US2877136A - Separators for electrical storage batteries - Google Patents

Separators for electrical storage batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
US2877136A
US2877136A US508636A US50863655A US2877136A US 2877136 A US2877136 A US 2877136A US 508636 A US508636 A US 508636A US 50863655 A US50863655 A US 50863655A US 2877136 A US2877136 A US 2877136A
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Prior art keywords
sheet
resin
water soluble
paper
impregnating
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US508636A
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Booth Frank
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British Fibrak Separator Co Ltd
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British Fibrak Separator Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/429—Natural polymers
    • H01M50/4295—Natural cotton, cellulose or wood
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the main object of the present invention is to devise a method of producing material intended for use in making separators which gives greatly increased flexibility, whilst maintaining sutlicient mechanical strength for the separator in use and extensive permeability.
  • the present invention consists in the manufacture of separator material, for use in making separators for electric storage batteries, from paper pulp impregnated with a polyvinyl latice or rubber latex.
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp is characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of -30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35-40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
  • a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex
  • a small proportion e. g. 1-5% of a water soluble wetting agent may be incorporated in the latex.
  • a water soluble wetting agent may be incorporated in the latex.
  • the invention also comprises the dried latex impregnated paper pulp separator material, having a latex content of from 5 to 25%.
  • a roll of paper formed from a paper pulp material is indicated at 1, the roll being rotatable about an axis member indicated at 2.
  • the paper indicated at 3 passes over a roller 4 and into a bath generally indicated at 5, in which the paper is floated on the surface of a polyvinyl latice, with which is admixed a small proportion e. g. 1-5% of a water soluble wetting agent, for example, the sulphonated oil sold on the open market under the registered trademark Calsolene H. 8., until the sheet picks up about 25% of the latex.
  • a water soluble wetting agent for example, the sulphonated oil sold on the open market under the registered trademark Calsolene H. 8.
  • the impregnation of the paper sheet with latex en- ICC sures the final separator having great flexibility, which, is I a particularly desirable attribute in the material during the formation of ribs, particularly if the material is.
  • the impregnated sheet is then dried to a moisture content of approximately 10%, by passing the ribbon through a tunnel type of drier indicated at 6, and thereafter impregnated with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin of a concentration ample, a phenolic resin such as resin, which resin is capable of form an acid-resisting polymer.
  • the essential characteristics of the acid-resistant medium are that the resin shall resist battery acid, coat the fibres well, and react to a relatively inert, infusible stage resin in the presence of heat, audit will be understood that other water soluble resins possessing these characteristics, such as, for example, the furfuraldehyde resins and creol resins, may equally well vbe employed in carrying out the present invention.
  • the sheet is allowed to take up from 30 to 10% of resin solids, the impregnation being efiected by floating the paper sheet on of the resin in a at 7.
  • the paper sheet After leaving the resin bath 7, the paper sheet passes between squeeze rollers which extract surplus resin solution, the pressure applied being such as to leave in the paper sheet after it has been dried a residue equal to about 10-30% of the dried paper pulp material.
  • the squeeze rollers preferably are constituted by an upper roller 8 of steel and a rubber-surfaced lower roller 9.
  • a tunnel type of drier indicated at 10 effects the necessary drying of the impregnated paper sheet, that is, leaving in the sheet a moisture content of from 5 to 10%.
  • the sheet material is finally reeled into a roll 11, which roll rotates as it is being developed about an axial member 12.
  • separators may be produced having improved flexibility, as well as possessing great mechanical strength and extensive electrolyte permeable areas.
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
  • a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%
  • an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of Patented Mar. 10, 1959 of about 40%, for exa phenolformaldehyde being polymerised to 1 the surface of the aqueous solution warm resin bath generally indicated between 5 to 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a'result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally driving the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latex having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying theimpregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water-soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impreg-nations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
  • a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latex having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latice having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally driving the a 4 a a doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a phenolformaldehyde resin to give a resin solids content of 10 to the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5. to 10%.
  • a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex
  • a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latice. having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a phenolformaldehyde resin to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet-as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.

