US2876042A - Draft arm - Google Patents

Description

Match 3,, 195 9 1 PQSTEELE DRAFT ARM 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 File d Feb. 7, 1955 INVENTORI VLRN-ON P STEELE ATTORNEY MarchB, 1959 v. P. STEELE DRAFT ARM Filed Feb. 7, 1955 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 i mm mm n F- ON IIQVENTCRI VERNON F? STEELE ATTORNEY v. P. STEELE March 3,- 1959 DRAFT ARM I 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. '7, 1955 INVENTOR F? STEELE ew VERNON United States Patent DRAFT ARM Vernon P. Steele, Noroton, 'Conn., assignor to Kenco Products Gorporation, Englewood, N. J.

Application February 7, 1955, Serial No. 486,576

6 Claims. (Cl. 299-150) This invention relates to a novel charged water dispensing fixture comprising a draft arm mounting an integral valve casing having a spindle-actuated, springbiased valve incorporating discharge means selectively operable to give a full flow or needle discharge. The invention also comprehends the use of a reciprocable sheath member encasing the valve, and a discharge nozzle detachably seating an inserted, axially apertured cruciform flow-straightener, the nozzle being detachably subjoined to the sheath, to reciprocate therewith, and the valve-actuating spindle having seated bearing engagement in and on the cruciform insert, whereby reciprocation of the sheath moves the valve to its unseated, open positions, against the bias of the valve-seating spring.

The present invention also provides such an improved draft arm with an integral valve casing housing a normally closed, spring-biased valve movable to either of two positions, to give either a full flow or needle discharge of charged liquid, and one in which the valve is demountable by means of a single tubular spanner Wrench engageable with a valve plug which serves as a journal for the valve stem and a valve seat, as well as a multipartite discharge conduit for pressurized liquids.

It is, therefore, among the objects of the present invention to provide a charged water dispensing draft arm mounting a wholly encased and shielded valve mechanism; a valve casing embodying a spring-biased valve mounted for reciprocation on a specially conformed and jonrnaled valve-stem; a valve stem embodying peripheral flow duct-forming means and subjoined axial discharge duct means selectively operable to give full flow or needle discharge of charged water; a clear, plastic discharge nozzle detachably forming the bottom portion of the shield, and a domed cylindrical upper shield portion, conjointly forming a shield reciprocable on and over the valve casing; a conformed actuating member in the dome of the shield having seated, bearing engagement on and with the top of the valve casing, and having an actuating handle extending through the dome; an axially aper tured, cruciform insert, desirably of clear plastic, adapted to be inserted and seated in the discharge nozzle, and to receive the axial discharge duct in spring-biased, seated, bearing relation, whereby reciprocation of the valveencasing shield reciprocates the valve stem and unseats the valve.

With these and other objects in view, which may be incident to my improvements, the invention consists in the parts and combinations to be hereinafter set forth and claimed, with the understanding that the several necessary elements, comprising my invention, may'be varied in construction, proporitons and arrangement, without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended. claims.

In order to make my invention more clearly understood, I have shown in the accompanying drawings means for carrying the same'into practical effect, without limiting the improvements intheir useful applications to the ice particular constructions, which for the purpose of ex plation, have been made the subject of illustration;

Figures 1 and 2 are, respectively, a side and front elevational views of the improved draft arm of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the draft arm with the actuating handle removed;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical section through the bottom of the draft arm and a supporting counter, showing the method of attachment;

Fig. 5 is a vertical axial section-through the upper portion of a draft arm and conjoined valve mechanism, the valve being closed;

Fig. 6 is a vertical axial section through the valve mechanism, taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, showing the valveunseating mechanism in the partial or free-flow position, with charged water discharge through the quadrantal apertures of the cruciform insert in the discharge nozzle;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5, with the valveunseating mechanism fully retracted into the needle-flow position, with charged 'water discharge restricted to the axially apertured discharge nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a horizontal cross-section taken on line 99 of Fig. 5, and showing the annular array of discharge ducts; and

Fig. 10 is a cross-section taken on line 10-'10' of Fig. 5, showing the cruciform insert.

