US2883494A - Pneumatic blow-out in circuit breakers - Google Patents

Pneumatic blow-out in circuit breakers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2883494A
US2883494A US395565A US39556553A US2883494A US 2883494 A US2883494 A US 2883494A US 395565 A US395565 A US 395565A US 39556553 A US39556553 A US 39556553A US 2883494 A US2883494 A US 2883494A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
nozzle
jet
chamber
contacts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US395565A
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English (en)
Inventor
Latour Andre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7038—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H01H33/7046—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electric interrupters or circuit breakers which effect the extinction of the are through or after division or elongation of the are or both, be it in the interior of a current breaking chamber, or be it even in the free atmosphere.
  • interrupters generally are operative through the so-called magnetic blow-out, or, in certain cases, also through combination or addition of electromagnetic and eiectrodynamic effects.
  • the inventor has recognized that the cause of this unsatisfactory operation of an air jet lies in the phenomenon that the air, which moves with high velocity, produces a suction effect on the ambient medium which as a result draws the gaseous molecules of the vicinity towards the concentrated blast column.
  • the body of the are thus is deformed with two lateral branches which tend to cling along the jet whilst, likewise owing to the suction efiect, the roots of the are upon the arc drawing contacts are solicited in a direction rather opposite to that which is desired.
  • the air jet be made movable in order to sweep successively the various parts of the are drawing and extinguishing chamber, the result would not be better, the arc would be displaced together with the jet without however expanding as desired.
  • the air blast nozzle has an orifice with a passage spreading outwardly fan-wise in the plane of the arc development and expansion, the jet ejected from the air blast nozzle thus being in the shape of a fan the plane of which is that within which the are 2,883,494 Patented Apr. 21, 1959 is to be displaced.
  • the fan-wise spread opening is conically enlarged towards the sides and is of a width such that the air blast sweeps directly the arc drawing contacts together with the space therebetween. A large part, if not the whole of the chamber thus is subjected simultaneously to the action of the air current.
  • a tube may be employed the orifice of which has been conveniently flattened.
  • This orifice may present itself in the form of a greatly elongated ellipse, or of a rectangular slot, or may be of saw teeth form.
  • Several small blow orifices may be arranged so that the orifice comprises a set of ducts or bores through the otherwise closed head of the nozzle and spread in fan-wise arrangement with diverging axes, corresponding to the rays of the fan which are to be obtained.
  • the nozzle may also comprise two jets directed towards each other similar to the two jets of a burner of the butterfly type.
  • the jet or the jets may also be directed upon a plane surface, for instance upon the lateral face of one of the contacts, upon which it breaks and displays or expands in fan-shape. It will be understood that generally any convenient or conventional means may be utilized through which a fan-shaped jet is ejected from a nozzle.
  • Fig. 1 is a fractional elevational view partly in section of an are drawing chamber with a conventional blow nozzle of cylindric form;
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of an are drawing chamber provided with a nozzle of an orifice with a fan-wise spread passage in accordance with the invention
  • Figs. 3 and 4; 5 and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10, respectively are elevational sections and top views of the head parts of nozzles of the invention for fan-wise spreading the blow jet;
  • Fig. 11 is a fractional elevational view, partly in section, of an are drawing chamber with a blow nozzle of the invention with asymmetric head and asymmetrically disposed relatively to the are drawing contacts;
  • Fig. 12 is a similar view of an arc drawing chamber provided with a blow nozzle of the invention movable with the mobile contact of a circuit breaker.
  • 11 and 12 are the are drawing contacts or arc horns, along which the roots of the are are to be displaced, the purpose of these contacts being to allow the current breaking are to expand and to rise into the interior of the current breaking chamber.
  • These contacts are disposed preponderantly in a symmetry plane of the circuit breaker, viz. the plane in which the arc is to develop and expand.
  • the operative or are extinguishing part of this chamber may be formed by a series or stack of plates 13, schematically and diagrammatically indicated in Figs. 1, 2, 11, and 12, perpendicularly to the plane of the figures.
  • Fig. 1 thus, by way of comparison, illustrates a conventional air blast nozzle 14 which directs an air jet 15, approximately cylindrical or even slightly conical, transversely of the are.
  • the arc is supposed to have already been drawn between two contacts, in a manner not shown on the drawings, and to have attached itself at 16 and 17, Fig. l, to the arc drawing contacts 11 and 12.
  • the effect of such a jet is unsatisfactory. Outside the region which the jet immediately sweeps, the ambient medium is energetically drawn to the jet with the result that the parts of the electric are at the sides of the jet cannot freely develop but, as Fig.
  • a jet of fan-shape is utilized in the plane in which the arc develops, or in the plane of the drawing, Fig. 2, the are on a substantial part of its length if not on its entire length is subjected to the action of the air blast. Moreover, the roots of the arc are directly driven to the ends 18, 19 of the inclined parts of the contacts. The extinguishing effect of the chamber 13, whichever the mode of its operation may be, will thus become effective over a length of the are which is a multiple of that of Fig. 1. The efficiency of the chamber thus is increased and, finally, the risk of a short-circuit is obviously excluded.
  • the nozzles may be of various types.
  • the fan-shape of the jet is obtained by means of a nozzle 20 which is flattened from a cylindrical tube 21 so that towards the sides a conically enlarged, otherwise narrowed orifice with correspondingly elongated mouth results.
  • the orifice of the nozzle 22 is produced through an oblique slot 23 through the otherwise closed head or cap 24 of the nozzle.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a nozzle 25 with a head 26 comprising two orifices 27, 28 directed generally towards each other, similar to the two jets of a butterfly burner.
  • the jet in fanshape results from a series of elementary jets obtained by means of a range of openings or ducts 31, 32, 33, 34, worked into a head piece or cap 35 which otherwise closes the blow conduit 36.
  • the orifice need not be symmetric with regard to the axis of the nozzle but may be asymmetric as Figs. 9 and illustrate. Ever according to the position of such an asymmetric nozzle with relation to the fixed and mobile contacts, for instance of the nozzle 39 with flattened,
  • the jet 4 may be oriented in the sense whichever appears to be the most favorable, always under the condition that the fan-wise spreading of the jet ensues in the plane in which the arc is to be developed and expanded, as Fig. 11 illustrates.
  • the jet need not sweep simultaneously the whole of the chamber 13 as hereinabove described with reference to Figs. 2 and 11.
  • the nozzle 41, 42 appropriately secured to the mobile contact 43, by means not shown here in detail, may be displaced together with the mobile contact and thus on the course of its displacement may sweep successively the various regions of the chamber.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates two positions, the one in full lines corresponding to the closed position of the mobile contact, the other in broken lines to the open position of this contact. The blowing eifect will set in with the moment at which the contacts open and the arc is drawn and will effectively follow the development and expansion of the arc.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the magnetic blow-out type comprising an arc chute and pneumatic means for driving the are into the arc chute, such pneumatic means including a nozzle for an air jet, and means defining an orifice in the nozzle having a passage spreading outwardly fan-wise in the plane of the arc development and expansion, the orifice comprising a set of ducts through the otherwise closed head of the nozzle and with diverging axes in fan-wise spread arrangement.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the magnetic blow-out type comprising an arc chute and pneumatic means for driving the are into the arc chute, such pneumatic means including a nozzle for an air jet, and means defining an orifice in the nozzle having a passage spreading outwardly fan-wise in the plane of the arc development and expension, the nozzle comprising two orifices generally directed towards each other similar to the two jets of a butterfly burner.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the magnetic blow-out type comprising an arc chute and pneumatic means for driving the are into the arc chute, such pneumatic means including a nozzle for an air jet, and means defining an orifice in the nozzle having a passage spreading outwardly fan-wise in the plane of the are development and expansion, the orifice comprising an oblique slot through the otherwise closed head of the nozzle.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the magnetic blow-out type having an arc developing chamber, an arc extinguishing chamber, at least one mobile contact and a pair of are drawing contacts diverging within the arc developing chamber towards the arc extinguishing chamber; said circuit breaker including an air blast nozzle having an orifice with a flat passage diverging in the plane of the arc development and expansion; said air blast nozzle being disposed at said mobile contact so as to be displaceable therewith, said nozzle being further shaped and disposed so as for the air jet, following the movement of the mobile contact and the development and expansion of the arc, to sweep, while being displaced, over and across the space between and above the contacts and the roots along the contacts and thus to sweep successively the entire arc development and expansion space.
  • An electric circuit breaker of the magnetic blowout type having an are developing chamber, an are extinguishing chamber, and a pair of arc drawing contacts diverging within the are developing chamber towards the arc extinguishing chamber; said circuit breaker including an air blast nozzle displaceable across the plane of the arc development and expansion, said nozzle having an orifice with a passage spreading outwardly fan-wise in said plane of the arc development and expansion, said nozzle being further shaped and disposed relatively to said contacts and the space confined therebetween, so as, for the air jet ejected from the nozzle on movement thereof, to sweep successively said space, from contact to 5 contact, and displace the roots of the are along said di- 2,347,984 verging contacts and the arc through the are developing 2,349,681 chamber into the arc extinguishing chamber.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US395565A 1953-01-13 1953-12-01 Pneumatic blow-out in circuit breakers Expired - Lifetime US2883494A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE759938X 1953-01-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2883494A true US2883494A (en) 1959-04-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US395565A Expired - Lifetime US2883494A (en) 1953-01-13 1953-12-01 Pneumatic blow-out in circuit breakers

