US287392A

US287392A - Machine for cutting fiber

Info

Publication number: US287392A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1883-10-23
Anticipated expiration: 1900-10-23

Description

6 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Model.)

Patented Oct. 23, 1883.

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E. W. ROSS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING-FIBER. No. 287,392. Patented Oct. 23, 1883.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. W. ROSS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FIBER. No. 287,892. Patented Oct. 2-3, 1883.

(No Model.)

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. W. ROSS.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING FIBER.

No. 287,392. Patented Oct. 23, 1883.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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E W. ROSS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FIBER.

Patented Oct. 23, 1888.

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(No Modei.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

E. W. ROSS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FIBER.

No 287,892. Patented Oct. 23, 1888.

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PATENT MACHINE FOR CUTTING FIBER.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 287,392, dated October 23, 1883.

Application filed June'28, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ELMORE W. Ross, of Fulton, in the county of Oswego, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Agricultural and Fiber-Cutting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in agricultural and fiber-cutting machines in which the cutter-knives may out either from above or below; a selfadjusting feed-roll and an independently-yielding compressor, acting in conjunction therewith, both arranged to accommodate themselves to the, varying thickness of the material operated upon; to a-yielding feedroll actuated by round-faced gear and a sliding or extensible tumbling shaft; to the employment of a carrier in combination with a supplemental feed-box or annexed table; to the construction of knives in two or more sections to perform the office of a single long knife, the sections being arranged either to abut together in one continuous shear line or to stand in a broken shear line; and to the employment of three or more knife heads or hubs upon the same shaft, so as to permit the use of two or more sections of a single knife, either in broken or unbroken shear line, the same also serving as a support to long knives to prevent the springing away of their centers from the cutting-edge of the stationary mouthpiece.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a right-hand side elevation of a cutting-machine, the position of right and left being taken from the cutter or driving-wheel end of the machine. Fig.2 is a left-hand elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is aplan view with the hood removed. Fig. 3 is abroken section of the end of the supplemental table which abuts against the feed-box, showing the trap'for the escape of foreign substances. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 3, taken upon the dotted lineman thereof. a Fig. 5 is a front View of the two feed-rollers, showing the gears attached, respectively, thereto in section. Fig. 6 is a vertical section throughthe flutedfeed-roller. Fig. 7 is a side view of thegearing of the feed-rollers and the upper and compound yokes thereof. Fig. 8 is'a plan View of the round-faced gear and its compound yoke, having trunnions at either end. Fig. 9 is a'view partly in section, of the cutter-knives and main shaft,

showing the relative position of the same to the mouth-piece, adjustable compressor, and feedsrolls, and the actuating mechanism of the lower feed-roller and adjustable compressor in an 1 upcutting machine. Fig. 9 shows the compressor provided with friction rollers. Fig. 10 is a view of the feed-rollers similar to Fig. 5, showing a modification in the extensible tumbling coupling between the fluted feedrollers and the round-faced gear. Fig. 11 is a view of the pin end of the round-faced gearshaft. end of the fluted feed-roller shaft. a side elevation of a safety balance-wheel with one form of friction-gibs. Fig. 14 is a vertical section of Fig. 13 through the dotted lines. Fig. 15 is a broken section, of one of the arms of the safety balance-wheel, taken at the point of fastening the pulley T thereto. Fig. 16 is a view of the dividing-pulley, taken from the side which abuts against the safety balancewheel. Fig. 17 represents a central broken section of a safety balance-wheel in which the friction-gibs are of different construction from those shown in Fig. 13, and Fig. 18 represents another form of extensible tumbling shaft for connecting the yielding feed-roll with its driving-gear. Fig. 19 is a side elevation, showing the arrangement of the main and supplemental feed-boxes and mechanism for actuating the feeding devices thereof. Fig. 20 is a Fig. 12 is a View of the slotted hub Fig. 13 is I broken plan View, showing an arrangement of carriers in connection with the two feed-boxes. Fig. 21 is a front elevation of the knife-cylinder, showing the knives made in short sections, with the independent cutter hubs or heads for supporting them; and Fig. 22 is a section through Fig. 21, showing the relation of the short sections of the knives when arranged in broken shear lines. V Similar letters refer to similar parts through out the several views.

