US2870996A - Knockdown adjustable railing - Google Patents

Knockdown adjustable railing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2870996A
US2870996A US664090A US66409057A US2870996A US 2870996 A US2870996 A US 2870996A US 664090 A US664090 A US 664090A US 66409057 A US66409057 A US 66409057A US 2870996 A US2870996 A US 2870996A
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Prior art keywords
railing
rail
knockdown
spindles
extending
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US664090A
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Herbert M Helt
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NAT ALUMINUM PRODUCTS Co
NATIONAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTS Co
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NAT ALUMINUM PRODUCTS Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/181—Balustrades
    • E04F11/1817—Connections therefor
    • E04F11/1834—Connections therefor with adjustable angle, e.g. pivotal connections

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a railing and, more particularly, to an extruded, knockdown, metal railing which may be readily built up in selective lengths and automatically adjusted for any, slope of steps.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel metal railing which is devoid of the above named disadvantages and which may be built from simple and inexpensive, knockdown elements of relatively small size and weight, and which may be very easily and quickly assembled by an unskilled person at the building site, such as a home owner.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an extruded aluminum railing having pivotally connected parts of inexpensive construction which allow adjustability in the angle of inclination of the railing so as to adapt the railing for use alongside steps of different slopes.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a railing which may be built up from a minimum number of standard parts, some of which are interchangeable, and including modular sections, whereby a railing of variable length and slope may be easily and quickly put together at the home site.
  • Figure l is a side elevational view of a railing embodying the present invention, such as used on horizontal sur faces including sidewalks, patios etc.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the railing of Fig. 1 after it has been pivotally moved to the inclined position for use as a stair railing.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of Fig. 1
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the end knob shown at the upper left hand corner of Fig. 1
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged, elevational view of the end knob shown in Fig. 4
  • Figure 6 is a vertical, cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of Fig. 4
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged, elevational view of the rail end bracket 1a shown in Fig. 1
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged, fragmentary, exploded view, in elevation, showing the telescoping parts at the upper left hand corner of Figs. 1 and 2
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view of the top rail, showing its pivotal connection to the top end of a spindle 5.
  • Figure 10 is a similar view of the bottom rail, showing its pivotal connection to the bottom end of a spindle 5.
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of a cross-over cap interfitting the top rail.
  • Figure 12 is an elevational view of the detachable post base or floor flange
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged, perspective view showing the detachable post cap 7.
  • numerals 1 and 2 denote vertically extending posts, preferably of hollow tubular construction and extruded metal, such as aluminum. Adjacent the top and bottom portions of posts 1 and 2 are mounted, by means of machine screws or other suitable fastening means, rail end brackets la, 1b, 2a and 2b. As shown more clearly in Fig. 7, rail end bracket 1a is provided with a flange 1d, at right angles to its bottom portion, which has a hole lie to provide a pivotal connection with end knob 3a, shown more clearly in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Flange id is fitted into a central, vertical groove 3c (see Fig. 6) in the end knob. A binding bolt 6. is inserted through holes 1e and 8 to provide a pivotal connection, whereby the end knob may be adjustably pivoted relative to the end bracket to enable adjustment of the slope or inclination of the railing to match different slopes of steps.
  • End knob 3a which is of gracefully curved formation, is provided with a flange or extension 3b which is telescopically fitted between the vertically downwardly extending flanges 3b of top rail 3 and is lower in height than the top portion of the knob by the thickness of the top rail, wherebythe top surfaces of knob 3a and rail 3 will be flush when the parts are telescoped together so as to provide an apparently continuous element.
  • a similar end knob is provided at the opposite end of the top rail 3.
  • Figure 8 shows the telescoping parts of the top rail in the separated position.
  • a plurality of vertically extending tubular spindles 5 are provided in spaced, parallel relationship, the top ends of which are pivotally connected to the top rail 3 as shown in Fig. 9 and the bottom ends of which are pivotally connected to the bottom rail 4, the latter comprising rail sections 4a and 4b, as shown more clearly in Fig. 10.
