US2876558A - Apparatus for treating particulate material with gaseous media - Google Patents

Apparatus for treating particulate material with gaseous media Download PDF

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US2876558A
US2876558A US560045A US56004556A US2876558A US 2876558 A US2876558 A US 2876558A US 560045 A US560045 A US 560045A US 56004556 A US56004556 A US 56004556A US 2876558 A US2876558 A US 2876558A
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belt
bed
base plate
trough
gaseous
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Lowe Edison
Everett L Durkee
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/03—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
    • A23B4/031—Apparatus for drying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/044—Smoking; Smoking devices
    • A23B4/052—Smoke generators ; Smoking apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
    • A23B4/16—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B7/0408—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/06—Blanching
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
    • A23B9/18—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23L3/185—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus in solid state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23L3/361—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
    • A23L3/50—Fluidised-bed drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/11—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

March 10; 1959 E. LOWE ETAL 2,875,558
. APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEOUS MEDIA Filed Jan. 18, 1956 s She ets-Sheet 1 I E.LOWE a E.L.DURKEE I INVENTORS 5% ATTORNEYS.
March 10, 1959 E. LQWE ETAL APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEIOUS MEDIA Filed Jan. 18, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 E. LOWE 8| E.L. DURKEE INVENTORS ATTORNEYS March 10, 1959 E. LOWE ETAL APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEOUS MEDIA Filed Jan. 18, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 52mm... mm Q? E ZEWE: m n v A a R m @E w. w m w o L E w \8 %w z. 5/ h w a F .1 -1 D v m ru m m 5 0% 8 m m m m n. m AS522 mm 8 g om 8 u QJEME m m m m mm L N H. m m I l l a l 8 I D g w I D a L r I INVENTQRS H33 4; l? ATTORNEYS March 10, 1959 E. LOWE ET AL- APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEOUS MEDIA Filed Jan. 18, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 EXHAUST GAS MATERIAL TO BE TREATED E. LOWE 8| FlG.4
E.L. DURKEE INVENTORS ATTORNEYS Mal-Ch 10, 1959 E. LOWE ETAL 2,876,558
APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEOUS MEDIA I Filed Jan. 18, 1956 5 SheetsSheet 5 GAS GAS GAS M 9| A gr ss Q Q Q Q Q -Q| Q Q Q 0 0 Q 0 s3 s4 85 L f 86 -a7 f 830 a| E.L. DURKEE INVENTQRS BAY a a lia -.1 LmM APPARATUS FOR TREATIN G PARTICULATE MATERIAL WITH GASEOUS -MEDIA Edison Lowe, El; Cerrito,, and Everett L. Durkee, El
Sobrante, Calif assignors to. the United States of. Americaasrepresented by; the Secretary ofAgrieulture.
Application January 18,1956, Serial No. 560,045
6. Claims. (Cl..34-236) (Granted under. Title $5, U. S. Code (1952), see. 266) A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the inventionherein. described, throughout. the. world for. allpurposes of. the United... States Government, with the power. to grant sublicenses. for such. purposes, is. hereby granted. to. the Government. of the United. States of America.
This application is..a continuation-in-part of our prior, corpending application, for patent Serial. No. 479,688,. filed Jan. 3, 1955, now abandoned.
This invention relates to. apparatus .for treating partieulate solid materials with gaseous media and the gen: eralobject. of the invention is the provision of .a continuous belt. trough device especially useful for treating fruits, orvegetables, such as peas, lima beans, carrots, sliced: cabbage, prunes, apricots, sliced apples, chopped water-.cress; meats; nuts; cereals; and' other solid particulatematerials. The treatment effectuatedby the. de: vice may be, for example, dehydration, freezing, blancha ing, cooking, smoking, or combinations of such treatments, asisdetermined by the composition and/ or physi-. cal condition of the gaseous medium applied to the ma-, terial under treatment.
