US2858777A - Dutch lap shingling - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 4, 1958 C. C. SCHUETZ DUTCH LAP SHINGLING s sheets-sheet 1 Filed Deo. 8. 1955 IW-WWW MIIWIIIIHHIN lump IN V EN TOR.

Nov. 4, 1958 c. cqscl-IUETZ 2,853,777

DUTCH LAP SHINGLING Filed Dec. 8. 1955 y s sheets-sheet z lllklllH-FI,

NOV- 4, 1958 c. c. scHUl-:Tz

DUTCH LAP SHINGLING 3 'Sheets-Sheet Filed Deo. 8. 1955 im Immun NVENTOR. I l Jeae DUTCH LAP srmsGLING Clyde C. Schuetz, Prospect Heights, Ill., assigner to United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application December 8, 1955, Serial No. 551,841

5 Claims. (Cl. 10S-9) This invention relates to improved Dutch lap shingling, and it is an object of the invention to provide improved shingling of that type.

Where Dutch lap shingling is employed, there is a horizontal displacement of successive rows of shingling with respect to the last preceding row, and this displacement is increased where the shingles are offset (the upper edge being horizontally oiset with respect to the lower edge), all as described in detail below. Differing amounts of shingles must, therefore, be cut off at the starting edge of the wall, or roof, to which they are applied. In present practice, the amount which must be cut off is uncontrolled, with the result that the portion of a shingle which is cut off in starting any given row must be further trimmed before it can be used to start another row of shingling. This involves additional labor and results in a waste of material.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutch lap shingling.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutch lap shingling in which that portion of a shingle which is cut off in starting one row is of the exact dimensions required to start another closely adjacent row.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutch lap shingling which eliminates waste of material in starting successive rows and which reduces the cutting of shingles to a minimum.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved offset Dutch lap shingling, bearing indicia for the amount of side lap, which eliminates waste of material in starting successive rows and which reduces the trimming of shingles to a minimum.

This invention together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference t the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings in which like parts are designated by like reference numerals,

Figure 1 is an elevational view of offset Dutch Iap shingling applied to a vertical wall and illustrating one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. l; v

Fig. 4 is a face view of an individual piece of shingling employed in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. l;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. l but illustrating another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a face view of an individual piece of shingling employed in the embodiment of Fig. S;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figs. l and 5 but showing still another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 8 is a face View of an individual piece of shingling employed in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 7; and

Patent() ICC Figs. 9-14 are views like Figs. 5 and 6 employing shingling of similar basic form but illustrating different embodiments of the invention.

The present invention is applicable to Dutch lap shine gling, which may best be defined with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, individual pieces of shingling S are shown applied to a vertical wall in Dutch lap. In this particular arrangement the right-hand edge of a shingle S-l is overlaid by the left-hand edge of a shingle S-Z. The upper edge of the shingle S-1 is overlaid by the lower edge of a shingle S-3, and the lower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingle S-3 butts against the upper portion of the left-hand edge of the shingle S-Z. A fourth shingle S-4 overlies the right-hand edge of the shingle S43. The lower portion of the shingle S-4 overlies the upper edge of the shingle S-2, and, further,over lies the joint between the shingles S-1, S-2 and S-3. The lower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingle S-4 is butted against the upper portion of the left-hand edge of the shingle next adjacent the shingle S-2.

Nails 20 or other fasteners may be driven through the head lap or side lap shingle portions into the base before overlapping shingles are applied, and accordingly are concealed. Staples, clips or storm anchors may, if desired, be applied to the exposed lower corner.