A A is the supporting frame-work of the cutting-machine.

B B are the side boards of the feeding-box.

B isthe bed or platform of the feeding-box.

O is a supplemental feed-table provided with a feeding carrier or apron.

D is a broken section of an adjustable can:

rier attachment for removing the cut mate rial, and driven in any desired manner from the main shaft.

E is a driving-pulley keyed to the knife or main shaft, being connected by belting to the driving-power.

F is a loose pulley upon the knife or main shaft.

G G are the vertical cheek-studs of the headrigging.

H is the top board of the head-rigging,and I the bottom board of the same.

J is ahood, constructed so as to be easily removed, and completely covering the knifecutters, thus preventing the cut stock from flying, and also preventing accidents.

K is a brace to the frame-work A A.

L is one of two spring-bars placed in position on either side of the machine,their larger or outer ends resting against and below a crosspiece of the frame-work, and having fulcrum bolts or rods (1, spring-bolts Cat their smaller or inner ends, and spring-box carrying rods or bolts n.

M is an ordinary balance-wheel fastened to the outer end of the knife or main shaft, onthe left-hand side of the machine.

N is a spur drivinggear fastened to the lefthand end of the upper feed-roller shaft.

0 is the upper feed-roller gear.

P is a yoke for gear 0, fastened by bolts. j j to the cheek-studs of the head-riggingG G, and serving to support the outer end of the upper feed-roller shaft.

Q is a round-faced gear mounted in a 'swiveling yoke, It, and connected by a sliding or 1 extensible tumbling shaft'wi'th the flutedfeedroller. adapted by its swiveling yoke to vibrate laterally, the pitch-line of the rounded teeth is always preserved in proper and mechanical relation to the straightfaced gear by which it is driven, or which it may drive at all times,

whereas with two straight-faced gears there would be but one point of vibration in which the teeth would be in proper pitch-line, while at the extreme vibrations of the said gear the teeth would bottom and ride.

R is a compound yoke, made in two parts fastened together by bolts Z Z. of this compound yoke are trunnionsk k, having bearings in the cheek-studs of the headrigging G G. This yoke serves to carry the round-faced gear Q, and by being hung on't'he trunnions, as described, it accommodatesitself to any vertical or inclined plane the roundfaced gear mayassume when the machine is in operation. I also construct a yoke of similar form in a single piece, in which the round faced gear is held in position and place by the shaft passing through the sides of 'the'yoke and hub of the gear, as seen in Fig. 10 at R the difference in the two yokes being that when a compound yoke is used the slack of the universal-j oint shaft is either given or taken up through the hub of the round-faced gear, while in a simple yoke the slack or vibration of the By the use of this round-faced gear, I

At either end Y shaft is given or taken up either in a pin-coupling or a coupling-shaft in two parts, as presently described, the end of said shaft being fastened in the hub of the round-faced gear and having bearings in the yoke.

S S S S are head-rods passing through and from the upper head-board, H, to and through the bottom head-board, I, thus serving to secure and strengthen this portion of the mechanism.

T is the knife-shaft or main shaft, running in the several boxes, as represented in Fig. 4.

U'is a small feed-pinion upon the main shaft, gearing into the feed-gear N:

V V V V are the cutting-knives, cutting upon a shear to the cutting-edge of the stationary mouth-piece A, and in their cross-section corresponding to the circle of their rotation. These knives are fastened by means of arivetheaded bolt, J, and nut to hangers W.