Aparticular object of the invention is the provisionrof apparatus of the above type wherein the. particulate material. under, treatment is. maintained in the form of a bed, having; a uniform depth and wherein adjustment means visprovided so that the uniform bed. depth can be maintained, with different materials .and with. different conditions of operation. A particular feature of the adjustment means is that the bed depth can be regulated While the device is in operation without interfering with the flow of material, traverse of the belt, treatment of thematerial, or other operations or functions of the device.
One advantage of the invention is that many different types of materials can be treated and in every caseeach piece of material is treated to the same extent. because the material is continuously mixed while maintained in a bed of uniform depth whereby eachparticle .is-contacted with essentially the same amount of the gaseousmedium.
Another feature is that the material is not crushed nor broken during; treatment because the mixing is gentle yetthorough. The device is thus particularly adapted'to the treatment of fruit and vegetable materials where it isimportant to preserve the size and shape of the pieces. For example, in drying apple slices on the present device the edges of the slices are not rounded off as with known drying devices which exert excessive forces duringmixing.
A further feature is that the device can be operated for longperiods, of time without. requiring shut-downs for cleaning; because the belt can be cleaned during operae tion without-interference with the treatment. process;:this is very important in food processing where sanitary conditionsmust be. maintained." Further, by operating for; long-periods of timewithout shutedown, important economic benefits are-gained and the amountof' substandard. product produced. at periods. of shut-down and 2* statt-up,, wheu. thermodynamic. or other treatment con ditions are transient and not in equilibrium, is reduced to aminimum.
An additional aspect of the inventionis that. the device is flexible in, that it is capable of handling a Widevariety of solid materials and the degree or type of treatment; can be readily changed. during operation by control of such factors as gas volume and temperature, gas composition, slope and speed of. the belt, and'rate of feed of the material. being treated.
Further, objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent fromv the description herein, con-.
sidered. together with. the annexed drawing. drawing:
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of one form of apparatusin accordance with this inventiornparts being broken away for clarity of representation.
Fig. 2.is a crossrsection-taken on plane 22 of Fig. 1.
Figs... 3, 4, 5,. and 6 depict another modification of apparatusv within. the scope of the invention. Fig. 3 is a-plan view of, the device; Fig. 4 isa cross-section taken on plane v44of Fig. 3; Fig.5 is across-section taken on In the plane 5-5 of Fig.3; Fig. 6 is a cross-section on a reduced scale taken. on. plane 66 of Fig. 4. In all four figures, parts are omitted or broken away for clarity of representation.
Referringwith more particularity to the drawing, in which, like numerals represent like parts, the device of Figs. 1 and 2,.includes aframe 1 which carries an endless flexible mesh belt. 2 which is continuously traversed in the. directionas shownby the, arrows. The upper bight of the belt isformed into atrough the base of which is intheform of aninclin dv plane as clearly evidentin Fig; 2.v
Material to-betreated is fed into the trough viahopper 3.. This material is continuously transported along the length of the trough (right to left in Fig. 1) while being continuously mixed, and. subjected to contact With a gaseous treatingmedium.v During its, traversal through the trough, the material is maintained as a bed 4 having essentially uniform depth. Due to the motion of belt 2, thematerial does not remain, quiescent but is sub iect to continuous mixing Thus the materia'ljat the bottomofthe bed and nearestto thebelttends to-ride up the belt in the. direction of; belt travel. When this material reaches. the. upper part of] the trough (above roller 7). it lSyli fid to the top of the bed and slides down the upper surface of the. bed. towardithe, lower part, of the trough. Theascending and descending paths of'the rnaterial in the. trough: areshown by arrows 46. in Fig. 2; Thisgentle; but thorough. and continuous mixing, action contributesgreatly towardobtaining uniform treatment. Thematerial in the bed. circulates as described above and also has aeomponent. of 'motiontowardthe discharge end of the. devicebaused eitherb'yfeedingthe material at suchliate. that the bed 4. is,. sli ghtly deeper in thevicinity of :-feed.,hopper, 3 'thanitis at the discharge end near hopper 5,.orfby sloping "the device-so thatthe feed end (near hopper .3) is. higher than thedischarge end (near hopper 5:). The treated material is thus discharged via hopper 5...