An important characteristic of Dutch lap is that the individual shingles of any one row are butted against -a shingle of the next preceding rowfor example, the lower portion of the right-hand edge of the shingle S-S is butted firmly against the upper portion of the left-hand edge of the shingle S-2, as described above. This is particularly important and advantageous when the shingles are rigid, as, for example, when asbestos cement shingles are employed, but is desirable in all cases. j

The cross-section of a Dutch lap joint is shown in Fig. 3. The shingles S-l and S-Z are shown in overlapping relationship. The shingle S-S is shown butted against the edge of the shingle S-2 and the shingle S-4 is shown overlying the resulting joint. It may now be seen that if the shingle S-3 does not butt against the shingle S-Z, but is spaced away, a tunnel is created, defined by the edges of the shingles S3 and S-Z and by the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the shingles S-4 and S-l. Such a tunnel would provide direct access for air from outside the shingling to the space underlying the shingling.

Because of this characteristic of Dutch lap shingling, the horizontal positioning of successive rows cannot be arbitrary but must be controlled by the preceding row. This predetermined horizontal spacing of successive rows results in waste of material and extra trimming of starter shingles where the present invention is not employed.

It has been found that an offset shingle has particular advantages in a Dutch lap shingle application. A typical offset shingle is illustrated in Fig. 4 wherein it is seen that the upper edge of the shingle is offset horizontally from the lower edge thereof by a total amount X. The general effect of this offset may be seen in Fig. l. Functionally, the principal advantage lies in the fact that the side lap joints have a downwardly directed component whereby there is less chance for seepage. It is believed, furthermore, that the use of offset shingles results in a more attractive appearance of the completed application.

In Dutch lap shingling which employs offset shingles such as illustrated in Figs. l and 4, each row is horizontally displaced with respect to the preceding row by an amount equal to the side lap plus a function of the offset.- This function will best be understood by reference to Fig. 4. The line A-A in that figure represents the line of the lower edge of the next succeeding row of shingles, the vertical distance from the line A-A to the top of the shingle being the head lap HL. The line B--B in `Fig. 4 represents the line lof the left-hand edge of the overlying next succeeding shingle to the right, the horizontal distance from the line B-B to the side of the Shingle `ibeing ithe side .lap SL. By reference to'Fi'g. l, lit 1wil-l be :seen that the shingle next above the one -illustrated in Fig. 4 will have its lower right-'hand -corner coincident with the Aintersection of the llines A-A and B-B. More particularly, the lower edge of the Ynext lshingle above will lie along the line A-A and its righthand edge will lie along the li-ne lB-'B since it fbutts against :the lnext succeeding shingle to the right of the llxstrated shingle. It may now be seen that the hori- Zonta-l displacement `of `successive rows of shingles resulting from the offset of the shingles is not the full value of X but equals an effective offset `O which is the Voffset ofthe shingle alongv only the exposed height thereof. Accordingly, the total horizontal displacement equals the effective offset plus the side lapv SL.

If desired, the preferred amount of head lap and side lap may be ydesignated by indicia lon the individual shingles to guide the workman making the installation. In Fig. 4 indicia in the form of small V-cuts are employed for this purpose. The indicia may, of course, be of any desired form.

yIf Vthe total length TL, the total offset X, the head lap HL, and the side lap SL are arbitrarily selected, the

partial shingles required for starting the successive rows at the left-hand rake of the roof or edge of the wall will be of odd lengths. The residue of each such partial shingle will then require retrimming before it can be used to start another row. There is accordingly a waste of material, and additional labor is required. On the other hand, if the various significant dimensions of individual shingles are predetermined in a certain manner, a shingle cut to provide a shingle portion for starting one row leaves a remaining portion of proper dimensions for starting another closely adjacent row.

In accordance with the present invention, the effective length EL is an integral multiple of the sum of the efffectve offset O and the side lap SL. It has been found that with this relationship existing, when a shingle is cut to start one row, the remaining portion of that shingle will be of the proper dimensions for starting another closely adjacent row.

As a first illustration of the effectiveness of the prescribed relationship, reference is again made to Fig. l. The partial shingle which starts the first row has a length SL at its uppermost edge. The partial shingle which starts the second row has a lower edge whose length is equal to the total length TL minus the side lap SL. Accordingly these two partial shingles may be obtained from a single shingle with one straight cut. That portion which is left over after using the partial shingle for starting the first row can be turned 18() degrees and be employed to start the second row. The third and fourth rows will be a repeat of the first and second rows since the pattern repeats itself after two rows. Accordingly, it is seen that where the relationship defined above is employed, the starter shingles for two closely adjacent rows may be obtained with a single cut and without waste of material.