X X X X are the knife-heads, which project from a common hub fastened to the main shaft T. To these heads the hangers W are fastened by means of bolts K. In a large machine, where the length of the knives renders it desirable, one or more additional heads are interposed at proper intervals between the end ones, for preventing spring of the knife, and

I 1 in such larger machines I may form the knife in two or more short sections, with their ends abutting against each other and. forming a continuous cutting-edge. The knife-heads may be so adjusted as to cause the sections to break joints, so to speak, at their adjoining ends, this construction and arrangement reducing the cost of replacement should any of the sections become broken.

Y is a smooth-faced feed-roller, represented as placed above the fluted feed-roller. It is fastened to the shaft 6, which is actuated by the gear-wheel N.

Z is thelower fluted feed-roller, having flutes p and narrow fillets or rolling-surfaces I I at its ends for the upper feed-roll to ride upon, thus preventing the pounding or jarring of the same upon the flutes p, and consequent jarito the machine, possible breakage and loosening I of nuts, while at the same time giving an intermittent feed to the material operated upon.

A is a stationary mouth-piece, which may be placed in position in front of the smoothfaced feed-roller, arranged either above or below the material being operated upon-above in upcutting machines and below in downcutting machines-and is provided with a cutteredge of chilled iron, or a steel plate, a, bolted thereto, as represented.

B is an adjustable compressor or mouthpiece, which may be placed either above or below the stationary mouthpiece, being in either case in vertical apposition thereto. This compressor or mouth-piece is provided with perforated arms, through which it is hinged to the shaft of the yielding feed-roller, and has the bolts 0 pivoted to it at b, said bolts being surrounded by spiral springs so arranged that when pressure is brought to bear g g I V v i on said mouth-piece after the stock has passed the feed-rollers it may yield to accommodate said pressure independently of the yielding feed-roller, vibrating around the latter as a center. The connection of the mouth-piece with the shaft of the feed-roller adapts said mouth-piece also to yield with said roller, the bolts 0 being acted upon by the spring-bars L,'for drawing the mouth-piece down when the feed-roller yields.

D is a spring-box bearing against the under side of the shaft f of the fluted feed-roller Z. This spring-box is actuated by a bolt or rod, n, passing therefrom to the spring-bar L, said rod being provided with an adjustingnut, 0.

E is the spout of the machine, from which the cut material falls to the carrier.

F is an ordinary universal joint, one portion of which is attached to one end of the fluted feedroller shaft f and another portion attached to the shaft a, the outer end, an, of which passes through the hub of the round-faced gear. The hole of the hub of the round-faced gear may be of any shape, so that a positive driving motion is secured, and the end m of the shaft u is made to conform in shape thereto. In the drawings the hole in the hub and the end of the shaft are shown of a six-sided form. The end of the shaft sliding freely in the hub of the round-faced gear, it will be seen that all give and take of slack in the connecting parts between the round-faced gearand the feed-roller Z, caused bythe forcing apart of the feed-rollers by the passing stock,is made in the hub of the round-faced gear.

G, Fig. 10, is an extensible pincoupling, which may be used as a substitute forthe construction last'above described, and which consists of a hollow cylindrical hub, G, attached to the shaft f of the lower feed-roll, Z, and having one or more longitudinal slots, 8. Upon the end of the round-faced gear-shaft u is a small hub having pins t, to correspondin number to the number of the slots in the above-mentioned hub and working therein. This form of sliding coupling has been found in practice to work with great freedom, obviating all binding or cramping of the parts. The outer end of the round-faced gear-shaft u is fastened to the gear, and in Fig. 10 is shown holding the gear in position by passing through the sides of a plain yoke constructed in one piece and working upon trunnions, as set forth in the construction of a compound yoke. All the give and take consequent upon the separation of the feed-rollers, it will thus be seen, takes place directly in the pin-coupling parts, while a positive rotation of the shaft is secured by the bearing of the pins it upon the side walls of the slots in the hub G. If desired, I construct a double pin-coupling having two sets of pins and two hubs with slots, as described, for the purpose of obtaining two angles between the round-faced gear and fluted feedroller.