The meansfor supporting and traversing belt Zincludes toothed rollers'6, 7, and. 8 journaledon frame 1 These rollers are eachpositively rotated in the same direction and at the same speedby atsuitable. sourceof power such as;a: variable; speed electric motor equippedwith belts and pulleys .c(not illustrated).
The gaseous treating medium is forced intoduct 9-by' ablower or other suitable-mechanism (not illustrated) and the medium then flows upwardly .athroughaflexible connector:10,' made of: rubberized fabric or. the like, through the bed of material 4 causing the desired treat- Patented Mar. 10, 1959 bent of the material, for example, dehydration of the material where the gaseous, medium is hot, arid air or other suitable gaseous dehydrating medium.
The means for maintaining belt 2 in the form of a trough with a planar base is described as follows:
The pan, generally designated as 11, is composed of feed-end plate 12, discharge-end plate 13, slotted base plate 14, and side members 15 and 16, all of these being joined together to form a unitary structure. The base plate 14 is provided wtih slots 20 (Fig. 1) so that the gaseous medium can pass through this member and eventually through belt 2 overlying it. There is a slot 17 between the base plate 14 and side member 16 (Fig. 2), whereby to permit the teeth on roller 7 to contact and drive belt 2. Flanges 18 depending from base plate 14 provide the means to connect flexible connector with this member and so direct the gas stream'through the material lying on belt 2 above plate 14. I
It is evident that since base plate 14 provides a plane surface, the portion of the belt 2 lying thereon assumes a plane surface. Thus the bed of material 4 has a uniform depth in the area where it is subjected to the flow of gaseous medium from duct 9; hence uniform treatment occurs, each piece of material being subjected to contact with essentially the same amount of gaseous medium. For example, where the device is used as a dehydrator and the gaseous medium is hot air or other suitable gaseous dehydrating a'gent, each particle of material is dehydrated to the same extent, because each particle is contacted with essentially the same volume of hot air.
It is also to be noted that the arrangement of the belt drive rollers is particularly adapted to cause the belt to assume a plane surface during its traverse over base plate 14. Thus each of the rollers 6, 7, and 8 is positively driven in the same direction and at the same speed. This means that the belt will not tend to pull away from base plate 14 as'it might if for example roller 6 were not positively driven. It is also be noted that the top surface of roller 7 is essentially in the same plane as the top surface of base plate 14; this means that the belt 2 does not tend to be lifted but maintains its position lying on the floor of plate 14.
As mentioned briefly above, one of the features of the present invention is that the slope of plate 14 (and hence the slope of bed 4) can be adjusted easily. The importance of this feature is that thereby a bed of material of uniform depth can be maintained with any type of material. Thus the device can be adjusted so as to correlate it with the speed of the belt and with the angle assumed by the bed of circulating material so that regardelss of the type of material used the material will not pile up at the low or the high endof the trough but will maintain a uniform depth throughout. To illustrate this pointwith a constant belt speed of 3 ftQ/min. in drying sliced apples, plate 14 is maintained at approximately 30 from the horizontal to keep the apple slices ,in a bed of uniform depth. Under the same conditions but for drying peas, the plate 14 is maintained at approximately 20 to maintain uniform bed depth with this commodity. The angle assumed by the bed of circulating material is somewhat analogous to the angle of repose of a mass of static material. In the latter case the criterion of the angle is the nature of the material (particle size, shape of particles, etc.) whereas in the former case the angle depends not only on the nature of the material but also on the speed of the belt which supports the bed and to some degree on the surface characteristics of the belt. In general the angle assumed by the bed of circulating material is steeper than the angle of repose of the same material. t
The means for accomplishing the slope adjustment is explained as follows: v
End plates 12 and 13 are. drilled soithat shaft-19 which is..splined to. roller ;7 passes freely. throughftheseiplates; By this means the entire pan 11 can be rotated about the slack so that the bottom plate 14.
