US2886724A - X-ray tubes - Google Patents

X-ray tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2886724A
US2886724A US646360A US64636057A US2886724A US 2886724 A US2886724 A US 2886724A US 646360 A US646360 A US 646360A US 64636057 A US64636057 A US 64636057A US 2886724 A US2886724 A US 2886724A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
hood
coolant
target
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US646360A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gottfrid W Steen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Machlett Laboratories Inc
Original Assignee
Machlett Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Machlett Laboratories Inc filed Critical Machlett Laboratories Inc
Priority to US646360A priority Critical patent/US2886724A/en
Priority to GB7286/58A priority patent/GB827348A/en
Priority to CH345952D priority patent/CH345952A/fr
Priority to FR1202312D priority patent/FR1202312A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2886724A publication Critical patent/US2886724A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
    • H01J35/13—Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/16—Vessels
    • H01J2235/165—Shielding arrangements
    • H01J2235/168—Shielding arrangements against charged particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to X-ray tubes and has particular reference to cooling means for the anodes of X-ray tubes.
  • the present invention is concerned with an improved cooling system for X-ray tubes of the types which are adapted to be cooled by the introduction into the interior of the anode of a suitable liquid coolant such as oil or water.
  • an anode structure is axially mounted within a glass envelope and carries a target which is adapted to be bombarded by electrons from a suitable cathode for the production of X-radiation.
  • bombardment causes the anode, particularly in the areas adjacent the target, to attain a temperature high enough to require means for dissipating the heat to prevent damage to or even destruction of the anode.
  • the anode is provided with an integral tubular hood or shield which extends beyond the target toward the cathode and thus forms a restricted enclosure through which electrons flow as they pass from the cathode to the anode.
  • the hood is for the purpose of providing an X-ray shield as well as a means of confining secondary or stray electrons within the hood and thereby reducing the number of such electrons which are enabled to bombard the glass envelope.
  • Such a hood also prevents, to a great extent, bombardment of the outer surfaces of the anode by secondary electrons, which causes undesirable secondary X-radiation.
  • An X-ray transparent window is mounted in one of the walls of the hood to permit restricted exit of X-radiation produced by electron bombardment of the target.
  • Another object is to provide an X-ray tube anode with cooling means which functions efiiciently to lower the temperature of the anode in areas additional to the area immediately rearwardly of the target.
  • a further object is the provision, in an X-ray tube embodying a hooded anode having a window therein, of means for providing a large area of anode material, including the hood, in contact with coolant for reducing theoverall temperature of the anode.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of an X-ray tube embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the anode partly in axial section and partly with only the outer casing removed, illustrating particularly the cooling means thereof;
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially on line 33 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • an X-ray tube which embodies a cylindrical dielectric envelope 10 having integral end portions 11 and 12 of reduced diameter. End portion 12 has a reentrant part 13 which terminates in a stem press 14 carrying a conventional cathode structure 15.
  • the cathode structure 15 embodies an electron emitting filament 16 and focusing means 17 of a suitable type for aiding in beaming electrons liberated by the filament 16 toward an anode 18.
  • the anode 18 is essentially a block 19 of copper which is supported on the inner end of a reentrant part 20 of the end portion 11 of the envelope by suitable means such as tubular structure 21.
  • the anode 18 is provided in its end nearest the cathode with a recess 22 having at the base thereof a tungsten target 23 which is embedded in the material from which the anode is formed.
  • the target 23 is disposed at a predetermined angular relation to the axis of the tube so as to aid in more efficiently directing X-radiation through a Window 24 formed of beryllium or other selected metal relatively transparent to X-rays.
  • Such X-radiation is emitted in the conventional and well-known manner by the target 23 upon bombardment by the electrons from the cathode.
  • hood 25 The provision of the recess 22 in the end of the anode facing the cathode forms a hood 25 about the target 23 extending a substantial distance in the direction of the cathode.
  • This hood 25 partially encloses the target and thereby restricts emission from the tube of unused X-radiation, and also confines the major portion of secondary electron emission within the hood and thereby 3 reduces bombardment of the glass envelope and anode exterior by secondary electrons.
  • the window 24 is mounted within an opening 26 (Fig. 2) in the hood 25 by any suitable means.
  • means for cooling the interior of the anode block 19 as well as portions thereof nearer the surface, and the hood 25.
  • An inlet pipe 28 is connected at one end, as by a nut 29, to a suitable source of coolant such as oil or water.
  • the inlet pipe 28 extends coaxially within the reentrant part 20 of the envelope and the tubular anode-supporting structure 21, and is connected to the anode 18.
  • the inner end of the pipe 28 carries a jetsupporting member 30 (Fig. 2) secured within one end of a sleeve 31 which is brazed or otherwise fixedly supported within a bore 32 in the adjacent end of the anode block 19.
  • inlet pipe 28 communicates with a conical-shaped chamber 33 in member 30 whereby it can expel coolant into the chamber.
  • the inner wall of the member 30, which is nearest the target 28, carries a plurality of jets 34 which extend into a corresponding number of individual passages 35 provided in the anode block 19. Coolant which is urged under pressure through the inlet pipe 28 passes from the chamber 33 into the jets 3-4 and is forcibly ejected with considerable velocity onto the walls of the passageways 35. Since the passageways extend well into the anode block 19 and terminate near the target 23, the coolant will function to reduce the temperature of the interior portion of the anode.
  • the coolant passes from the passageways, or other chamber rearwardly of the target, directly through suitable conduit means to the exterior of the tube structure.