Turning now to Figs. 14 of the drawings, the novel draft armwill be seen to comprise a hollow goose-neck standard 10 having a flat, horizontal base 11, and a vertically disposed curvilinear upper terminal surface 12, adapted to serve as a splash guard. The base 11 is apertured to receive a threaded stub pipe 13' grazed or otherwise fixedly secured thereto', the pipe being adapted to fit in a suitable opening, not shown, in a soda counter or bar. A lock nut 14 is threadedly engaged with pipe 13 and serves to lock the draft arm in place on a serving counter. The bottom of pipe 13 is inwardly flanged to define an axial aperture 15, in which is hermetically fitted the bottom end of a dispensing pipe 16 which is mounted in the interior of the standard 10, as shown. The lower end of pipe 13 may be threadedly engaged with a water pipe or carbonated water supply, in the usual manner. As shown in Figs. 5 and 8, the upper end of pipe 16 is peened over and sweated into the rear end of threaded tubulature 17 having an extension 18 projecting beyond the curvilinear face 12 of the standard 10. The member 17 is engaged in tight fit in the terminal end of goose-neck 10, and is fixedly secured therein by 'silver solder, as shown at 19.

The outer end 18 of tubulature 17 is threadedly en gaged in the wall of valve casing 20, as shown at 17, and is fixedly secured therein, as by silver solder'18'. The valve casing (Figs. 5-9) comprises an inverted, cylin drical member, having a top or closed end 21, a cylindrical wall 22, an open end 23, and a stepped, inner wall surface comprised of a main body section 24, a threaded central section 25, and an internally stepped terminal section 26, defining a shoulder 27 with the central seciton. The body section 24 receives the open end 18 of tubulature 17 in free fluid communication, and forms a valve chamber 28 with the closed end 21 and the inner face 33, of annular valve plug or lock nut 30. The member 30, is centrally apertured, as shown at 31, and is provided with aflanged outer end 32, a vertically offset, flat inner face 33, and a threaded body section 34. The flanged end 32 and has bearing engagement with gasket 35 mounted between it and shoulder 27 of the valve casing 20. The threaded body section 34 is engaged with the threaded section 25 of the valve casing, and is screwed up in place by a suitable tubular Wrench having lugs engageable in diametrically.opposed sockets 36 in the frustro-conical outer face 37 of flange 32.

The inner surface 33 of lock nut 30, defines a fixed valve chamber 28 with the wall and closed end of the valve casing 20.

It-will be seen that the valve chamber is integral with p the delivery pipe 16 and the goose-neck 10, being rigidly supported on and by the latter.

The movable parts of the valve mechanism (Figs. +9), designated generally by the numeral 40, comprise an inverted, cup-shaped valve 41'seating an annular gasket 42, and a flanged bearing surface 43, spring-biased into valve-sealing, bearing engagement with oflset valve seat 33 oflock nut 30, by compression spring 44, seated in valve chamber 28, and having bearing engagement with both flange 43 and top 21 of the valve casing 20. The interior of valve v41 is threaded, as shown at 45 to receive the threaded upper end 51 of valve stem 50. L

- The valve stem 50 is polygonal in crosssection, a hexagonal shape being the preferred form, as shown in Fig. 9. The valve stem 50 has close sliding clearance with the inner wall or cylindrical surface of axial-aperture 31 .of the combination valve-plug, valve-stem journal, and annular lock nut 30, and defines sixperipheral axial ducts therewith. The peripheral ducts extend the full length of the valve-stem and establish fluid communication between valve chamber 28 and the discharge nozzle, as will appear more fully hereinafter. For ease of identification, the peripheral faces of the valve stem are designated 53a, 53b, 53c, 53d, 53e, and 53f. The threaded upper end or spindle 51 of the valve stem defines a shoulder 52 at the top of the body 53 of the stern, which shoulder has l'ocking bearing engagement with gasket 42 of the valve 40.

The valve stem is provided further with an elongated, integral, subjoined spindle 54, defining a bearing shoulder 55 with the body 53 of the stem. The spindle is threaded in its upper portion, as indicated at 56, leaving an unthreaded lower portion 57. Spindle 54 is provided with an axial duct 58, which extends a slight distance up into the body 53 of the valve stem. A radial duct 59 (Figs. 7 and 9), couples the lowermost part of peripheral face 53a of the valve stem with the axial duct 58, for a purpose to be described more in detail hereinafter. While one radial duct 59 has been shown, it will be appreciated that a plurality of equiangularly disposed radial ducts may be provided in fluid communication with axial discharge duct 58.