Description

F; BOOTH March 10, 1959 SEPARATORS FOR ELECTRICAL STORAGE BATTERIES Filed May 16, 1955 United States PatentO SEPARATORS FOR ELECTRICAL STORAGE BATTERIES Frank Booth, Denton, near Manchester, England, assignor, by mesne assignments, to British Fibrak Separator Company Limited, Manchester, England, a corporation of Great Britain Application May 16, 1955, Serial No. 508,636 Claims priority, application Great Britain June 1, 1954 6 Claims. (Cl. 117-76) This invention relates to the manufacture of separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp.
The main object of the present invention is to devise a method of producing material intended for use in making separators which gives greatly increased flexibility, whilst maintaining sutlicient mechanical strength for the separator in use and extensive permeability.
The present invention consists in the manufacture of separator material, for use in making separators for electric storage batteries, from paper pulp impregnated with a polyvinyl latice or rubber latex.
According to the present invention a method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp is characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of -30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35-40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
In order to facilitate the impregnation of the sheet with the latex, a small proportion e. g. 1-5% of a water soluble wetting agent may be incorporated in the latex. Experiments have shown, however, that if the wetting agent is incorporated in the paper pulp instead of in the latex, the desired impregnation cannot be achieved, since the wetting agent fundamentally alters the nature of the sheet formed from the pulp.
The invention also comprises the dried latex impregnated paper pulp separator material, having a latex content of from 5 to 25%.
By imparting flexibility to the material, shrinking or cracking in the dry state is substantially eliminated.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood one preferred embodiment thereof in the manufacture of ribbed separators will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which illustrates a method of preparing separator material in accordance with the invention.
A roll of paper formed from a paper pulp material is indicated at 1, the roll being rotatable about an axis member indicated at 2. On unwinding the roll, the paper indicated at 3 passes over a roller 4 and into a bath generally indicated at 5, in which the paper is floated on the surface of a polyvinyl latice, with which is admixed a small proportion e. g. 1-5% of a water soluble wetting agent, for example, the sulphonated oil sold on the open market under the registered trademark Calsolene H. 8., until the sheet picks up about 25% of the latex. Polyvinyl chloride latices have been found to be very satisfactory.
The impregnation of the paper sheet with latex en- ICC sures the final separator having great flexibility, which, is I a particularly desirable attribute in the material during the formation of ribs, particularly if the material is.
passed as a web between rib forming cylinders, for example, when progressively formed over fins, which method of manufacture is the subject of copending application Serial No. 377,207 of Joseph Dowse and-Harry Holt, In, filed August 28, 1953, where flexibility ,is required to allow the web to accept simultaneously the deformations over the fins and the curvature of a drum.
The impregnated sheet is then dried to a moisture content of approximately 10%, by passing the ribbon through a tunnel type of drier indicated at 6, and thereafter impregnated with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin of a concentration ample, a phenolic resin such as resin, which resin is capable of form an acid-resisting polymer.
The essential characteristics of the acid-resistant medium are that the resin shall resist battery acid, coat the fibres well, and react to a relatively inert, infusible stage resin in the presence of heat, audit will be understood that other water soluble resins possessing these characteristics, such as, for example, the furfuraldehyde resins and creol resins, may equally well vbe employed in carrying out the present invention.
The sheet is allowed to take up from 30 to 10% of resin solids, the impregnation being efiected by floating the paper sheet on of the resin in a at 7.
By fioatingthe paper sheet on the resin bath, the
resin is absorbed from the underside of the paper, and the aqueous solution passes through the paper by diffusion, thus eliminating the occlusion of air bubbles which might occur if the sheet was dipped directly into the liquid.
After leaving the resin bath 7, the paper sheet passes between squeeze rollers which extract surplus resin solution, the pressure applied being such as to leave in the paper sheet after it has been dried a residue equal to about 10-30% of the dried paper pulp material. The squeeze rollers preferably are constituted by an upper roller 8 of steel and a rubber-surfaced lower roller 9. A tunnel type of drier indicated at 10 effects the necessary drying of the impregnated paper sheet, that is, leaving in the sheet a moisture content of from 5 to 10%. The sheet material is finally reeled into a roll 11, which roll rotates as it is being developed about an axial member 12.
By using the apparatus described, separators may be produced having improved flexibility, as well as possessing great mechanical strength and extensive electrolyte permeable areas.
I claim:
1. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
2. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of Patented Mar. 10, 1959 of about 40%, for exa phenolformaldehyde being polymerised to 1 the surface of the aqueous solution warm resin bath generally indicated between 5 to 25%, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a'result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally driving the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
3. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latex having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying theimpregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water-soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impreg-nations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
4. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of between 5 to 25%, said latice having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a water soluble resin selected from the group consisting of water soluble phenol and cresol resins to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally driving the a 4 a a doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
5. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a latex selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl latices and rubber latex to the extent of between 5 to drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a phenolformaldehyde resin to give a resin solids content of 10 to the total solids left in the sheet as a result of the two impregnations being to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5. to 10%.
6. A method of manufacturing separator material for use in making separators for electric storage batteries from paper pulp, characterised by impregnating a paper sheet with a polyvinyl chloride latice to the extent of between 5 to 25%,, said latice. having from 1 to 5% of a water soluble wetting agent incorporated therein, drying the impregnated sheet, impregnating the dried sheet with an aqueous solution of a phenolformaldehyde resin to give a resin solids content of 10 to 30%, the total solids left in the sheet-as a result of the two impregnations being 35 to 40% and finally drying the doubly impregnated sheet to a moisture content of approximately 5 to 10%.
References Cited in thefile. ofthis patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,591,755 Wilson et a1. Apr. 8, 1952 2,662,032 Uhlig et al. Dec. 8, 1953 2,687,447 Merrill Aug. 24, 1954 2,701,776 Arone Feb. 8, 1955