axis'of shaft 19' to tilt the base plate 14 to different angles. To control the degree of tilt there are provided brackets 25 and 26 attached to end plates 12 and 13, respectively. These brackets bear threaded rods 27, 28, nuts 29, 30, and plates 31, 32, the last resting on horizontal member 33 of frame 1. By rotation of nuts 28 and 29 the base plate 14 and, hence. the plane surface of belt 2 resting on it can be adjusted to any desired degree of slope. Belt 2 is arranged with a slack portion at 2' whereby to allow the distance between roller 6 and the base plate 14 to be varied when a change in tilt is made. If the amount of slack is not suflicient, as for example, where base plate 14 is tilted to a large angle from the horizontal, the power'may be turned ofi for a moment or two to stop belt 2 and then the belt maybe manually re-positioned on roller 6 to provide enough of the belt will lie flat on base It is particularly to benoted that since base plate 14 and connected parts are hinged on shaft 19 which also bears roller 7, changing the slope of plate 14 will not atfeet engagement of belt 2 with'roller 7. Thus no matter what angle of slope is used, belt 2 will ride properly on roller 7 and no adjustment at this point is needed. Likewise, no matter how the slope of plate 14 is changed, the belt 2 will still lie on the floor of this plate.
' In order to continuously clean belt 2 there is provided pan 40 filled with hot water or other cleansing liquid. Belt 2 continuously travels through the water in its course from roller 8 to roller 6. Air is forced by pipe 41 into slotted conduit 42 the air being blown out of slot 43 against belt 2 drying it and blowing away particles of debris, etc. If desired, the pan of water and air blast may be supplemented by steam jets, rotating brushes, sprays of water or the like.
Usually, the trough portion of belt 2 from one edge to the other is maintained level, that is, the edge of the belt at the feed end (near plate 12) and the edge of the belt at the discharge end (near plate 13) are at the same elevation. The passage of the material from the feed end to the discharge end is caused by feeding the material at such a rate that the bed of material is slightly higher'at the feed end than at the discharge end. However, if desired the trough may be sloped so that the discharge end is somewhat lower than the feed end by providing the legs of the device with adjustable feet. 1
As shown in the drawing, the material being treated is subjected to a blast of gas from a single source. If desired duct 9 and connector 10 may be compartmentized so that as the material progresses from feed end to discharge end, it is subjected to gas at different temperatures and'lor volumes. Mechanism for accomplishing such a result is disclosed below in connection with the modification of Figs. 3 to 6. v To regulate the depth of material in bed fhopper S is vertically adjustable in guides 44. Plate 45whi'ch is integral with hopper 5 thus acts asa wier to control the depth of bed 4. The entire device may, if desired, be surrounded with a housing having suitable inlets for material to be treated and treating gas and outlets for treated material and exhaust gas. The advantage of a housing is that the ex haust gas may then be carried by a suitable duct out of the building or used for other purposes' Also, where a housing is used, the exhaust gas may be recirculated into the device after suitable regeneration treatment. For example, where the device is-used'as 'a free zer, the ex"- haust gas may be re-cooled and then "circulated'back to duct 9 for freezing of the particles'in'the bed. I
As notedhereinabove, the device of this invention is of a versatile nature and may be. employed to efiectuate diverse types of operationswhich involve-contacting pat ticulate solid material with a gaseous, agent.- -Alsoas noted .above,;by providing means formai'ntaining .the particulate material in the form of a bed having uniform depth,
each particle is subjected to the same degree of treatment. One aspect oftheinvention concerns. the meet the-device as a' dehydrator for evaporating moisture from particulate material especially fruits, vegetables, meats, nuts, cereal grains, and so'forth. Indehydration' appli cations, the gaseous agentforcedlupwardly through-bed 4"is usually hot air or other hot gas suitablefor dehydrating purposes.