Because of the threaded top and bottom spindle portions of valve stem 50, the valve 40 and the lock nut 60 can be adjusted to give any desired reciprocating travel to the valve stem. Additionally, when the gaskets 42 and 64 wear down, their carrier members 40 and 60 can be taken up on their respective spindles to give the desired gas-tight sealing relation with the apposed parts of the valve plug or journal 30.

The flanged lock nut 60 comprises an axially apertured, cylindrical body portion61, internally threaded to engage the threads 56 of spindle 54. A flanged, cupshaped top section 62, having a collar 63, serves to re ceive and seatan annular gasket 64, having a flat top surface 65, and a tapered spheriform transition section 66, adapted for sealing bearing engagement with the conical bearing surface 37 of the valve plug 30. The gasket 64 is clamped in position against the bottom shoulder 55 of the valve stem, by threading member 60 up on threaded section 56 of the lower spindle. The basket 64 is adapted to seal off the bottom outlets of peripheral ducts 53a-53f, inclusive, when the valve stem is reciprocated to its uppermost position, thereby shunting the flow of charged'water from the free flow discharge nozzle to the axial discharge duct 58 of the needle spray, through radial connecting duct 59 (Figs. 7 and 9). It will be seen (Figs. 5,

7, and 8) that the peripheral ducts 53a-53f are open to the discharge nozzle, both in the closed position of valve 40 (Fig. 5), and its initial, unseated position (Fig. 7) In this latter position free flow of charged water into the discharge nozzle is assured. When the valve 40 is fully unseated (Fig. 8), the lower gasket 64 is opposed to conical bearing surface 37 of the valve plug 30, and the discharge nozzle is sealed off from the charged water flow, the flow being diverted through the spray nozzle, as above noted.

The provision of multiple peripheral ducts 53a-53f, serving as conduits for. pressurized, charged water between the valve chamber and the discharge nozzle, has a number of important advantages. One of these advantages is the elimination of burbling and sputtering of the discharging fluid by causing it to flow in a plurality of separate, elongated, restricted ducts, wherein the normal swirling tendency of the gassy liquid is eliminated because of imposed space limitations, and a plurality. of rectilinearly flowing streams are simultaneously discharged into the upper, quiescent zone of the discharge nozzle, where oversized gas bubbles disintegrate, thereby eliminating gas lock. The rectilinearly discharging streams coalesce in the said quiescent zone to form a pool of charged water which flows smoothly out of the nozzle. The nozzle forms the lowermost member of a reciprocable, valve-encasing sheath, and it will now be described in particular relation to the valve mechanism and its cooperation therewith.

The nozzle is preferably made of clear plastic and is comprised of an upper cylindrical body portion 71, and a convergent discharge end 72, having an axial discharge aperture 73. The inner surface 74, of the cylindrical body portion, is adapted for sliding bearing engagement on and over the bottom end 23 of the valve casing 20,

and forms a discharge chamber with the bottom of the valve plug. The upper portion of the outside of the nozzle is cut back to form a threaded'end 76 and a shoulder 77. The inner surface 78 of the convergent discharge end 72, is conical and receives and seats a demountable flow divider 80.

The insert 80 (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10), like the nozzle 70, is preferably of clear plastic, and is comprised of an axially apertured, cylindrical core or body section 81, apertured, as indicated at 82, and provided with integral radial arms or vanes, designated generally by the numeral 83 The top surface 84 of the core section, is flat, and is adapted to provide an annular bearing surface for the bottom 62 of spring-biased lock nut 60. The outer edges 85 of the vanes 83 are conformed to the inner, conical surface 78 of the nozzle 70, and are adapted to be seated therein, the vanes, as shown (Fig. 10), forming a cruciform flow divider defining quadrantal discharge outlets 86 therewith. The bottom surfaces 87, ofthe vanes 83, are flush with the bottom of nozzle 70 (Fig. 7). As noted, the cruciform insert 80 is springbiased into bearing engagement with the nozzle 70 by the lock nut 60, which is functionally integral with the valve stem 50. The discharge tip of the needle spray 54 is housed in the axial aperture 82 of member 80, and is completely protected from contact with outside structures or devices. 7

The nozzle 70 and its cruciform insert serve to reciprocate the valve stem 50, against the bias of compression spring 43, and are controlled, in this action, by a novel nozzle reciprocating mechanism, now to be described.