  • a parallelogram linkage which enables the rail to be adjustably inclined from the horizontal position shown in Fig. 1, to that shown in Fig. 2, or to positions of lesser or greater angularity than that shown in Fig. 2.
  • This enables the same railing shown in Fig. 1 to be used on steps of any slope or inclination. It also permits further collapsing of the railing to facilitate packing and shipping in relatively small cartons.
  • the parts can be completely disassembled so as to fit into an even smaller carton, thus further facilitating packing and shipping.
  • end knobs 3a etc. may be omitted and the ends of the top and bottom rails may be bolted to the brackets 1a, 1b etc.
  • the top rail 3 comprises an extruded aluminum section having downwardly extending end flanges which conceal the pivotal joints, when viewed from above, and add ornamentation as well as strength and which terminate in inward extending beads 3d.
  • a binding bolt 6 is extended through registering holes formed in the central, downwardly extending flanges 3 of the top rail and through opposite sides of spindle 5, so as to pivotally connect, in an adjustable manner, the top rail and the various spindles 5. Similar pivotal connections are provided at the tops of the remaining spindles 5.
  • the bottom rail 4 is made upof two horizontally spaced sections 4a and 4b of angular cross-section, having outwardly extending and flanges which conceal bolts 6, and having downwardly extending inner. flanges provided with registering holes through which a pivotal binding bolt 6 extends, also through registering holes in opposite sides of the bottom portion of spindle 5.
  • the bottom rail 4 may be adjustably pivoted to any desired angle with respect to spindles 5, the; latter always remaining vertical.
  • Fig. 11 shows a modified connection between the top rail 3 and the top end of post 1, which is devoid of a. pivotal connection.
  • a cross over cap 18 fitted to post I by sleeve1'9 and which has a top extension 17 ofreduced width fitted closely between the central flanges 3 of rail 3, and having rounded shoulders on which said central flanges; 3 rest for rocking movement in the top rail 3 through a wide. range of angular positions relative to spindle 5.
  • Figure 12 shows a post base or floor flange llh having a vertical extension 1g of tubular construction which telescopically fits into the bottom portion of the tubular post 1.
  • Figure 13 shows a detachable post cap 7 having opposite, downwardly extending fianges 7a which telescope into the open top portion of post 1.
  • post caps or bases of other designs or ornamentation may be interchangeably fitted into the top and bottom openings of the posts 1 and 2.
  • the length of the railing may be varied by providing different lengths of top and bottom rails, or by adding a number of modular units, end to end.
  • the railing, when used alongside steps, may be automatically adjusted or pivotally moved to correspond to any slopeof steps. The only variable will be the length.
  • certain railing sections such as shown in Fig.1 may be used around the perimeter While others may be inclined, as shown in Fig. 2, and used as stair railings, thus providing an amazing degree of flexibility of use.
  • I have provided an efficient, knockdown railing of any suitable material, preferably of extruded aluminum, which may be easily and quickly assembled by an unskilled person, such as the average home owner, and built up into selective lengths and inclined to selective angles for use around porches, patios and the like and as a stair rail; furthermore I have provided a railing comprising a minimum ntunber of relatively simple and inexpensive parts which are extremely light, yet which provide an exceedingly strong railing having relatively long life, also which is extremely attractive and pleasing to the eye; furthermore I have provided a metal railing having end pivotal connections for the top and bottom rails which avoid the necessity of cutting the ends at an angle, and which provides a finished and grace ful appearance. 7
  • An adjustable pitch railing structure comprising a pair of vertical end posts, longitudinally extending top and bottom rails of extruded metal extending between said posts, a plurality of parallel, vertical spindles extending between said rails, the top ends of said spindles being spaced from the bottom surface of said top rail adapted for relative tilting movement, said top rail having down wardly extending, longitudinal flanges abutting opposite sides of the topend portions of said spindles, said top rail having downwardly turned edge portions, said longitudinal flanges and abutting opposite sides of said top end portions having registering holes, a plurality of bolts extending through said registering holes and providing pivots for relative pivotal movement of said top rail and spindles, said bottom rail comprising two separate, spaced, extruded rail sections of angular cross section abutting opposite sides ofthev bottom portions of said spindles and being pivotally connected thereto, end brackets secured to top and bottom portions of said end posts, and pivotal means for pivotally connecting the ends of said top

Description

H. M. HELT 2,870,996
KNOCKDOWN ADJUSTABLE RAILING Jan. 27, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 6, 1957 5 INVENTOR.