Another application of the device is its use-as-afreezer. In-this case, the gaseousmedium is air, carbon dioxide, trichloromonofluoromethane, trichlorotrifiuoroethane, etc., in-a refrigerated state; By the continuous-mixing of the material in the bed during contact of the refrigerated gas and material, the particles are rapidlyand'uniformly frozen without sticking together, that is, theproduct is a freeflowing mass of individual frozenparticlesessentially free from aggregates of individual particles:
A further aspect of the invention concerns the-use of the device as a cooker or blancher; In-such case; the gaseous agent is steam, mixturesof steam and hot air, or other hot, preferably humid, gas or vapor;
An additional aspect of the inventionconcernsthe use of the device totreatparticulate materials with various chemical agents. For example, in the processing of fruits and vegetables it is often-desiredtoimpregnate the food particles with agents which inhibitenzyme activity; agents which inhibit browning; agents which inhibit rancidification of fat components in: the food; flavoring agents; preservative agents; and so forth. Insuch applications, the agent in question is incorporated'into 'thesgas stream entering via duct 9. Examplesof agents which maybe so employed are: sulphurdioxide to inhibit browning of the food particles; butylated.hydroxyanisole, propyl gal! late, or other volatile organicfat-stabilizing antioxidant to minimize rancidificationof fat constituentsin the food particles; wood smoke,.pyroligenous acid,:acetic acid,-.etc. to act as flavoring and preserving agents; lemonoil, orange oil, cinnamon oil, or: other volatileessentialoilsor-fruit essences in order to; impart-desired flavors to the food particles.
In any of the diverse applications of the device ofithis invention, the gaseous medium-which contactsthe particles iii-bed 4 need not necessarilybeeentirely'iri;the gaseous state. Thus the medium may consist: of amajo-r proportion of a gaseous substance having suspended-inrit :a minor proportion of minutedroplets ofliquid material such. as water; refrigerant (liquid: trichloromonoc-hloromethane, liquid trifluorotrichloroethane, etc-.); sulphurous:,acid solution; acetic acid; organic.-antioxidant flavoring substance; 'andiso forth.
It is obvious that by' providing suitable sources of different gaseous media and valvearrangements between these sources and=-duct-9, the particulate material may'be subjected to a series of, distinct operations; by changing the character of the gas. stream-as; the; treatmentprogresses. As an example of.v such op eratiom-raw diced carrots are placed in the device and belt Z is'traversedtto continuously maintain the diced carrots; as a bed5-4 ofuniformdepth. The carrots are thensuccessively'subjected to; (a), air containing sulphur dioxide or; steamto inactivate the-enzymes in the carrots; (b) hot airtodehydrate the carrots to the extent that their weight is halvedby evaporation of moisture; and (-c) cold air at-about minus 20 F. to rapidly freeze the partially dehydrated-carrots. During these operations, the diced carrots are continuously maintained as a bed of uniforrndepthi anddischarge hopper 5: is so adjusted that the carrots. are: kept in the bed. After the freezing is completed, hopper 5 is lowered and the dehydrofrozen carrotsare discharged. andpackaged. Other; applications of the devicefor. conducting sequential operations with. different gaseousmedia will be obvious from the above description.
Reference is now made to. Figs. 3,4, 5, and 6which depicta second modificationuof apparatuswithin the ambit of the invention. 'l'ht apparatus-cf these f figures can be employed for effectuating any of the aforementioned types of. gas-treatment: as applied-to particulate solidume terial;
The construction and. operation of the device ofFigs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 is explained-as follows-:-
The device includes ahousing 6i) providedwith windows 61. Within the housing is a belt supporting and operating structure generally designated as 62, this structure being suspended from the top of'housing 60 by rods-63, 64, and 65; adjustable in length.
Structure 62 carries an endless, flexible-mesl1"=b'elt 66 which iscontinuously traversed in the direction as shown by the arrows in Fig. 4: The upper bight' of'the belt-is formed into a trough the base of 'which is in the form of an inclinedplane as clearly evidentin Fig. 4;
Material to be treatedis fed'into the system'viachute 67. This material is continuously transported along the length of the trough (left to right in Fi'g.-3 whilebein'g continuously mixed and subjected to contact with'a gaseous treating medium. During its traversal through the trough, the material is maintained as abed having an essentially uniform depthexactly as described above in connection with the modification of Figs. 1' and2. The circulatory motion of the material in the bed and" the motion of the material from the feed end of the device toward the discharge end' of the device are also as described in connection-With the first modification;
The means for supporting and traversing-belt 66 includes sprockets 68, 69, and 70'mounted on shafts 71, 72, and 73, respectively. The drive for these'sprockets includes the following: On feed-end plate 88 is mounted a shelf 74 on which is located electric motor 755 This motor rotates shafts 71, 72; 73 and in the same direction and at thesame speed'by' a series of sprockets 76 and chains 77. Motor '75"is-preferablyofthe variable speed type so that the speed of the belt can be varied as desired.