The nozzle reciprocating mechanism comprises a top sheath member 90 and a rocker handle 100. The member 90 is comprised of a cylindrical body portion 91 with an integral hemispherical top 92. The inside of the open bottom is cut back to form an internal shoulder 93, and the wall section is threaded at 94 for threaded engage ment with the threaded upper end 76, of the nozzle 70. The wall of the sheath and the cooperating portion of the nozzle are radially slotted, as shown at 95, to re? ceive tubular extension 18 of the discharge pipe 16, and permit the sheath to reciprocate freely thereover. It is to be noted that tubulature 18 is radially disposed with respect to the valve casing and the encompassing sheath. The domed top 92 of the sheath is slotted at 96, in the same vertical plane as the side slot 95, to receive actuating lever 97, having a threaded. end 98. The valve actuating handle 100 is threadedly and detachably engaged on and over threadedend 98 of the actuating lever. Desirably the bottom 101, of the handle, is conformed to the top surface 92 of the sheath 90. The inner end 99 of lever 97 is threadedly engageed in a hemispherical rocker member 102, having a curviform top surface 103 and a flat bottom surface 104. The surface 103 is nested in and conformed to the inner surface of the curviform top 92 of the sheath 90, while the flat bottom surface 104 has bearing engagement with the flat, closed end 21 of fixed valve casing 20.

While the actuating lever 97 has been described as having threaded ends for engagement with the actuating handle 100, and rocker member 102, respectively, it will be appreciated that the end 98 of lever 97 may be cast, molded or otherwise embedded in the actuating handle, and accordingly, only the inner end 99 need be designed for threaded engagement with the rocker member.

The assembly of the valve is simple and is effected in the following manner: The biasing spring 43 is inserted into the valve chamber 28, and the valve plug 30, with the contained spindle and valve elements, is threaded into the valve casing. For this purpose a special socket wrench is used. With the valve plug seated, the biasing spring urges the valve 40 into valve-closing position. The rocker member 102 is then fitted into the curved end portion 92 of sheath 90, and thereafterwards actuating lever 97, associated with the handle member 100, is threaded into the rocker member, thus locking said member in place in the sheath. It will be noted that the slot 96 is twice as long, in one direction from the vertical axis of lever 97, as it is in the opposite direction, and accordingly, by means of this construction, the valve can be opened half way, for full flow discharge, by moving the handle in either direction, and fully opened by moving it to the full extent in the opposite direction. As noted hereinabove, full flow is secured when the actuating handle is moved to unseat the valve, without closing off the outlets of discharge ducts 53a-53f. When the handle is moved to its full extent rearwardly (Fig. 8), the ducts are sealed off and outflow is diverted through axial discharge duct 58.

With the sheath elements interlocked, the sheath is fitted over the valve casing, the slot 96 being passed over the extension 18 of the discharge pipe 16. Thereafter, the clear plastic nozzle 70 is fitted over the axially apertured needle spray tip 54 and threadedup into the sheath. In the assembled position the tops of vanes 83 of the cruciform nozzle insert 80 should have bearing engagement with the bottom surface 62 of lock'nut 60.

When the sheathed valve has been assembled, the pressure liquid supply is opened, and the valve is ready for use. Upon moving the actuating handle either forward or backward, the rocker member is tilted aboutits edge as a fulcrum, the edge being fulcrumed on the flat upper surface of closed end 21 of fixed valve casing 20. Because of the curviform upper surface of the rocker member, the circular'edge 105 of the latter will be forced inwardly on the valve casing, and the sheath will be lifted, carrying the nozzle with it, and thereby lifting the spindle against the biasing action of the compression spring and unseating the valve.