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEPARATOR MATERIAL FOR USE IN MAKING SEPARATORS FOR ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERIES FROM PAPER PULP, CHARACTERISED BY IMPREGNATING A PAPER SHEET WITH A LATEX SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POLYVINYL LATICES AND RUBBER LATEX TO THE EXTENT OF BETWEEN 5 TO 25%, DRYING THE IMPREGNATED SHEET, IMPREGNATING THE DRIED SHEET WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A WATER SOLUBLE RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER SOLUBLE PHENOL AND CRESOL RESINS TO GIVE A RESIN SOLIDS CONTENT OF 10 TO 30%, THE TOTAL SOLIDS LEFT IN THE SHEET AS A RESULT OF THE TWO IMPREGNATIONS BEING 35 TO 40% AND FINALLY DRYING THE DOUBLY IMPREGNATED SHEET TO A MOISTURE CONTENT OF APPROXIMATELY 5 TO 10%.
US508636A 1954-06-01 1955-05-16 Separators for electrical storage batteries Expired - Lifetime US2877136A (en)

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GB16256/54A GB766582A (en) 1954-06-01 1954-06-01 Separators for electric storage batteries made from paper pulp

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3161547A (en) * 1963-07-05 1964-12-15 Monsanto Co Resin treated flexible battery separators
US3929504A (en) * 1974-12-18 1975-12-30 Honeywell Inc Rechargeable power source
US4397882A (en) * 1980-06-14 1983-08-09 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of hard paper
US9912008B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2018-03-06 Intec Energy Storage Corporation Electrical energy storage device with non-aqueous electrolyte

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1062298B (en) * 1957-03-16 1959-07-30 Continental Gummi Werke Ag Process for the production of separators from glass fibers for accumulators
BE595271A (en) * 1959-09-29 1900-01-01

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2591755A (en) * 1945-07-09 1952-04-08 Auto Lite Battery Corp Storage battery separator
US2662032A (en) * 1951-08-04 1953-12-08 Us Rubber Co Process of making a battery separator
US2687447A (en) * 1951-04-25 1954-08-24 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Battery separator
US2701776A (en) * 1952-07-11 1955-02-08 Gen Electric Electrical insulating material and method of making

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2591755A (en) * 1945-07-09 1952-04-08 Auto Lite Battery Corp Storage battery separator
US2687447A (en) * 1951-04-25 1954-08-24 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Battery separator
US2662032A (en) * 1951-08-04 1953-12-08 Us Rubber Co Process of making a battery separator
US2701776A (en) * 1952-07-11 1955-02-08 Gen Electric Electrical insulating material and method of making

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3161547A (en) * 1963-07-05 1964-12-15 Monsanto Co Resin treated flexible battery separators
US3929504A (en) * 1974-12-18 1975-12-30 Honeywell Inc Rechargeable power source
US4397882A (en) * 1980-06-14 1983-08-09 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of hard paper
US9912008B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2018-03-06 Intec Energy Storage Corporation Electrical energy storage device with non-aqueous electrolyte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1125629A (en) 1956-11-05
GB766582A (en) 1957-01-23

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