  • the means for cooling additional portions of the anode comprises two longitudinal channels or chambers 37 and 38 which are located near the surface of the anode block 19 and extend into the hood 25 (Figs. 2 and 3).
  • the channels 37 and 38 are formed by providing longitudinal recesses in the surface of the anode block 19 and hood 25 and subsequently enclosing the block and hood within a casing 36.
  • One side of each channel extends near a respective side of the window opening 26 in hood 25, and the adjacent sides of the channels are spaced by portions of the anode block and hood so that communication between the channels is prevented throughout their lengths.
  • Both channels 37 and 38 terminate in an annular channel 39 (Figs. 1 and 2) which is provided within the end of the hood which is nearest the cathode.
  • channel 37 communicates with bore 32 by means of a plurality of openings 40 (Fig. 3) through which coolant is permitted to flow from bore 32 into channel 37.
  • openings 40 Fig. 3
  • the coolant flows through annular channel 39 into channel 38, and then again lengthwise along the opposite side of the hood and anode block through channel 38.
  • the coolant is blocked by a mounting ring 41 (Fig. 2) which seals the space between the sleeve 31 and inner end of the casing 36 and deflects the coolant through ports 42 in sleeve 31 into the space between the jet-supporting member 30 and adjacent end of a tubular member 43.
  • the tubular member 43 is threaded into sleeve 31 and has fixed to it one end of an outlet pipe 44, the outlet pipe and tubular member 43 encircling the inlet pipe 28 in spaced relation therewith so that the coolant can exit by passing outwardly through member 43 and outlet pipe 44 exteriorly of the inlet pipe 28.
  • any suitable means may be provided in the outlet pipe 44 outside the tube for ejecting the coolant therefrom.
  • An X-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode in spaced relation, the anode having a main body portion and a hood projecting therefrom in the direction of the cathode and encircling a portion of the anode-cathode interelectrode space, a target in the main body portion and within the hood, and cooling means for the anode comprising inlet and outlet conduits extending from the main body portion to the exterior of the envelope, longitudinal spaced channels within and adjacent the surface of the anode and extending through the main body portion and the hood, the channels being respectively connected to the inlet and outlet conduits at one end, and a connecting channel in the hood joining together the opposite ends.
  • An X-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope assayed enclosing an anode and a cathode in spaced relation, the anode having a main body portion and a hood extending in the direction of the cathode, the main body portion having a target encircled by the hood and facing the cathode, and a cooling system for the anode comprising inlet and outlet conduit means extending from the anode exteriorly of the envelope, inclosure means internally of the anode rearwardly of the target and connected with one of said conduit means, and channels within the main body portion of the anode adjacent the surface thereof having one end extending within the hood, the channels being in communication with the inclosure means and being connected with the other of said conduit means, the inclosure means being adapted to receive coolant for primarily cooling the interior portions of the anode, and the channels being adapted to receive coolant for cooling portions of the anode which are not effectively cooled by the coolant in the inclosure means.
  • An X-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode in spaced relation, the anode having a main body portion with a target in the surface thereof facing the cathode and a tubular hood extending from the main body portion in the direction of the cathode and encircling the target and a portion of the anode-cathode interelectrode space, a window in the hood transparent to X-rays, and means for cooling the anode comprising, inlet and outlet conduit means extending from the main body portion of the anode exteriorly of the envelope, an inclosure internally of the anode rearwardly of the target and connected with one of said conduit means whereby upon introduction of coolant into the inclosure the adjacent interior portions of the anode will be substantially cooled thereby, a pair of spaced longitudinal channels within and adjacent the surface of the anode and extending through the main body portion and the hood on opposite sides of the window, a passage connecting one of
  • An X-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode in spaced relation, the anode having a main body portion with a target in the surface thereof facing the cathode and a tubular hood extending from the main body portion toward the cathode and encircling the target and a portion of the anode-cathode interelectrode space, a window in the hood transparent to X-rays, inlet and outlet conduit means extending from the main body portion exteriorly of the envelope, means for cooling the interior portions of the anode rearwardly of the target comprising an inclosure in said interior portion of the anode connected with one of said conduit means whereby upon introduction of coolant into the inclosure during operation of the tube the temperatures of the adjacent interior portions of the anode will be lowered, and means for cooling surface portions of the anode comprising a pair of spaced longitudinal channels within and adjacent the surface of the anode and extending through the main body portion and the
  • An X-ray tube comprising an evacuated envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode in spaced relation, the anode having a target in the surface thereof facing the cathode, a tubular hood extending from the anode and encircling a portion of the anode-cathode interelectrode space, a window in the hood transparent to X-rays, a chamber within the interior of the anode rearwardly of the target, an inlet pipe carried by the anode and extending from the chamber therein exteriorly of the envelope, first and second spaced longitudinal channels within and adjacent the surface of the anode and extending into the hood on opposite sides of the window, the channels each being of a width greater than the width of the spaces therebetween, the first of the longitudinal channels being connected at one end with the chamber, for passage of coolant into said channel from the chamber, an annular channel within the hood in the end thereof nearest the cathode and connecting together the adjacent ends of the two longitudinal channels for passage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US646360A 1957-03-15 1957-03-15 X-ray tubes Expired - Lifetime US2886724A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US646360A US2886724A (en) 1957-03-15 1957-03-15 X-ray tubes
GB7286/58A GB827348A (en) 1957-03-15 1958-03-06 Improvements in x-ray tubes
CH345952D CH345952A (fr) 1957-03-15 1958-03-14 Tube à rayons X
FR1202312D FR1202312A (fr) 1957-03-15 1958-03-15 Tubes à rayons chi