With the valve partially or wholly open, the pressurized liquid in the valve chamber 28 is forced, in restricted, non-swirling, paths, through the now open ducts 53a-53f, and is diverted in cone-shaped pattern by reason of the cooperating tops on the valve plug 30, and curviform washer 64. The liquid is thus forced out laterally and radially into the chamber 75 formed by the interior of the nozzle, and thence out of the nozzle, in parallel, rectilinear, non-splashing streams, through the .quadrantal apertures 86 formed by and between the radial vanes 83. The uniform flow through the nozzle is characterized by freedom from burbling and swirling, and is the result of the successive flow straightening steps to which the issuing pressurized liquid is subjected. With unrestricted, nonlinear flow of pressurized liquids, swirling and burbling is the usual result. Where carbonated or aerated liquids are hand-led, under pressure, smooth, uniform discharge through an ordinary discharge nozzle is a matter of happenstance, and gas lock in a nozzle is an ordinary occurrence, resulting in a sputtering, scattering discharge or spraying of'the aerated liquid, with loss of carbonation.

The use of the improved device herein insures the uniform, non-spattering discharge of pressurized liquids, with the retention of full carbonation or aeration, as the case may be. The valve chamber and the nozzle chamber serve to retain wild gases, and insure a uniform discharge of gasified liquid from one pressure stage to the next lower stage and final delivery.

While I have shown and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction herein set forth by way of illustration, as it is apparent that many changes and variations may be madetherein, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed:

1. A dispensing valve for charged liquids, including, in combination, a valve chamber mounting a springbiased valve; means for unseating the valve; a valve stem reciprocally mounted in a tubular valve plug having a valve-seating top surface and a frusto-conical bottom surface, the stem forming a plurality of parallel discharge duets with the plug; dual discharge means adapted to be selectively placed in fluid communication with the valve chamber by the valve unseating means; a reciprocable sheath member encasing the valve chamber and va1ve-unseating means; a discharge nozzle embodied in the sheath; a combination flow straightener and valve unseating means support seated in the nozzle; and a sheath reciprocating member in the top of the sheath adapted for pivoted bearing engagement with the valve chamber to lift the sheath.

2. A two-position lift-valve adapted for the selective delivery of either full-flow or needle-spray of charged water, comprising a draft arm coupled to a supply of charged water; a valve casing coupled to the draft arm; a valve in the casing; a multiple duct-forming valve stem reciprocably secured in the valve casing; said stem being reciprocally mounted in a tubular valve plug having a valve-seating top surface and a frusto-conical bottom surface, the stem forming a plurality of parallel discharge ducts with the plug; a needle spray duct subjoined to the valve stem and in fluid communication with at least one of the multiple ducts; a discharge nozzle reeiprocably mounted on and over the bottom of valve casing; supporting means in the nozzle for the spray duct; a sheath reciprocably mounted on and over the top of the valve casing and operatively joined to the discharge nozzle; and means in the sheath for lifting same whereby to lift the valve stem'and open the valve.

3. Valverrleehan'ism for use in dispensing charged liquids, including, in combination, an inverted cup-shaped valve casing; a lateral charged liquid inlet pipe integral with the valve casing and embouched in the middle of the wall thereof; a centrally apertured plug threadedly engaged in the valve casing and defining a valve chamber against the flanged bottom of the valve and top of the valve chamber, whereby the valve is normally springbiased into chamber outlet-sealing position; a polygonal valve stem slidingly fitted for reciprocation in the plug aperture and forming an annular array of a plurality of mutually parallel ducts conjointly serving as the discharge outlet for the valve chamber; a shouldered top spindle section integral with the valve stem and adapted for threaded engagement in the valve with conjoint locking bearing engagement with the gasket in the valve; an axially apertured, shouldered, elongated hollow spindle section integral with the bottom of the valve stem, and having at least one horizontal radial inlet duct at the bottom'of the valve stem in fluid communication with the surface of the stem and the axial aperture of the spindle; a frusto-conical dished bottomin the valve plug in free fluid communication with and forming an open, flaring bottom for the parallel discharge ducts, the radial inlet duct of the valve stem opening into the apex of the conical bottom when the valve is closed; a dished, flanged lock-nut mounting a gasket, threadedly secured on and over the upper section of the hollow spindle, and forcing the gasket into locked, bearing engagement with thevshouldered bottom, said gasket being vertically reciprocable into sealing, bearing engagement with the conical bottom of the valve plug, whereby the bottoms of the annular array of discharge ducts are sealed off, and

' the radial inlet to the hollow spindle forms the sole discharge outlet of the valve mechanism.