Referring now to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, it will be seen that the individual shingles are formed with upper and lower edges which are equal in length, straight, parallel, and longitudinally displaced with respect to each other. The side edges have straight end portions which are per- -pendicular to the upper and lower edges and have an interconnecting portion which, in this instance, is a straight line and necessarily oblique because of the longitudinal displacement of the upper and lower edges with respect to each other.

' Again, the head lap is indicated by the line A-A, which passes through the bends in the side edges. The Side lap SL is designated by the line B-B. It should 4 -be Anoted that -in this instance -the ytotal offset designated X in Fig. 4 is equal to the effective offset O, since there is no further offset above the line A-A. Expressed differently, the entire offset occurs along the exposed height of the shingle as applied.

The shingle of Fig. 6 is employed in the application illustrated in Fig. 5 in much the same manner as the shingle of Fig. 4 is employed in the application of Fig. 1. The effective length is equal to two times the sum of the effective offset O and the side lap SL (the multiple again being 2). Accordingly, a single shingle will provide partial starter shingles for two successive rows with 4a single cut and with no waste material. With this particular embodiment, the sharp bend near the upper end of the side edges (along the line A-A) provides an inherent index for head lap. Some form of indicia may also be employed to designate the proper amount o`f side lap.

The embodiment of the invention in Figs. 7 and L8 is similar to that of Figs. 5 and 6. The upper vand lower edges are identical to those of Fig. 6 and the side edges have substantially straight end portions which are perpendicular to the top and bottom edges, but these are interconnected by smoothly curved portions. In this embodiment of the invention, the effective length EL is again equal to two times the sum of the yeffective offset O and the side lap SL, with like results as to use of partial starting shingles.

Figs. 9 vand 10 show a variation of the shingle lemployed in Figs. 5 and 6. The sole difference lies in the vfact that in this instance the effective length is equal to the sum of the effective offset and the side lap (the multiplier being 1).

In this embodiment, the horizontal displacement of successive rows is equal to the effective length of the shingles whereby each row is a repetition of the succeeding row. The partial shingle which starts the first row has an upper edge whose length is equal to the side lap. The partial Vshingle for starting the second row has a lower edge equal to the total length minus the side lap. Accordingly, the two pieces are complementary and, in fact, are identical.

Figs. l1 and 12 show a shingle application employing shingles much like those of Figs. 5 and 6 but in which the effective length EL is four times the sum of the effective oiset O and the side lap SL (the multiplier being 4). Accordingly, there is a repetition of rows after every fourth row.

As in all previous embodiments, the partial shingle for the first row of shingles has an upper edge whose length is equal to the side lap SL, and the partial shingle for starting the second row has a lower edge equal to the total length minus the side lap SL. Accordingly, these two partial shingles are complementary and can be obtained from a single shingle with ya single cut. The partial lshingle for starting the third row has an upper edge equal to the total length TL minus two times the offset O and minus two times the side lap SL, as may be seen by noting these components as indicated in Fig. 1l. The bottom edge of the partial shingle starting the fourth row is equal to two times the effective offset O plus two times the side lap SL. Accordingly, the partial shingles for starting the third and fourth rows are complementary and may be obtained from a single shingle with a singlecut.

l Finally, the embodiment of the invention illustrated 1n Figs. 13 and 14 employs a shingle like that of Figs. Sand '6 but in which the effective length is equal to three times the sum of the effective offset and the side lap. In this embodiment the pattern repeats itself after every three rows. Again the partial shingle starting the first row has an upper edge of a length equal to the side lap SL, andthe partial shingle starting the second row has a lower edge equal to the total length minus the side lap SL. Accordingly, these two partial shingles may be obtained from a single shingle with a single cut. It will be seen that since the pattern repeats itself starting with the fourth row, the partial shingles for starting the fourth and fifth rows will be complementary. This leaves the partial shingle for starting the third row, which is not complementary to either of the immediately adjacent starter shingles. The shingle used for obtaining the starter shingle for the third row is in fact bisected such that the two portions are equal and identical. Accordingly, the remaining portion of this cut shingle may be employed to start the sixth row which will be identical to the third row.