The gaseous'treating medium isforcedinto conduit 78 by ablower or other suitable mechanism (not-illustrated) and the medium flows through fiexibleconnector 79 into the duct generally designated as 80 which is carriedhy plates 88 and 89. Duct 80 (see'Fig. 6) is divided into a series of compartmentsby membersSl and 82 so that there is formed three individual 'cornpartm'ents '83, 84, and through which'the gaseous mediumfiows. Vertical partitions 86 and 87 are joined with the members 81 and 82', respectively; to discharge the three separate gas streamsof' compartments 83; 84, and 85 upwardly through three separate areas of the bed of material retained in the trough portion of be1t'66'. By compartmentizing the gas ductin this way'a more uniform-distribution of gas to thedifferent areas of the bed is attained. Also such arrangement'permits more flexibility in that by' providing-the separate ducts with valve ar rangements, (83a, 84a, 85a), different areas of the bed may be subjected to, diiferentarnountsof gas or'even different gases.- Gas which passes through thebed of material is discharged from the housing- -by vent'100.
The ,meansfor maintaining belt 66 in the form of a trough with a planar base is described in more detail as follows:
The structure-62 includes feed-end plate 88 and'discharge-end plate 89, these being joined together into 'a unitary structure by'channels 90. Supported on channels 90 is a grid formed of a series of spaced bars 91' joined to rods 92. The entire grid structure may be lifted off channels 9t) for cleaning purposes. The upper'bight of belt 66. rides on top oft-bars 91 and so assumes-the form ofa" trough with a planar base. The spacing of bars 91 permits free flow of the gas past the bars and through the belt into the'bed of material. Also supportedon plates88 and 89 are shafts 71, 72, 73 which constitute part of the means for traversingbelt '66 as' previously described;
Material which has-been treatedas described is cog.
'tinuously discharged through orifice93 in plate 89 (Fig. slides down chute 94 attached to plate 89, and from there is discharged by discharge hopper 95 which is mounted in housing 60 (Fig. 3).
As mentioned hereinabove, one of the features of the invention is that the slope of the planar base of the trough of belt 66 can be adjusted easily and without interference with the operation of the device. In this modification, such adjustment is made by altering the length of rods 63, 64, and 65. Usually, rod 65 is kept at its original length since it is in the center of the trough and its connection with plate 89 serves as a pivot about which the trough can be rotated by suitable adjustment of the length of rods 63 and 64. In this way, the speed of the belt can be correlated with the type of material being processed so that the material maintains a bed of uniform depth in the trough portion of the belt. A feature of this modification of the invention is that the adjustment in slope can be made without affecting the position of the belt 66 on the sprockets 68, 69, 70. Thus in this device, by adjusting the length of rods 63, 64, 65, the position of structure 62 as a whole is altered, there is no relative movement caused between the belt and its position on bars 91. Thus adjustment of the slope does not in any way affect the drive of the belt nor the relation of the belt to the bed of material. For altering the slope of structure 62 in the direction from discharge end to feed end, similar adjustment of rods may be made. For example, to increase the slope from discharge end to feed end, rods 63 and 64 may be shortened each of the same degree while rod 65 is left in its original position.
,In order to continuously clean belt 66 there is provided pan 96 filled with hot water or other cleansing liquid. The belt continuously travels through the water in its course beneath structure62. A series of nozzles 97 are provided for forcing steam, hot water, compressed air, etc. against the belt to further clean it. Also provided is a burner 98 which directs gas flames against the belt to dry it after cleaning. Adjacent the upper end of the trough portion of the belt is a roller brush 99. This brush is rotated by motor 75 in the direction shown and serves to return to the bed particles of material which cling in the interstices of the belt.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: e
1. An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion for treating particulate material in the interior of said apparatus with gaseous media comprising .a ductfor introducing a gaseous medium into the interior of said apparatus, said duct being provided with .an opening across the top thereof; a planar, perforated, sloping base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in said base plate being smaller than said opening; an
endless foraminous belt; means for continuously traversing said belt; means for maintaining part of said belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting upon said base plate, the trough part of the belt being adapted to support a bed of particulate material; means for forcing a gaseous medium into said duct and through said opening, perforations, belt, and the bed of material supported thereon; and means for adjusting the slope of said base .plate whereby to maintain the material in the trough in the form of a bed having an essentially uniform depth.
