high-speed film generally employed a photographic element bearing a high-speed, print-out emulsion permitting a dosage indication on direct inspection. Such photosensitive elements, and the preparation of the emulsions therefor, constitute the purposes and objects of the present invention.
The photosensitive elements contemplated herein are prepared by casting on a suitable base, such as paper or the like, an emulsion containing a substantial quantity of silver citrate. The silver citrate is prepared in situ in the presence of the emulsion or the components thereof.
A technique which we have found to yield the desired results involves the addition to a solution of potassium bromide and sodium chloride in gelatin of an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate. The resulting emulsion is chilled, shredded and washed to remove excess water soluble salts. It is then remelted and there is added to this melt an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate. This mixture is maintained at about 32 C. and then coated within a period of say about 1% hours. It is found that with such an emulsion, the silver citrate operates to permit development of an image without resorting to the usual developing agents.
The following example will further illustrate the invention, although it is to be understood that the invention is not to be restricted thereto.
Water to make 37.5 cc.
Part II is added to Part I at C. After a period of 20 minutes, the mixture is chilled, shredded and washed for 30 minutes.
The product thus obtained is remelted and there is then added to 313 grams of the above product the following solutions in the indicated order:
(1) 6.25 grams of citric acid dissolved in water to make 20 cc.;
(2) 25 cc. of silver nitrate (50%).
The resulting mixture is held at 32 C. with no agitation and, after a period of say 1% hours, is coated on a base such as paper.
Such an emulsion, when utilized in lieu of the highspeed film presently employed in monitoring badges, permits a direct reading of the intensity of the rays impinging on the photosensitive element.
We claim:
1. A process of making a high-speed, print-out emulsion which comprises precipitating silver chloride and silver bromide by reaction in gelatin of silver nitrate with potassium bromide and sodium chloride chilling the reaction mixture to cause it to jell, washing to remove excess water soluble salts remelting the emulsion and adding thereto an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver nitrate to precipitate silver citrate throughout the emulsion.
2. The process as defined in claim 1, wherein the reaction designed to precipitate the silver halide is effected with an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate.
3. A high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 1.
4. A high-speed, print-out film comprising a base carrying an emulsion prepared as in claim 2.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 50,544 Smith Oct. 17, 1865 240,262 Lutz Apr. 19, 1881 FOREIGN PATENTS 471,366 Great Britain Sept. 2, 1937

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS OF MAKING A HIGH-SPEED, PINT-OUT EMULSION WHICH COMPRISES PRECIPITATING SILVER CHLORIDE AND SILVER BROMIDE BY REACTION IN GELATIN OF SILVER NITRATE WITH POTASSIUM BROMIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CHILLING THE REACTION MIXTURE TO CAUSE IT TO JELL, WASHING TO REMOVE AXCESS WATER SOLUBLE SALTS, REMELTING THE EMULSION AND ADDING THERETO AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CRITIC ACID AND SILVER NITRATE TO PRECIPITATE SILVER CITRATE THROUGHOUT THE EMULSION.
US509111A 1955-05-17 1955-05-17 High-speed print-out emulsions Expired - Lifetime US2888347A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US509111A US2888347A (en) 1955-05-17 1955-05-17 High-speed print-out emulsions
GB12154/56A GB795042A (en) 1955-05-17 1956-04-20 High speed, print-out emulsions
DEG19640A DE1036637B (en) 1955-05-17 1956-05-16 Process for the production of highly sensitive emulsions for the copying process

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US509111A US2888347A (en) 1955-05-17 1955-05-17 High-speed print-out emulsions

Publications (1)

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US2888347A true US2888347A (en) 1959-05-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US509111A Expired - Lifetime US2888347A (en) 1955-05-17 1955-05-17 High-speed print-out emulsions

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2888347A (en)
DE (1) DE1036637B (en)
GB (1) GB795042A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409436A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-11-05 Gaf Corp Light-sensitive silver halide print-out emulsions

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3143419A (en) * 1960-06-02 1964-08-04 Eastman Kodak Co High-speed printout emulsions containing silver iodide and silver oxalate
DE1804289C2 (en) * 1967-10-23 1985-01-10 Fuji Shashin Film K.K., Minami-ashigara, Kanagawa Process for the preparation of crystals of a slightly soluble inorganic salt

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB471366A (en) *
US50544A (en) * 1865-10-17 Improvement in photography
US240262A (en) * 1881-04-19 Phototypography

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB471366A (en) *
US50544A (en) * 1865-10-17 Improvement in photography
US240262A (en) * 1881-04-19 Phototypography

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409436A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-11-05 Gaf Corp Light-sensitive silver halide print-out emulsions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB795042A (en) 1958-05-14
DE1036637B (en) 1958-08-14

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