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US (1) US2883494A (US06653308-20031125-C00197.png)
BE (1) BE516895A (US06653308-20031125-C00197.png)
FR (1) FR1089147A (US06653308-20031125-C00197.png)
GB (1) GB759938A (US06653308-20031125-C00197.png)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431878A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-02-14 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Compression piston switch

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1168741A (fr) * 1957-03-01 1958-12-15 Perfectionnement aux disjoncteurs

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1334645A (en) * 1917-01-13 1920-03-23 Bechoff Ferdinand Air-break switch
GB299700A (en) * 1927-10-29 1929-08-01 Siemens Ag Electric switch gear with air blast
DE600686C (de) * 1928-02-22 1934-07-28 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Loescheinrichtung fuer Ausschaltlichtbogen unter Benutzung eines Gasstromes
US2347984A (en) * 1943-04-17 1944-05-02 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2349681A (en) * 1941-05-24 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US2491964A (en) * 1946-08-22 1949-12-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air blast circuit interrupter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1334645A (en) * 1917-01-13 1920-03-23 Bechoff Ferdinand Air-break switch
GB299700A (en) * 1927-10-29 1929-08-01 Siemens Ag Electric switch gear with air blast
DE600686C (de) * 1928-02-22 1934-07-28 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Loescheinrichtung fuer Ausschaltlichtbogen unter Benutzung eines Gasstromes
US2349681A (en) * 1941-05-24 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US2347984A (en) * 1943-04-17 1944-05-02 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2491964A (en) * 1946-08-22 1949-12-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air blast circuit interrupter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431878A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-02-14 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Compression piston switch

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Publication number Publication date
BE516895A (US06653308-20031125-C00197.png)
GB759938A (en) 1956-10-24
FR1089147A (fr) 1955-03-15

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