2. An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion for treating particulate material in the interior of said apparatus with gaseous media comprising a duct for introducing a gaseous medium into the interior 'of said apparatus, said duct being provided with an opening acrossthe top thereof; a planar, perforated, sloping will change the position of the belt with relation to said base plate.
base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in said base plate being smaller than said opening; an end- :lessforaminous belt; means for maintining part of said belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting, upon said base plate, the .trough part of the belt a bed at particulate manner-i l eing adapted to support means for forcing a gaseous-medium intosaid duct and through said opening, perforations, belt, and the bed. of material supported thereon; means for continuously traversing said belt including a positively-driven, rotatable toothed roller adjacent said base plate for driving said belt, the upper periphery of said roller being substantially tangent to said base plate whereby change in slope of said plate will not interfere with the driving of the belt by the roller; and means for adjusting the slope of said base plate whereby to maintain the material in the trough in the form of a bed having an essentially uniform depth.
'3. An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion for treating particulate material in the interior of said apparatus with gaseous media comprising a duct for introducing a gaseous medium into the interior of said apparatus, said duct being provided with an opening across the top thereof; a planar, perforated, sloping base plate having an upper end and a lower end, said base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in the base plate being smaller than said opening, the base plate being pivotable about an essentially horizontal axis adjacent the upper end thereof; an endless foraminous belt; means for maintaining part of the belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting upon said base plate, the trough part of the belt being adapted to sup port a bed of material undergoing treatment; means for forcing a gaseous medium into the duct and through said opening, perforations, belt, and material supported thereon; means for adjustably pivoting said base plate to change the slope thereof whereby to maintain the material in the trough in the form of a bed having an essentially uniform depth; and means for continuously traversing said belt including a positively-driven toothed roller adjacent the upper end of said base plate, the upper peripheryof said roller being substantially tangent to said base plate whereby change in the slope thereof will not inter,- fere with the driving of the belt by said roller nor will change the position of the belt with relation to the base plate.
4". An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion for treating particulate material in the interiorof said apparatus with gaseous media comprising a duct for introducing a gaseous medium into the interior of said apparatus, said duct being provided with an opening across the top thereof; a planar, perforated,
sloping base plate having an upper end and a lower end, said base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in said base plate being smaller than said opening, an essentially horizontal shaft adjacent the upper end of the base plate, the base plate being supported by and pivotable about said shaft; an endless foraminous belt;
means for maintaining part of the belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting upon said base plate, the trough part of the belt being adapted to support a bed of particulate material, means for forcing a gaseous medium into saidduct and through said opening, perforations, belt, and material supported thereon; means tinuously traversing said belt in the general direction from said lower end of the base plate to the upper end thereof, said means including a positively-driven, rotat- ;able'toothed roller on said shaft, the upper periphery ,of said rollerbjein'g substantially tangent to said base plate whereby change in the slope thereof will not interfere with the driving of the belt by said roller nor 5. An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion f0r. t reating particulate material in the interior of said apparatus with'gaseous media for treating particulate solid material with a gas comprising; an assembly for maintaining and treating the material" in the form of a sloping bed having an essentially uniform depth, said assembly including a duct for introducing a gaseous medium into the interior of said apparatus, said duct being provided with an opening across the top thereof; a planar, perforated, sloping base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in said base plate being smaller than said opening; an endless foraminous belt, means for maintaining part of said belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting upon said base plate, the trough part of the belt being adapted to support a bed of particulate material; means for traversing said belt along said base plate in the general direction from bottom to top of the slope thereof, said means including a positively-driven sprocket which engages the belt; means for adjusting the slope of said assembly as a unit without disturbing the position of the belt with relation to the sprocket and base plate; and means for forcing a gaseous medium into said duct and through said opening, perforations, belt, and material supported thereon.