.H is still another form of coupling-shaft part w is secured to the round-faced gear Q,

and the male portion 00 is connected by means of a universal joint to the shaft f of the lower feed-roller, Z. The female part 20 has a hollow socket or hole of any desired shape that will secure a positive driving motion, the male part 00 corresponding to and fitting in the same. The give and take of slack, it will thus be seen, takes place in the junction of the two parts 10 and m. 1 is a collar on the female part w, bearing against the hub of the roundfaced gear; The arrangement of the parts may be reversed, if desired.

I I are rings formed upon or secured to the ends of the fluted feed-roller Z, upon which the smooth upper feed-roller Y may ride without jar or damage, as already described, said rings forming smooth rolling surfaces.

J J are bolts securing the knives to hang- P P are lugs cast'upon theinne'r side of the hub N, serving to hold the friction-gibs O O O in position.

Q Q Q are bosses cast upon the outside of the hollow hub N, through which pass the setscrews R, their inner ends bearing upon the friction-gibs O O O.

S is a sleeve fastened to the main shaft T, upon the outside of which the friction-gibs O O O are brought to bear. This sleeve S has a flange, \V, which serves to hold both the safety balance-wheel and the driving wheel or pulley in place upon the shaft T when the two are bolted together.

T is the driving-pulley, having arms Y, through which are holes V for the admission of the bolts V, in securing the same to the balance-wheel. The hub Z of the drivingpulley is placed to one side thereof, and has a recess, X, which fits over the flange WV of the sleeve S, in conjunction with which the driving-pulley and the safety balance-wheel are secured in a fixed position upon the shaft T.

U U are lugs cast upon the arms of the safety balancawheel, through which the bolts V pass, securing the drivingpulley to the balance-wheel.

Fig. 17 shows a variation in the mode of constructing the friction-gibs. a a a are the friction gibs havin g bosses against which .a flatended set-screw, b, is set, held in place by a jam-nut, c, which may be dispensed with, if desired. In this variation the lugs P are omitted.

g, Fig. 2, is a slot in the left-hand side plate, i, a corresponding slot being formed in the right-hand side plate, h, said slots being made to accommodate the vertical movements of the shaft f of the feed-roll Z, and also the vertical movements of the spring-boxes D.

m is the end of the shaft of the universal joint F, which passes through the hub of and is driven by the round'faced feed-roller gear, being made of any desired form that will serve to give a positive driving motion and at the same time allow it to slide lengthwise in the hole in the hub of the gear conforming to the same.

q is the gear end of the pin coupling shaft, and it may be made of any desired form that will secure a positive driving motion. It passes through the hub of the round-faced gear, the hole of which is made to conform in shape thereto, and has bearings on either side thereof in the sides of the simple yoke R, thus serving to hold the round-faced gear in proper working position.

z is the end of the female portion of the coupling-shaft in two parts, (see Fig. 18,) being secured to the hub of the roundfaced gear Q, and formed in any shape that will secure a positive driving motion.

a (see Fig. 3) is an opening or trap made in the end of the supplemental feed-table nearest to the main feed-box, which serves to allow of the passage of any foreign substance or dirt contained in the stock being fed to the machine, thus preventing said foreign matter or dirt from passing with the stock to the cutters.

b is an incline extending entirely across the bed of the supplemental feed box or table, over which the foreign matter and dirt that may escape through the hole or trap a pass.

0 is the bed of the annexed table.

The means for feeding the material to be 0perated upon may consist of a single carrier composed of endless side chains and transverse slats connecting them, as shown, or separate carriers may be used for each feed-box, that of box 0" feeding to box B. Any suitable form of carriers and actuating mechanism may be used.

Having thus described fully and in detail the several parts of my improvements, their construction and relation to each other, I will now describe their operation.