MqfiazMHelt.
Jan.27, 1959 H. M. HELT 2,870,996
KNOCKDOWN ADJUSTABLE RAILING Filed June 6, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent KNOCKDOWN ADJUSTABLE RAJLING Herbert M. Helt, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to National Aluminum Products Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Application June 6, 1957, Serial No. 664,090
3 Claims. (Cl. 256-22) This invention relates to a railing and, more particularly, to an extruded, knockdown, metal railing which may be readily built up in selective lengths and automatically adjusted for any, slope of steps.
An outstanding disadvantage of conventional metal railings is that units of substantial size must be built or welded together at the factory and they must be made to order for particular jobs, thereby necessitating stocking of numerous lengths of railing and railing of various slopes or angularities to suit different installations. This not only requires a considerable inventory or stock of widely different railing units but poses a shipping and transportation problem because of the large sizes of these units, thus results in high manufacturing cost.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel metal railing which is devoid of the above named disadvantages and which may be built from simple and inexpensive, knockdown elements of relatively small size and weight, and which may be very easily and quickly assembled by an unskilled person at the building site, such as a home owner.
Another object of the invention is to provide an extruded aluminum railing having pivotally connected parts of inexpensive construction which allow adjustability in the angle of inclination of the railing so as to adapt the railing for use alongside steps of different slopes.
A further object of the invention is to provide a railing which may be built up from a minimum number of standard parts, some of which are interchangeable, and including modular sections, whereby a railing of variable length and slope may be easily and quickly put together at the home site. 1
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from a study of the following specification taken with the accompanying drawings wherein;
Figure l is a side elevational view of a railing embodying the present invention, such as used on horizontal sur faces including sidewalks, patios etc.
Figure 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the railing of Fig. 1 after it has been pivotally moved to the inclined position for use as a stair railing.
Figure 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of Fig. 1
Figure 4 is a top view of the end knob shown at the upper left hand corner of Fig. 1
Figure 5 is an enlarged, elevational view of the end knob shown in Fig. 4
Figure 6 is a vertical, cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of Fig. 4
Figure 7 is an enlarged, elevational view of the rail end bracket 1a shown in Fig. 1
Figure 8 is an enlarged, fragmentary, exploded view, in elevation, showing the telescoping parts at the upper left hand corner of Figs. 1 and 2 Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view of the top rail, showing its pivotal connection to the top end of a spindle 5.
Figure 10 is a similar view of the bottom rail, showing its pivotal connection to the bottom end of a spindle 5.
Figure 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of a cross-over cap interfitting the top rail.
Figure 12 is an elevational view of the detachable post base or floor flange, and
Figure 13 is an enlarged, perspective view showing the detachable post cap 7.
Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, numerals 1 and 2 denote vertically extending posts, preferably of hollow tubular construction and extruded metal, such as aluminum. Adjacent the top and bottom portions of posts 1 and 2 are mounted, by means of machine screws or other suitable fastening means, rail end brackets la, 1b, 2a and 2b. As shown more clearly in Fig. 7, rail end bracket 1a is provided with a flange 1d, at right angles to its bottom portion, which has a hole lie to provide a pivotal connection with end knob 3a, shown more clearly in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Flange id is fitted into a central, vertical groove 3c (see Fig. 6) in the end knob. A binding bolt 6. is inserted through holes 1e and 8 to provide a pivotal connection, whereby the end knob may be adjustably pivoted relative to the end bracket to enable adjustment of the slope or inclination of the railing to match different slopes of steps.