It will be apparent now that when the elective length EL is an odd multiple of the sum of the effective olset O and the side lap SL, one starter shingle will be precisely a half shingle, and the remaining half can be saved until the pattern repeats itself. If the multiple is three or even five, these two partial shingles may be used intact within arms reach, whereby there is no problem in preserving the residual half shingle for subsequent use. In any ordinary use of Dutch lap shingles, the multiplier would be reasonably small (rarely six or more) whereby residual partial shingles are always usable after application of only a few additional rows.

lf the multiplier is an even number, all residual partial shingles are usable within each repetition of the pattern. lf the multiplier is six or more, the partial shingles are not usable in successive rows. Extrapolation of the illustrated embodiments of the invention will reveal that if the multiplier were, for example, eight, the first and second rows will employ complementary shingle portions, and the third and eighth, the fourth and seventh, and the lifth and sixth rows would employ complementary shingles. Where an oiset shingle is employed, the multiplier would not ordinarily reach such high values, but it will be seen that the relationship applies to matter how large the multiplier may be.

It has now been shown that offset shingles applied in Dutch lap pattern may be arranged to permit the obtaining of two partial starter shingles from a single shingle with a single cut by following a simple relationship between critical dimensions of the individual shingles. This is'accomplished if the effective length is made to equal an integral multiple of the sum of the effective offset and the side lap. Of these three dimensions or characteristics, the side lap is generally determined by practical considerations-namely, economy versus weatherproofing, and may, if desired, be designated by suitable indicia on the individual shingles. The effective olfset is equal to that portion of the total offset which appears along the exposed vertical height of the shingle, the exposed vertical height being equal to the total height minus the head lap, and the latter again being determined by practical considerations. The elective length is, of course,

equal to the total length minus the side lap, all as previously explained.

While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown, it will be understood, of course, that the inventio-n is not limited thereto since many modifications may be made, and it is, therefore, contemplated to cover by the appended claims any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention having thus been described, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. A Dutch-lap shingle application comprising a plurality of oifset shingles arranged in a plurality of subsiantially horizontal parallel overlapping courses; each shingle having a substantially equal effective offset; each course including a plurality of like shingles and a starter piece, all of said shingles in a course being arranged in side-by-side overlapping relation, the side overlap of said pieces and shingles being uniform throughout said application; the length of the exposed portion of the lower edge of each shingle being an integral multiple ofthe sum of the effective oset and side overlap thereof.

2. The application recited in claim 1, wherein a pair of complemental starter pieces are formed from one of said shingles and said complemental starter pieces are spaced not greater than five courses apart in said application.

3. The application recited in claim 1, wherein the number of residual complemental starter pieces does not exceed three at any given time during the laying of said application.

4. A Dutch-lap shingle application comprising a plurality of offset shingles arranged in a plurality of substantially horizontal parallel overlapping courses, each shingle having a substantially equal effective offset, the head overlap between adjacent courses being substantially uiform; each course including a plurality of like shingles and a starter piece, all of said shingles in a course being y arranged in side-by-side overlapping relation, the side overlap of said shingles in a course being substantially uniform; each shingle having elongated, substantially parallel upper and lower edges and side edges, each of the latter having an elongated central segment obliquely disposed relative to said upper and lower edges and end segments interconnected by said central segment and disposed substantially normal to said upper and lower edges; the lengths of the end segments of said side edges being substantially equal and corresponding to the amount of head overlap between successive courses; the length of the exposed portion of the lower edge of each shingle being an integral multiple of the sum of the eifective offset and side overlap thereof.

5. The application recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple is an integer of six or less.

Abraham Iune 7, 1932 Wickersham June 2, 1942

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