The stock or material to be cut is thrown, Without regard to any regular distribution,upon the annexed table, from which it passes to the feeding-box over the trap a, through which any heavy or foreign matter or dirt. contained in the material being served falls, passing over the incline b to the ground. Where feedaprons are used upon the supplemental and main feeding-boxes, the services of an operator for feeding the stock or material from the supplemental table to the feeding-box are of course dispensed with. The stock or material passes immediately from the main feeding-box to the feed-rolls, one of which is actuated by the feedgear driven by the pinion attached to the main driving-shaft, and the other by gearing connecting it with the shaft of the first-named feed-roll As the stock passes to the feed-rolls they are forced away from each other in proportion to the varying thickness of the material fed, which brings into action the springbars attached near either end of one of the feed-rolls through the connection of the spring.

boxes and their rods attached to the springbars, as already shown. From the feed-rolls the material passes through and between the fixed mouth-piece and the yielding compressor, and as it swells or expands from the pressure applied to it by'the'feed-rolls the yielding compressor is forced to give way and conform to all unevenness or lumpiness of material by the action of the spring-bolts attached thereto at either end and to the outer endof the springlevers. This yielding compressor I use'upon both upcutting and downcutting machines. In an upcutting machine it isplaced below a stationary mouth-piece, and in downcutting machines it is placed above said mouth-piece. This compressor may consist simply of a jaw adapted to yield, as described, or it may be provided with one or more fluted or smooth friction-rollers b (see Fig. 9",) the purpose being to compress and guide the material in the interval between the feeding-rollers and the knives, so as to prevent any spreading or curling of the material being cut, andthe slipping or dropping down of pieces of stock. It alsoassists in producing an evenness of cut by guiding or carrying the material directly to the cutting-plate or cutting-edge of the stationary mouth-piece. The cutterknives at this point out up the material as it passes the mouth-piece by bringing their cutting-edges to bear with a shearing action against the chilled edge or cutter-plate of the stationary mouthpiece, and the cut material-such as rags, jute, hemp, straw, hay, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane,

spout placed below the cutter-knives, and is conveyed thence by the carrier attachment to any desired point. The hood prevents the flying of the cut material, as well asaccidents from broken knives or machinery. Should any foreign substance-such as stones, pieces of wood, or other matter-come in contact with the knives, causing them to stop or become retarded in motion, the slipping of the gibs or of the flat-ended set-screws from the bosses of the gibs, as described, releases the balance and band wheels from the cutter-shaft, and leaves them free to expend their momentum without damage to the several parts of the machine. The obstructions being removed, the screws or gibs are readjusted and the machine is again ready for operation.

Having thus described the construction and operation of my improvements, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a cutting-machine, 0f

the two feed-rolls, one of which is adapted to yield in its bearings, gears for actuating said feed-rolls, one of said gears having its teeth and the pitchlines thereof curved from side to side, a swiveling yoke in which one of said gears is mounted for permitting its lateral vibration, and a tumbling extensible shaft con necting said vibrating gear with the yielding feed-roll, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the fixed cutter and yielding feed-roll, of a yielding compressor for holding the material operated upon against the fixed cutter, said compressor being hinged to and adapted to yield simultaneously with the shaft of said yielding feed-roll, and also independently of said roll, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, in a cutting-machine having a fixed mouth-piece and cutter, of a yielding feed roller and an independentlyyielding mouth-piece or compressor hinged to and'vibrating around the shaft of said roller for holding the material operated upon against the fixed mouth-piece and cutter, said yielding mouth-piece being provided with one or more friction-rollers for facilitating the movements of the material operateduponto. the cutters.

. 4. The spirally-formed cutters, made in sec- 5. The cuttershaft provided with more than two independent radially-armed cutter-heads,

in combination with spirally-arranged cutters secured each to two or more of said heads,

whereby the line of cut is adapted to bebroken,

substantially as and for the purpose described. '6. The combination, with the main feed-box of a cutting-machine, of a second or. supplemental feedbox provided with an opening for the escape of foreign matter, and mechanism ,for automatically feeding the material. operated upon from said supplemental feed-box to the main feed -box and feed-rolls, substantially as described.

ELMORE \V. ROSS.

lVitnesses:

SAMUEL E. LINCOLN, FRANK R. RATHBUN.