End knob 3a, which is of gracefully curved formation, is provided with a flange or extension 3b which is telescopically fitted between the vertically downwardly extending flanges 3b of top rail 3 and is lower in height than the top portion of the knob by the thickness of the top rail, wherebythe top surfaces of knob 3a and rail 3 will be flush when the parts are telescoped together so as to provide an apparently continuous element. A similar end knob is provided at the opposite end of the top rail 3.
Figure 8 shows the telescoping parts of the top rail in the separated position.
A plurality of vertically extending tubular spindles 5 are provided in spaced, parallel relationship, the top ends of which are pivotally connected to the top rail 3 as shown in Fig. 9 and the bottom ends of which are pivotally connected to the bottom rail 4, the latter comprising rail sections 4a and 4b, as shown more clearly in Fig. 10. Thus there is provided a parallelogram linkage which enables the rail to be adjustably inclined from the horizontal position shown in Fig. 1, to that shown in Fig. 2, or to positions of lesser or greater angularity than that shown in Fig. 2. This enables the same railing shown in Fig. 1 to be used on steps of any slope or inclination. It also permits further collapsing of the railing to facilitate packing and shipping in relatively small cartons. Of course, the parts can be completely disassembled so as to fit into an even smaller carton, thus further facilitating packing and shipping.
For horizontal railing sections, end knobs 3a etc. may be omitted and the ends of the top and bottom rails may be bolted to the brackets 1a, 1b etc.
As shown more clearly in Figs. 9 and 10, the top rail 3 comprises an extruded aluminum section having downwardly extending end flanges which conceal the pivotal joints, when viewed from above, and add ornamentation as well as strength and which terminate in inward extending beads 3d. A binding bolt 6 is extended through registering holes formed in the central, downwardly extending flanges 3 of the top rail and through opposite sides of spindle 5, so as to pivotally connect, in an adjustable manner, the top rail and the various spindles 5. Similar pivotal connections are provided at the tops of the remaining spindles 5.
As shown more clearly in Fig. 10, the bottom rail 4 is made upof two horizontally spaced sections 4a and 4b of angular cross-section, having outwardly extending and flanges which conceal bolts 6, and having downwardly extending inner. flanges provided with registering holes through which a pivotal binding bolt 6 extends, also through registering holes in opposite sides of the bottom portion of spindle 5. Thus. the bottom rail 4 may be adjustably pivoted to any desired angle with respect to spindles 5, the; latter always remaining vertical.
Fig. 11 shows a modified connection between the top rail 3 and the top end of post 1, which is devoid of a. pivotal connection. Between the top rail 3 and the top end of post, 1, there is provided a cross over cap 18 fitted to post I by sleeve1'9 and which has a top extension 17 ofreduced width fitted closely between the central flanges 3 of rail 3, and having rounded shoulders on which said central flanges; 3 rest for rocking movement in the top rail 3 through a wide. range of angular positions relative to spindle 5.
Figure 12 shows a post base or floor flange llh having a vertical extension 1g of tubular construction which telescopically fits into the bottom portion of the tubular post 1.
Figure 13 shows a detachable post cap 7 having opposite, downwardly extending fianges 7a which telescope into the open top portion of post 1. Thus post caps or bases of other designs or ornamentation may be interchangeably fitted into the top and bottom openings of the posts 1 and 2.
