US285924A - Water-closet and similar receptacles - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

J. P. PUTNAM.

WATER CLOSET AND SIMILAR REGEPTAGLE. No. 285,924. Patented Oct. 2, 1883.

Wm??? I Inventor: 2% 77.1. AZ

N. PETERS. Pmwuma m. Washmgmn. D. c.

UNITED STATES tries PATENT WATER-CLOSET AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES.

eIPECIFICA'IION forming part of Letters Patent. No. 285,924, dated October 2, 1883.

Application filed January 12,1883. (No model.)

To ILZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN PIOKERING Per NAM, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in ater-Closets, Slop-Sinks, and Similar Receptacles, of which the following is a specification.

One part of the invention consistsin the employment, with the basin of a WilIOPOlOSOtor similar receptacle, of a bent pipe or passageway for flushingwater, one arm of which enters the basin at any required place to deliver the flushing-water, while the bend in thepipe or passageway is so far below the delivery end as to be normally full of water; and a dis tinct feature of this portion of the invention consists in narrowing the said bent pipe or passage-way at some place below or near the normal water-level therein in such manner that the flushing-water will rise noiselessly in the delivery-arm.

Another part of the invention consists in a basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle,

provided with an inlet for upper flushing and an inlet for lower flushing, both opening out of a single main inlet, whereby but one joint or connection is required to join the closet or similar receptacle with the source of watersupply.

Another part of the invention relates to the breaking up, under water, of the lower flushing-stream of a water-closet or similar receptacle into several minute streams to increase the force or effectiveness of the flushing. In the construction shown. the wall of the basin becomes a portion of one of the walls of the passage way for introducing the flushingstream, and contains several small holes to break up the flushing-stream under the waterlevel, and extend, as it were, its field of force in driving from the trap the water already there, and whatever else the trap may 0011- tain; but although this detail of construction forms one of the subordinate features of the invention, and is the subject-matter of one or more of the claims, the main object of this branch of the invention could be accomplished without departing from the invention by inserting in the wall of the trap, below the water-level, the end of a supply-pipe with a rose nozzle thereon. A stream acting upon a body of water to force it from the vessel in which it is held will be much more effective when broken within the body of water than when broken before reaching it. In the latter case each small stream loses part of its force through the resistance of the air, while there is no such loss when the stream is broken up under the water, and the force may be distributed to the greatest advantage, and when, as in the apparatus shown, the area of a crosssection of the supply-pipe is larger than the aggregate area of the openings in the said wall, or in the rose-nozzle to be substituted therefor, each opening becomes, as it were, independent of the others, and has substantially the same force it would have if it were the only outlet of a large head of water. The advantage accompanying the breaking up of a large flushing-stream into several smallstrcams lies in the fact that the reservoir from which the large. supply-pipe takes its water may be'placed at a much lower level than when a pipe is used whose area in crosssection does not exceed or but little exceeds the area of its outlet or the combined area of upper flushin g, also, independent of any means.

for the lower flushing, or any connection therewith, the passage-ways, or the delivery-arm of the supply-pipe, is, as it were, an intervenin g water-chamber between the main portion of the supply-pipe and the basin, and since this intervening chamber is normally filled with water to above its connection with the main portion of the supply pipe, and is adapted to hold a body of water sufficient to check the direct flow of the flushing-stream before overflowing, thereby preventing noise, a fresh supply of water for the upper flushing will rise slowly and noiselessly therein, as hereinafter described.

Other parts of the invention relate to details of construction.

In the drawings I have represented my improvements as applied to a water-closet adapted to be sealed by water. As will hereinafter appear, thedip of the bent passage-way, before mentioned, is below the level of the seal, while a wall of the basin proper is made to serve as a portion of the wall of said passageway, and perforations therein admit water into the basin and trap from the lower part of the passage-way below the level of the seal and independent of the water entering the basin above the seal from the delivery-arm of the said passage-way.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of so much of an apparatus pertaining to a water-closet as is sufficient to illustratemy improvements. Fig.

2 is a plan of the same on line a: m of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is avertical section on linexw of 1.

A is an outer shell or casting, open at the top, as shown, for the reception of the basin proper, as will hereinafter appear, and having two hollow arms, one, a, being adapted to receive the water-supply pipe B and forming a part of the inlet passage-way, while the other,

a, forms a port-ion of the trap and outletpassagexvay, and is adapted to receive the outletpipe 0, communicating with the sewer. Near the top of the casting A, on the inner side, is a ledge, Z, to form thebottom of a water way or trough, as will hereinafter appear.

D is a hollow glass tube inserted in the hollow arm a, as a lining thereof, from the inside of the shell or casting A. The tubeD may be of clear glass and the arm a have an opening,

as shown in dotted lines, to form a window for the observation of the contents of the tube; but this fornrof construction, although set forth in one of the claims as a subdivision of my invention, is not essential in carrying out the main features of my invention.

