US2874122A - Alkali metal soap thickened lubricating oil - Google Patents

Alkali metal soap thickened lubricating oil Download PDF

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US2874122A
US2874122A US576767A US57676756A US2874122A US 2874122 A US2874122 A US 2874122A US 576767 A US576767 A US 576767A US 57676756 A US57676756 A US 57676756A US 2874122 A US2874122 A US 2874122A
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range
weight percent
resin
greases
grease
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US576767A
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Metenier Robert Henri
Signouret Jean-Baptiste
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Esso SA
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Esso Standard SA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/042—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved lubricating greases, in particular to lubricating greases which are stable at high temperatures and which are resistant to mechanical stress and to oxidation and processes for preparing them.
  • Greases used at high temperature under diflicult working conditions, at high speed and under heavy loads, must possess good resistance to mechanical stress, stability at high temperature and good resistance to oxidation to ensure satisfactory lubrication.
  • the present invention relates to greases which have a good stability at high temperature and under mechanical stress, a remarkable resistance to oxidation as well as other advantageous properties, which contain a stabilizing agent obtained by condensing an alkylene oxide with a phenolic aminated resin.
  • the proportion of stabilising agent incorporatedin the grease is, according to the invention, between 01 and'5%, particularly between 0.5 and 2% by weight based on the total grease composition.
  • the phenolic-amino-resins may be obtained by condensation of an alkylphenol with, for example, formaldehyde or trioxymethylene in the presence of ammonia.
  • the alkylene oxides or the polyoxyalkylenes capable of being condensed with the phenolic-amino-resins preferably contain from 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, and include polyoxides. They are preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide.
  • the lubricating oils used as base oils in the greases of the present invention may be mineral or synthetic oils having a viscosity at 100 F., preferably between and 433 centistokes and particularly between 18 and 217 centistokes, and having a viscosity index within the range 0 to 160, and preferably greater than 60.
  • the metal soaps employed in the greases of the present invention are preferably alkali or alkaline-earth metal soaps, particularly sodium or lithium soaps having the ability to form greases having a sufliciently high drop point, and are present in the greases in grease-making proportions, preferably between 3 to by weight based on the total composition, and according to the type of grease which it is desired to obtain.
  • the acids used to obtain the grease-making soaps are preferably long chain fatty acids which may be saturated "ice or unsaturated and may be'obtained, for example, from animal, marine or vegetable hydrogenated oils and greases or by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, or they may be triglycerides.
  • the greases in the invention may be prepared by the ordinary mixing, heating and cooling processes.
  • the fatty acid and thestabilizing agent described above may be added to all or part of the selected lubricating oil, and after heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to obtain a homogeneous mixture, the saponification agent is added and further heating takes place until homogenization and saponification takes place.
  • the grease is then poured on to trays and after cooling, the blocks of grease so formed are worked up to the desired consistency.
  • the stabilizing agent may be added, if desired, at the end of the heating, before the pouring, instead of with the fatty acid.
  • stabilizing agents according to the present invention is particularly efficacious for greases obtained from substantially naphthenic oils, or from synthetic oils of an aromatic character.
  • the present invention therefore comprises improved greases comprising a lubricating oil, a grease-making proportion of a metal soap, and a minor proportion of a stabilizing agent consisting of the reaction product of a phenolic-amino-resin with an alkylene oxide.
  • Two 'phenolic-amino-resins A and B were prepared by heating the following mixtures for 6 hours at 130-150 F.
  • Resin A Resin B Octyljphenol 100 Dilutlon oil (viscosity of 50 0. 29 to 38 centistokes) I 50 'lrioxymethylene p 2O 20 15 parts of ammonia were injected during 6 hours,
  • the stabilizing agent C was prepared by reacting with 15% of ethylene oxide at a temperature of 320356 F. for 15 hours.
  • the stabilizing agent D was obtained by reacting 25% of ethylene oxide with resin B at a temperature of about 320v F. for 20 hours.
  • pan cooling The mode of operation used for the preparation of the greases in the examples was derived fromthe recognised grease-making process called pan cooling. It consists of putting all the ingredients in a tank, eliminating the water, heating until the melting of the mass in the neighbourhood of 390 F. The mass is then poured into trays and, after re-cooling, the pans of grease are worked and homogenized.
  • a grease having the following composition was prepared as described, and labelled Grease A.
  • EXAMPLE II 4 bined nitrogen and then reacting said resin within the range of to weight percent, based on said resin, of an alkylene oxide having in the range of 2 to 6 carbon atoms at a temperature in the range of 320 to 356 F.
  • a lubricating grease composition comprising a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, in the range of 3 to weight percent of an alkali metal soap of a long chain fatty acid, and in the range of 0.1 to 5 Weight percent of a stabilizing agent consisting essentially of a reaction product formed by the condensation of a higher alkyl phenol, a trioxymethylene, and ammonia at a temperature in the range of 130 to 300 F.
  • Table I shows that by incorporating stabilizing agents according to the invention, improved greases are obtained, and which are superior to even greases containing a phenolic-amino-resin.
  • a lubricating grease composition comprising a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, in the range of 3 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal soap of a long chain fatty acid, and in the range of 0.1 to 5 weight percent of a stabilizing agent consisting essentially of a reaction product formed by the condensation of a higher alkyl phenol, a formaldehyde and ammonia in an oil diluent at a temperature in the range of 130 to 300 F. to obtain a phenolic-amino-resin containing in the range of 1.4 to 2.2 weight percent com- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,340,036 Zimmer et al. Jan.