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US646360A US2886724A (en) 1957-03-15 1957-03-15 X-ray tubes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2886724A true US2886724A (en) 1959-05-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US646360A Expired - Lifetime US2886724A (en) 1957-03-15 1957-03-15 X-ray tubes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2886724A (fr)
CH (1) CH345952A (fr)
FR (1) FR1202312A (fr)
GB (1) GB827348A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0034768A2 (fr) * 1980-02-12 1981-09-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé de fabrication d'une anode de tube à rayons X
US4767961A (en) * 1981-02-17 1988-08-30 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. X-ray generator cooling system
US20060013966A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2006-01-19 Jan Koninckx Crucible for evaporation of raw materials
CN104362061A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2015-02-18 丹东市无损检测设备有限公司 金属陶瓷x射线管的水冷阳极装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2089109B (en) * 1980-12-03 1985-05-15 Machlett Lab Inc X-rays targets and tubes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1655455A (en) * 1923-09-29 1928-01-10 Gen Electric X-ray apparatus
US2480198A (en) * 1945-11-26 1949-08-30 Machlett Lab Inc Electrical discharge tube
US2790102A (en) * 1955-10-04 1957-04-23 Dunlee Corp X-ray tube anode

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1655455A (en) * 1923-09-29 1928-01-10 Gen Electric X-ray apparatus
US2480198A (en) * 1945-11-26 1949-08-30 Machlett Lab Inc Electrical discharge tube
US2790102A (en) * 1955-10-04 1957-04-23 Dunlee Corp X-ray tube anode

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0034768A2 (fr) * 1980-02-12 1981-09-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé de fabrication d'une anode de tube à rayons X
US4400824A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha X-Ray tube with single crystalline copper target member
EP0034768B1 (fr) * 1980-02-12 1984-11-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé de fabrication d'une anode de tube à rayons X
US4767961A (en) * 1981-02-17 1988-08-30 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. X-ray generator cooling system
US20060013966A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2006-01-19 Jan Koninckx Crucible for evaporation of raw materials
CN104362061A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2015-02-18 丹东市无损检测设备有限公司 金属陶瓷x射线管的水冷阳极装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB827348A (en) 1960-02-03
FR1202312A (fr) 1960-01-08
CH345952A (fr) 1960-04-30

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