E is the basin proper, its neck passing through a hole in a corresponding neck or contraction of the outer shell, A, and making a tight joint with the tube D at b, as shown. This joint is without the line of vision from the top of the basin, in order that it may not appear that the basin andv tube are of different materials whensuch is the case, and also that the cement or other material forming the joint may not be seen. As is obvious, the neck of the basin E and the hollow arm a form a trap. V

The flaring portion of the basin E rests upon the inner surface of the shell A for the most part, and is made watertight therewith; but just above the entrance of the passage-way a a space, 0, is leftbetween the basin E and shell A, to form a continuation of the passage-way for the flushing-water. The ledge Z is so cut away as not to interfere with the passageway c, and the upper edge of the basin E extendsabove the ledge Z, as shown. A considerable portion of the passage-way 0 thus formed by the walls of the basin E and shell A lies below the water-level or the level of the seal, which is determined by the lower edge of the hollow arm a, and a cross-section of the passage-way c, at some place below this waterlevel, should be narrower than any cross-sec- \tion of the inlet-passage a, in order that water rising in the passageway 0 may do so noiselessly; In the apparatus shownthe narrowest part of the passage-way is at its mouth at, communicating with the main passage-way a, and in this month is placed a valve, 21, to regulate the flow of water from the passage (1. into the passage 0. The two passageways a and c, with a portion of the supply-pipe 13, form together the bent passage-way mentioned in the statement of the invention, and may be regarded as a U-shaped pipe or passage-way having its curve or dip below the level of the mouth of its delivery-arm.

F is a flushing-rim, its lower edge being within and just below the upper edge of the basin E, and a flange at its upper edge or surface resting upon a flange, at, at the upper edge or rim of the shell A.

The operation of that part of the invention thus far described and independent of means for throwing water directly into the basin or trap below thelevel of the seal is as follows: Let the bent portion of the U-shaped passageway be normally full of water to above the level of the mouth in or narrow place. Vhen a further supply is admitted in any suitable manner through the pipe B, it will rise slowly in the passageway 0 until it comes to the level of the ledge I. Then, continuing to rise slowly in the passage-way c, it will fill the circular passage way or trough (marked 0) which is formed by the ledge Z, the upper portion of the basin E, and the upper portion of the shell A, until it flows over the upper edge. of the basin E, around its entire circumference. The greater the holding capacity of the passage-way c or of the trough c, or of both together, the more slowly and noiselessly will the water rise, as aforesaid.

It is obvious that when the supply of fresh water is cut off in the pipe B the trough 0' will remain full of water, and so, also, the passage way 0, unless means are supplied for drawing off the water. The manner and the purpose for which this is done will hereinafter be explained in connection with the description of the combination referred to in the statement of the invention; but it is proper to here observe that the water so remaining may be utilized for maintaining the seal of basin independent of water introduced directly into the basin and trap. It will be observed that the square form of the casting A-increases the capacity of the trough 0, since the ledge lextends into the corners of the casting.

the wall of the basin E a portion of the water entering through the passage a may be thrown directly into the lower portion of the trap or tube to operate upon and remove the contents thereof through thedischarge-pipe C, while a portion rises in the passage-way c, as before set forth; but for this purpose I have made in end of the tube D, a number of holes, 8 s, the combined area of which, however, is consider- It is obvious that by cutting a hole through the basin E, substantially opposite the lower IIO ably smaller than the area of a cross-section of the entrance-pipeB; and it may be added that the diameter of the holes 8 s is less than the thickness of the basin E. Each hole thus serves as a small pipe or nozzle, and may be made to throw its stream into the trap in any required and independent direction, and with increased force. To avoid having the basin of the thickness throughout necessary to give the holes the proper length, I thicken the basin where they are to be made. This is easily done when making the basin of iron. It being somewhat diiflcult to make proper holes in the basin when the latter is of glass, I cause a glass basin to be blown with small sen1iglobular projections g at the lower portion of the neck, and then make a hole 3 in any required direction in each thickened portion of the ill glass. These holes may be conveniently made wholly or in part by punching them through the glass in its heated or soft state.

In the operation of the full or ent-ire apparatus shown, when a fresh supply of water dcscends through the supply-pipe B a portion of it, including some of the water already in the passage-way a, will pass with great force through the holes 8, to overcome the inertia of the contents of the trap, acting against such contents and the walls of the trap in several directions, though mainly in a direction toward the overflow end of the trap, while water will also rise slowly and noiselessly in the passageway c, to flush the upper portions of the basin E, as already described. It is obvious that the passage-way c and the trough opening out of it serve as a retarding-chamber, so that, although the water forboth flushings is let on at the same time, the upper-flushing water does not flow over the upper edge of the basin until the level of the water in the basin has been substantially lowered. When the fresh supply of water is cut off from the pipe B, suflicient of the water left standing in the reservoir formed by the passage-ways c and a will fall back through the passageway c and pass through the holes 8 s, to restore the water-seal of the basin and trap; and if the said reservoir is made of suifleient capacity, the tendency of the water therein to fall back will at all times keep the level of the water in the trap above the perforations s, so that the fresh water passing through these holes will do so with little noise.