Description

United States Patent ALKALI METAL SOAP THICKENED LUBRICATING OIL Robert Henri Metenier and J can-Baptiste Signouret, Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon, Seine Maritime, France, assignors to Esso Standard Societe Anonyme Frangaise, Paris, France, a body corporate No Drawing. pplication April 9, 1956 Serial No. 576,767
Claims priority, application France May 23, 1955 2 Claims. (Cl. 252-421) The present invention relates to improved lubricating greases, in particular to lubricating greases which are stable at high temperatures and which are resistant to mechanical stress and to oxidation and processes for preparing them.
Greases used at high temperature under diflicult working conditions, at high speed and under heavy loads, must possess good resistance to mechanical stress, stability at high temperature and good resistance to oxidation to ensure satisfactory lubrication.
It is Well known that greases having an alkaline soap base, notably sodium soaps, dispersed in a highly refined V mineral oil having a good viscosity index, are in general best suited for such purposes. The use of certain additional compounds with such greases, particularly polyglycols and polyalkylene amines, act as peptizing agents, resulting in the effective dispersal of the alkaline soaps in the base oils, and which at the same time give the greases an excellent resistance to mechanical stress and a good stability at high temperatures. Aromatic amines such as phenylalpha naphthylamine, act as anti-oxidants when incorporated in such greases.
The present invention relates to greases which have a good stability at high temperature and under mechanical stress, a remarkable resistance to oxidation as well as other advantageous properties, which contain a stabilizing agent obtained by condensing an alkylene oxide with a phenolic aminated resin.
The proportion of stabilising agent incorporatedin the grease is, according to the invention, between 01 and'5%, particularly between 0.5 and 2% by weight based on the total grease composition.
The phenolic-amino-resins may be obtained by condensation of an alkylphenol with, for example, formaldehyde or trioxymethylene in the presence of ammonia.
The alkylene oxides or the polyoxyalkylenes capable of being condensed with the phenolic-amino-resins preferably contain from 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, and include polyoxides. They are preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide.
The lubricating oils used as base oils in the greases of the present invention may be mineral or synthetic oils having a viscosity at 100 F., preferably between and 433 centistokes and particularly between 18 and 217 centistokes, and having a viscosity index within the range 0 to 160, and preferably greater than 60.
The metal soaps employed in the greases of the present invention are preferably alkali or alkaline-earth metal soaps, particularly sodium or lithium soaps having the ability to form greases having a sufliciently high drop point, and are present in the greases in grease-making proportions, preferably between 3 to by weight based on the total composition, and according to the type of grease which it is desired to obtain.
The acids used to obtain the grease-making soaps are preferably long chain fatty acids which may be saturated "ice or unsaturated and may be'obtained, for example, from animal, marine or vegetable hydrogenated oils and greases or by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, or they may be triglycerides.
Other addition compounds may be incorporated in the greases of the present invention, such as agents improving adhesion, anti-rust agents, and extreme pressure agents.
The greases in the invention may be prepared by the ordinary mixing, heating and cooling processes. Thus the fatty acid and thestabilizing agent described above may be added to all or part of the selected lubricating oil, and after heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to obtain a homogeneous mixture, the saponification agent is added and further heating takes place until homogenization and saponification takes place. The grease is then poured on to trays and after cooling, the blocks of grease so formed are worked up to the desired consistency. The stabilizing agent may be added, if desired, at the end of the heating, before the pouring, instead of with the fatty acid.
The use of stabilizing agents according to the present invention is particularly efficacious for greases obtained from substantially naphthenic oils, or from synthetic oils of an aromatic character.
The present invention therefore comprises improved greases comprising a lubricating oil, a grease-making proportion of a metal soap, and a minor proportion of a stabilizing agent consisting of the reaction product of a phenolic-amino-resin with an alkylene oxide.