6. An apparatus having an exterior portion and an interior portion for treating particulate material in the interior of said apparatus with gaseous media for treating particulate solid material with a gas comprising: a unitary assembly for maintaining and treating the material in the form of a sloping bed having an essentially uniform depth, said assembly including a duct for introducing a gaseous medium into the interior of said apparatus, said duct being provided with an opening across the top thereof; a planar, perforated, sloping base plate overlying said opening, the perforations in said base plate being smaller than said opening; an endless foraminous belt; means for maintaining part of said belt in the form of a trough having a planar base resting upon said base plate, the trough part of the belt being adapted to support a bed of particulate material; means for traversing said belt along said base plate in the general direction from bottom to top of the slope thereof, said means in cluding a positively-driven sprocket which engages the belt; a supporting member for supporting said assembly, said assembly being suspended as a unit from said supporting member by a plurality of hangers adjustable in length whereby the slope of the assembly may be adjusted as a unit and without disturbing the position of the belt with relation to the sprocket and the base plate; and means for forcing a gaseous medium into said duct and through said opening, belt, and the bed of material supported thereon.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,308,420 Hoopes Jan. 12, 1943 2,424,228 Erisman July 22, 1947 2,745,194 Lowe et al. May 15, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 95,687 Sweden May 7, 1939 566,662 Great Britain Ian. 9, 1945
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266169A (en) * 1962-10-31 1966-08-16 Hupp Corp Vacuum freeze drying apparatus
EP0003721A2 (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-22 Graham Glen Donald Process and apparatus for blanching and sterilising in a rapid and continuous manner pieces of food-stuff
EP0174170A2 (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-03-12 Castleton, Inc. Method and apparatus for chilling and freezing articles
WO1995033171A1 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-07 Schaaf Technologie Gmbh Trough-type drier and method of processing, in particular drying, bulk materials using the drier, the product thus produced and the use of the drier and method
WO2010149402A1 (en) 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 Cambridge Design Research Llp Dispensing apparatus and methods

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2308420A (en) * 1940-10-12 1943-01-12 American Chicle Co Coating apparatus adapted for confections
GB566662A (en) * 1943-03-29 1945-01-09 Arthur Katz Apparatus for drying fibrous material such as grass and the like
US2424228A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-07-22 Link Belt Co Apparatus for drying, heating, and/or cooling flowable solids
US2745194A (en) * 1953-01-16 1956-05-15 Lowe Edison Continuous belt trough drier

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2308420A (en) * 1940-10-12 1943-01-12 American Chicle Co Coating apparatus adapted for confections
GB566662A (en) * 1943-03-29 1945-01-09 Arthur Katz Apparatus for drying fibrous material such as grass and the like
US2424228A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-07-22 Link Belt Co Apparatus for drying, heating, and/or cooling flowable solids
US2745194A (en) * 1953-01-16 1956-05-15 Lowe Edison Continuous belt trough drier

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266169A (en) * 1962-10-31 1966-08-16 Hupp Corp Vacuum freeze drying apparatus
EP0003721A2 (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-22 Graham Glen Donald Process and apparatus for blanching and sterilising in a rapid and continuous manner pieces of food-stuff
EP0003721A3 (en) * 1978-02-10 1980-06-02 Malfanti, John Baptist Process and apparatus for blanching and sterilising pieces of food-stuff
EP0174170A2 (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-03-12 Castleton, Inc. Method and apparatus for chilling and freezing articles
EP0174170A3 (en) * 1984-09-07 1988-06-08 Castleton, Inc. Method and apparatus for chilling and freezing articles
WO1995033171A1 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-07 Schaaf Technologie Gmbh Trough-type drier and method of processing, in particular drying, bulk materials using the drier, the product thus produced and the use of the drier and method
WO2010149402A1 (en) 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 Cambridge Design Research Llp Dispensing apparatus and methods

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