The shape of the basin E is of considerable importance. It will be observed that the walls of the basin, near the top, are substantially perpendicular and that immediately below the perpendicular portion they take in cross-section the shape substantially of an ogee curve, as shown at it, so that water flowing down the perpendicular walls will turn at if, still fol lowing the wall, but will be thrown off at i, so as to strike at about the center t of the neck of the basin. This prevents the eddying of water in the neck, and insures the immediate and certain discharge of matters floating in the water; and if the neck of the basin be at all times full of water, as mentioned above, there will be but little noise from either the upper or the lower flushing.

Although I describe and claim, as subordinate parts of my invention, certain features of construction, it is obvious that the exact form of construction shown and described is not essential to the embodiment of the more important features of my invention in apracticallyworking water-closet, urinal, wash-basin, slopsink, or similar receptacle, it only being necessary for this that water-ways shall be provided substantially as described. For instance, a wash-out basin for a water-closet, provided with a U-shaped passage-way to carry,

water to the top, and having perforations in the wall of the trap, substantially as shown and described in another application for a patent to be filed herewith, is within my present invention. So, also, it is not essential that the shell A shall be cast in one piece; and without departing from the present invention in its more important features, the basin proper may be cast in one piece with more or less of the said shell. So, too, when the arm a is cast without the opening 10, the glass lining I) may be omitted. In this case the neck of the basin E should make a water-tight connection with a flange or shoulder in the arm a beyond the line of vision from the top of the basin. Either form of construction permits the basin E to be made of glass or similar material with out showing any seam therein.

It will be observed that the passage-way 0 opens into the passage-way (1. at a level above the dip of the trap shown at d and below the overflowof'the trap shown at (1. order that the closet shown may be self-sealing when used with an air-tight supply-pipe substantially as described in other pending applications filed by me.

I claim 1. A basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle, provided with a U-shaped supplypipe or passage-way, one arm of which forms the delivery-arm and enters the basin above the level of the dip or bend in the said pipe or passage-way, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of a basin for a watercloset or similar receptacle with an outer shell providedwith aninletpassage-wayforfiushingwater, said passageway branching within the outer shell and communicating with the upper and lower parts of said basin, substantially as described.

3. A basin for a water-closet or similar rcceptacle, provided with a supply-pipe or passage-way which is bent orcurvedin such manner as to be capable of holding water in the bend, and is narrowed below or near the wa-' ter-closet or similar receptacle, of a U-shaped supply-pipe or passage-way, the delivery-arm of which enters the said basin above the wa- ICO This is in ter-level of the dip or bend in said pipe or passage-way, and the said pipe or passage-way containing a valve below or near said level, substantially as described. a

5. A trapped basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle, provided with a bent supply-pipe or passage-way whose delivery-arm is connected with the said basin both above and below the level of the seal, and has a holding capacity below the level of the said upper connection and above the level of the seal, substantially as described, andfor the purpose specified.

6. The combination, with the basin and supply-pipe or passage-way of a water-closet or similar receptacle, of an intervening passage-way or chamber adapted to hold water normally to above the entrance therein of said supply-pipe, sufficient to check the direct, flow of the flushing stream before overflowing, substantially as described.

7. A basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle, provided with an inlet for an'upper and an inlet for a lower flushing, the inlet for the upper flushing having an enlargement or retarding-chamber, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the basin of a ter-closet or similar receptacle, provided with a trap, of a passageway for a flushing-stream, whose inlet end communicates with the said trap below the water-level, and is provided with small holes, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with the basin of a water-closet or similar receptacle, provided with a trap, of a passage-way for a flushingstream,whose inlet end communicates with the said trap, near the bottom thereof and below the water-level, in a general direction toward the overflow, and is provided with small holes, the aggregate area of which is less than that of a cross-section of said passage-way,

V substantially as described.

in a portion of the wall separating the interior of said basin from said pipe or passage-way,

the combined area of said perforations being substantially less than the area of a cross-section of said pipe or passageway, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with a supply-pipe or passage-way, of a basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle, which has a portion of the wall separating its interior from said supplypine or passage-way thickened and provided with holes, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

13. The combination, with a basin for a water-closet or similar receptacle, provided with a fiushingrim and a passage-way around the upper portion of the basin, beneath the flushing-rim, of a ventilating-pipe entering said.

passageway under the flushing-rim, substantially as described.

14. The combination of the shell A and basin E with tube D, the said basin and the said tube so united that the joint 1) between them 'is without the line of vision from the top of said basin, substantially as described.

15. The combination, with the shell A, provided with the hollow arm or passage-way a, of the basin E in such manner as to form the passage-way a, substantially as described.

16. The combination, with the outer shell, A, provided with the arm a, of the basin E, formed in one piece, audits neck or narrowed portion terminating within the arm a beyond the line or"- vision from the top of the basin, substantially as described.

17. The combination, with an outer shell or casing provided with inlet and outlet passageways forming a trap, of a basin for a watercloset or similar receptacle, whereby a passage-way is formed between said shell and said basin for an upper flushing, said last-men tioned passage-way communicating with said trap below the level of the overflow, and the bottom of said basin opening into said trap, substantially as described. 7

JOHN PIOKERING PUTNAM. Witnesses:

XV. XV. SWAN, WM. S. ROGERS.

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