The following examples show the advantages obtained by the composition of the present invention.
Two 'phenolic-amino-resins A and B were prepared by heating the following mixtures for 6 hours at 130-150 F.
Resin A Resin B Octyljphenol 100 Dilutlon oil (viscosity of 50 0. 29 to 38 centistokes) I 50 'lrioxymethylene p 2O 20 15 parts of ammonia were injected during 6 hours,
then heated for 2-hours at 2l2-220 F and finally for 3 hours at 300 F- In this way theresins A and B having the following characteristics were obtained: 1
From the resin A the stabilizing agent C was prepared by reacting with 15% of ethylene oxide at a temperature of 320356 F. for 15 hours.
In the same'way the stabilizing agent D was obtained by reacting 25% of ethylene oxide with resin B at a temperature of about 320v F. for 20 hours.
The mode of operation used for the preparation of the greases in the examples was derived fromthe recognised grease-making process called pan cooling. It consists of putting all the ingredients in a tank, eliminating the water, heating until the melting of the mass in the neighbourhood of 390 F. The mass is then poured into trays and, after re-cooling, the pans of grease are worked and homogenized.
A grease having the following composition was prepared as described, and labelled Grease A.
Stearic acid, percent 15 Pure soda, percent 2.45
Mineral oil, percent 82.55
(Viscosity at 100 F.=32 centistokes. Viscosity index=l15.)
1.2% in weight of resin B was incorporated in grease A, the mixture being labelled Grease B.
EXAMPLE I 1% in weight of stabilizing agent C was incorporated in grease A. 7
EXAMPLE II 4 bined nitrogen and then reacting said resin within the range of to weight percent, based on said resin, of an alkylene oxide having in the range of 2 to 6 carbon atoms at a temperature in the range of 320 to 356 F. 2. A lubricating grease composition comprising a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, in the range of 3 to weight percent of an alkali metal soap of a long chain fatty acid, and in the range of 0.1 to 5 Weight percent of a stabilizing agent consisting essentially of a reaction product formed by the condensation of a higher alkyl phenol, a trioxymethylene, and ammonia at a temperature in the range of 130 to 300 F. to obtain a phenolic-amino-resin containing in the range of 15% in Weight of the stabilizing agent D was incop a 1.4 to 2.2 percent combined nltrogen, and then reacting porated in grease said resin withm the range or 15 to 25 Weight percent Table I shows the results of the tests for the greases of ethylene Oxide at a temperature in thelange 0f described above. to 356 F.
Table I Greases prepared as in Results Grease Grease Example Example A B I II Characteristics Drop point, F. 173 174 178 183 Flow test 100 g. of grease are placed on a Wire gauze cone 9 8. 7 0.9 0. 8 having a mesh aperture of 149 microns (100 mesh) placed above a beaker and held 111 position for 50 hours. The percent in weight of the oil separated is ascertained. Penetration ASTM:
Worked 50 strokes 350 352 287 283 Stability as regards mechanical working. Worked 1,000 strokes 370 374 320 303 Worked 100,000 strokes Fluid Fluid 345 325 Oxydizatlon test (Norma-Hofiman) Asample of 20 g. of grease is placed ina bomb 1 10 l 600 1 400 1 600 under an oxygen pressure of 7 kg./em. at 99 C. The time necessary to obtain a pressure drop of 0.35 kgJcm. is measured.
1 Hours.
Table I shows that by incorporating stabilizing agents according to the invention, improved greases are obtained, and which are superior to even greases containing a phenolic-amino-resin.
What we claim is:
1. A lubricating grease composition comprising a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, in the range of 3 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal soap of a long chain fatty acid, and in the range of 0.1 to 5 weight percent of a stabilizing agent consisting essentially of a reaction product formed by the condensation of a higher alkyl phenol, a formaldehyde and ammonia in an oil diluent at a temperature in the range of 130 to 300 F. to obtain a phenolic-amino-resin containing in the range of 1.4 to 2.2 weight percent com- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,340,036 Zimmer et al. Jan. 25, 1944 2,388,057 Herlocker et al. Oct. 30, 1945 2,410,911 Wasson et al. Nov. 12, 1946 2,453,850 Mikeska et al. Nov. 16, 1948 2,454,541 Bock et al. Nov. 23, 1948 2,487,378 Roehmer et al. Nov. 8, 1949 2,499,365 De Groote et al. Mar. 7, 1950 2,506,906 Smith et al. May 9, 1950 2,526,490 Lieber Oct. 17, 1950 2,612,474 Morgan et a1 Sept. 30, 1952 2,659,696 Neif Nov. 17, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 745,161 Great Britain Feb. 22, 1956