4. An actuating device for use with valve mechanisms of the type according to claim 3, including, in combination, a centrally apertured, cruciform, inverted frustroconical stream divider receiving the discharge end of the hollow spindle, and having bearing engagement with the bottom of the spindle-engaging lock-nut; a discharge nozzle having a cylindrical body section and a frustroconical discharge section receiving the cruciform stream divider, the inner surface of the cylindrical body having reciprocable sliding bearing engagement with the lower portion of the valve casing; a dome-topped cylindrical sheath member fitted for sliding bearing engagement with the upper portion of the valve casing, said sheath member being detachably coupled to the discharge nozzle, and the assembly having a vertical slot receiving the valve entrant pipe, the actuator device being normally springbiased into valve-closed position by the stream divider functioning as an element of the valve stem; and means for reciprocating the actuating device into either of two valve-opening positions, comprising a rocker member conformed to the top of the valve casing and the superjacent dome section of the sheath, the dome being slotted to receive an upstanding rocker member, whereby when the said member is moved to the first actuating position, the sheath is partially vertically reciprocated, raising the valve stem to valve-unseating position with the discharge ducts opened into the discharge nozzle and the cruciform discharge tip, and on continued movement to the second actuating position, the valve stem is raised to annular dischargednct-cl'osing position, whereby discharge from the valve is restricted to the axial outlet of the spindle.

5. An improved dispensing valve for charged liquids, comprising, in combination, a valve casing mounting a spring-biased valve; a valve stem reciprocably mounted in .8 a tubular valve plug having a valve-seating top surface and a frustro-conical bottom surface, the stem forming a plurality of parallel discharge duets with the plug; an axial discharge duct in the bottom of the valve stem having a radial entrant duct in fluid communication with the apex of the frustro-conical bottom of the plug; a valve threadedly mounted on the top of the valve stem and spring-biased into duct-closing position; a gasketed block-nut secured on the bottom of the valve stem below the radial entrant duct, said gasket adapted to seal off the parallel ducts, whereby outflow is restricted to the axial discharge duct; and actuating means for moving the valve stem into either of two valve-unseatingposi-- tions, said means embodying a cylindrical sheath reciprocably mounted on and over the valve casing, the sheath having a discharge nozzle seating a cruciform stream divider, the stream divider being axially apertured to receive the axial discharge duct and seating the springbiased valve stem, whereby when the sheath is partially reciprocated, the divider lifts the valve stem to unseat the valve and permit the discharge of charged fluid through the parallel ducts into and through the discharge nozzle, and when the sheath is fully reciprocated, the

bottom of the parallel ducts is sealed off, and outflow is concentrated in the axial discharge duct.

6. Valve. mechanism for dispensing charged liquids, comprising an inverted valve chamber fixedly coupled to a delivery tube for charged liquid; a detachable centrally apertured valve seat in the chamber; a spring-biased valve plate normally seated on and closing the valve seat; a polygonal valve stem reciprocable in the said central aperture, and forming a plurality of parallel discharge duets with the valve seat; said stern having a depending hollow spindle in fluid communication with the lower part of at least one face of the valve stem; a two-part sheath reciprocably fitted on and. over the valve and spindle, the lower part of the sheath having a frustroconical discharge opening; flow-straightening means seated in discharge opening, and movable with the sheath, said means being apertured to receive and seat the spindle, and reciprocable to move the spindle and valve disk against the bias of the valve-seating spring, whereby the valve chamber is placed in fluid communication with the central aperture and the discharge opening; slot means in said sheath receiving the delivery tube; rocker arm means seated on the top of the valve chamber and conformed to the upper inside surface of the sheath; a slot in the top of the sheath; and an actuating lever integral with the rocker arm, whereby when the lever is moved, the arm is pivoted, thereby lifting the sheath and unseat ing the valve.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 93,852 Baird Aug. 17, 1869 231,470 Bestwick Aug. 24, 1880 245,168 Hopkins Aug. 2, 1881 696,329 Green Mar. 25, 1902 1,167,959 Wiechert Jan. 11, 1916 2,627,439 Wornall Feb. 3, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 14,014 Great Britain 1915

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