It will be noted that the length of the railing may be varied by providing different lengths of top and bottom rails, or by adding a number of modular units, end to end. Also the railing, when used alongside steps, may be automatically adjusted or pivotally moved to correspond to any slopeof steps. The only variable will be the length. On porches, patios and the like, certain railing sections such as shown in Fig.1 may be used around the perimeter While others may be inclined, as shown in Fig. 2, and used as stair railings, thus providing an amazing degree of flexibility of use.
Thus it will be seen that I have provided an efficient, knockdown railing of any suitable material, preferably of extruded aluminum, which may be easily and quickly assembled by an unskilled person, such as the average home owner, and built up into selective lengths and inclined to selective angles for use around porches, patios and the like and as a stair rail; furthermore I have provided a railing comprising a minimum ntunber of relatively simple and inexpensive parts which are extremely light, yet which provide an exceedingly strong railing having relatively long life, also which is extremely attractive and pleasing to the eye; furthermore I have provided a metal railing having end pivotal connections for the top and bottom rails which avoid the necessity of cutting the ends at an angle, and which provides a finished and grace ful appearance. 7
While I have illustrated and described a single specific embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that this is by way of illustration only, and that various changes and modifications may be made within the contemplation of my invention and. within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. An adjustable pitch railing structure comprising a pair of vertical end posts, longitudinally extending top and bottom rails of extruded metal extending between said posts, a plurality of parallel, vertical spindles extending between said rails, the top ends of said spindles being spaced from the bottom surface of said top rail adapted for relative tilting movement, said top rail having down wardly extending, longitudinal flanges abutting opposite sides of the topend portions of said spindles, said top rail having downwardly turned edge portions, said longitudinal flanges and abutting opposite sides of said top end portions having registering holes, a plurality of bolts extending through said registering holes and providing pivots for relative pivotal movement of said top rail and spindles, said bottom rail comprising two separate, spaced, extruded rail sections of angular cross section abutting opposite sides ofthev bottom portions of said spindles and being pivotally connected thereto, end brackets secured to top and bottom portions of said end posts, and pivotal means for pivotally connecting the ends of said top and bottom rails to said brackets, whereby said top and bottom rails, end posts and. spindles provide a pivotally movable parallelogram linkage so as to enable selective adjustment of the, pitch of said railing structure.
2. A railing structure as recited in claim 1. wherein said pivotal means includes end portions telescopically fitted into the end openings of said top and bottom rails.
3. A railing structure as recited in claim 1 wherein said vertical end posts are tubular and of rectangular cross section and include removable caps having parallel,
downwardly extendingflanges slip-fitted inside the top portion of said end posts.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,956,767 Kibler May 1', 1934 2,431,546 Edwards Nov. 25, 1947 2,558,142 Lapp et al June 26, 1951 2,687,283 Enghauser Aug. 24, 1954 2,715,513 Kools Aug. 16, 1955 2,754,092 Cremens July 10, 1956 V FOREIGN PATENTS 84,849 Sweden Nov. 12, 1935
US664090A 1957-06-06 1957-06-06 Knockdown adjustable railing Expired - Lifetime US2870996A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3067985A (en) * 1961-03-29 1962-12-11 Westmoreland Metal Mfg Co Picket fence
US3258251A (en) * 1964-10-12 1966-06-28 Culter Norman Knockdown adjustable railing construction
US3349532A (en) * 1961-01-19 1967-10-31 Harold S Dudoff Partition-forming assemblies and components
US3414236A (en) * 1966-08-18 1968-12-03 Kenron Aluminum & Glass Corp Hand rail
US3481585A (en) * 1968-04-19 1969-12-02 Frank L Kessler Rapid assembly railing
JPS4711523U (en) * 1971-02-27 1972-10-11