Claims (1)

1. A LUBARICATING GREASE COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF A MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL, IN THE RANGE OF 3 TO 30 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AN ALKALI METAL SOAP OF A LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID, AND IN THE RANGE OF 0.1 TO 5 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A STABILIZING AGENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A REACTION PRODUCT FORMED BY THE CONDENSATION OF A HIGHER ALKYL PHENOL, A FORMALDEHYDE AND AMMONIA IN AN OIL DILUENT AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 130* TO 300*F. TO OBTAIN A PHENOLIC-AMINO-RESIN CONTAINING IN THE RANGE OF 1.4 TO 2.2 WEIGHT PERCENT COMBINED NITROGEN AND THEN REACTING SAID RESIN WITHIN THE RANGE OF 15 ATO 25 WEIGHT PERCENT, BASED ON SAID RESIN, OF AN ALKYLENE OXIDE HAVING IN THE RANGE OF 2 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 320* TO 360*F.
US576767A 1955-05-23 1956-04-09 Alkali metal soap thickened lubricating oil Expired - Lifetime US2874122A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921904A (en) * 1957-07-17 1960-01-19 California Research Corp Grease composition containing metal salt of reaction product of alkylphenol, fatty acid and aldehyde

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2340036A (en) * 1941-12-30 1944-01-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant composition
US2388057A (en) * 1942-04-24 1945-10-30 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricant
US2410911A (en) * 1943-12-22 1946-11-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Process of preparing a lubricating oil solution of a condensed organic amino compound
US2453850A (en) * 1941-12-03 1948-11-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating compositions
US2454541A (en) * 1944-09-09 1948-11-23 Rohm & Haas Polymeric detergents
US2487378A (en) * 1948-04-17 1949-11-08 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Lubricant
US2499365A (en) * 1947-03-07 1950-03-07 Petrolite Corp Chemical manufacture
US2506906A (en) * 1949-05-19 1950-05-09 Gulf Oil Corp Stabilized lubricating grease compositions
US2526490A (en) * 1946-12-12 1950-10-17 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant composition
US2612474A (en) * 1948-05-04 1952-09-30 Cities Service Res & Dev Co Resin base dispersion products and synthetic greases
US2659696A (en) * 1950-07-17 1953-11-17 Union Oil Co Lubricating oil containing a metal salt of a condensation product of an alkyl substituted phenol and an olefin oxide
GB745161A (en) * 1952-05-02 1956-02-22 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating compositions

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453850A (en) * 1941-12-03 1948-11-16 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating compositions
US2340036A (en) * 1941-12-30 1944-01-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant composition
US2388057A (en) * 1942-04-24 1945-10-30 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricant
US2410911A (en) * 1943-12-22 1946-11-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Process of preparing a lubricating oil solution of a condensed organic amino compound
US2454541A (en) * 1944-09-09 1948-11-23 Rohm & Haas Polymeric detergents
US2526490A (en) * 1946-12-12 1950-10-17 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant composition
US2499365A (en) * 1947-03-07 1950-03-07 Petrolite Corp Chemical manufacture
US2487378A (en) * 1948-04-17 1949-11-08 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Lubricant
US2612474A (en) * 1948-05-04 1952-09-30 Cities Service Res & Dev Co Resin base dispersion products and synthetic greases
US2506906A (en) * 1949-05-19 1950-05-09 Gulf Oil Corp Stabilized lubricating grease compositions
US2659696A (en) * 1950-07-17 1953-11-17 Union Oil Co Lubricating oil containing a metal salt of a condensation product of an alkyl substituted phenol and an olefin oxide
GB745161A (en) * 1952-05-02 1956-02-22 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2921904A (en) * 1957-07-17 1960-01-19 California Research Corp Grease composition containing metal salt of reaction product of alkylphenol, fatty acid and aldehyde

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