USD243093S (en) * 1975-08-21 1977-01-18 Reynolds Robert L Handrail for vehicles
US5820111A (en) * 1996-11-05 1998-10-13 Ross; Nancy A. Modular stairway and balcony railing system
US5913508A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-06-22 Sure Step Gaurdrail Assembly, L. P. Multipurpose reusable safety rail assembly
US5971365A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-10-26 Pigott; Patrick C. Fence construction
US6029954A (en) * 1997-03-18 2000-02-29 Murdaca; Domenico Railing assembly
US6059269A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-05-09 Ross; Nancy A. Modular stairway and balcony railing system
US20040245515A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-09 Haim Perry Tamper resistant fence
US20060284154A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Gary Sprague Component railing system and method of installation
US20080075530A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Bollard with connecting mechanisms for connecting railings
US8382070B1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-02-26 Edward L. Gibbs Barrier system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1956767A (en) * 1932-06-08 1934-05-01 Buffalo Steel Company Picket fence and gate
US2431546A (en) * 1945-09-07 1947-11-25 John T Edwards Metallic railing construction
US2558142A (en) * 1947-01-21 1951-06-26 William A Lapp Iron railing
US2687283A (en) * 1953-09-02 1954-08-24 Winford L Enghauser Interchangeable fence and guard rail section
US2715513A (en) * 1953-04-17 1955-08-16 Kools Brothers Inc Adjustable railing section
US2754092A (en) * 1950-02-25 1956-07-10 Leroy W Cremens Metallic hand railing

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1956767A (en) * 1932-06-08 1934-05-01 Buffalo Steel Company Picket fence and gate
US2431546A (en) * 1945-09-07 1947-11-25 John T Edwards Metallic railing construction
US2558142A (en) * 1947-01-21 1951-06-26 William A Lapp Iron railing
US2754092A (en) * 1950-02-25 1956-07-10 Leroy W Cremens Metallic hand railing
US2715513A (en) * 1953-04-17 1955-08-16 Kools Brothers Inc Adjustable railing section
US2687283A (en) * 1953-09-02 1954-08-24 Winford L Enghauser Interchangeable fence and guard rail section

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3349532A (en) * 1961-01-19 1967-10-31 Harold S Dudoff Partition-forming assemblies and components
US3067985A (en) * 1961-03-29 1962-12-11 Westmoreland Metal Mfg Co Picket fence
US3258251A (en) * 1964-10-12 1966-06-28 Culter Norman Knockdown adjustable railing construction
US3414236A (en) * 1966-08-18 1968-12-03 Kenron Aluminum & Glass Corp Hand rail
US3481585A (en) * 1968-04-19 1969-12-02 Frank L Kessler Rapid assembly railing
JPS4711523U (en) * 1971-02-27 1972-10-11
JPS5137296Y2 (en) * 1971-02-27 1976-09-13
USD243093S (en) * 1975-08-21 1977-01-18 Reynolds Robert L Handrail for vehicles
US6059269A (en) * 1996-11-05 2000-05-09 Ross; Nancy A. Modular stairway and balcony railing system
US5820111A (en) * 1996-11-05 1998-10-13 Ross; Nancy A. Modular stairway and balcony railing system
US6029954A (en) * 1997-03-18 2000-02-29 Murdaca; Domenico Railing assembly
US5913508A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-06-22 Sure Step Gaurdrail Assembly, L. P. Multipurpose reusable safety rail assembly
US5971365A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-10-26 Pigott; Patrick C. Fence construction
US20040245515A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-09 Haim Perry Tamper resistant fence
US6863265B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-03-08 Safeguards Technology, Inc. Tamper resistant fence
US20060284154A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 Gary Sprague Component railing system and method of installation
US8944414B2 (en) * 2005-06-16 2015-02-03 C.R. Laurence Company, Inc. Component railing system and method of installation
US20080075530A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Bollard with connecting mechanisms for connecting railings
US7722283B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2010-05-25 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Bollard with connecting mechanisms for connecting railings
US8382070B1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-02-26 Edward L. Gibbs Barrier system
US8720866B1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2014-05-13 Ameristar Perimeter Security Usa Inc. Barrier system

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