US2856434A - Ochjchz - Google Patents

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US2856434A
US2856434A US2856434DA US2856434A US 2856434 A US2856434 A US 2856434A US 2856434D A US2856434D A US 2856434DA US 2856434 A US2856434 A US 2856434A
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/007Coloured or dyes-containing lubricant compositions

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  • This invention relates to low-foaming non-ionic surface-active compositions. It also relates to a process by which these compositions are prepared.
  • the compounds of the present invention are represented by the formula nw CH2OH2),.O ontotm wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty.
  • the process by which these compounds are prepared comprises reacting a compound of the formula in which R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty, with benzyl chloride or bromidein the presence of a strongly basic inorganic neutralizing agent.
  • benzyl chloride is somewhat preferable to the use of benzyl nwomornnon wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty, are.
  • propylene oxide may be "substituted for a similar amount of ethylene oxide without substantially altering the identifying characteristics of the compound. Propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are equivalent to this extent.
  • the formation of a benzyl ether from the abovetype compound results in a product having low-foam detergent properties superior to those of the parent compound.
  • More- 2,856,434 Patented Oct. 14, 1958 attached to a benzene ring as, for example, methylbenzyl chloride, dimethylbenzyl chloride, trimethylbenzyl chloride, ethylbenzyl chloride, ethylmethylbenzyl chloride, chlorobenzyl chloride, bromobenzyl chloride, chloromethylbenzyl chloride, nitrobenzyl chloride, and the like.
  • the corresponding bromides are likewise suitable.
  • R has been defined as an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms. Actually, there may be more than one alkyl substituent on the benzene ring. It is only important that the total number of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl substituents range between eight and fifteen. Suitable for this use are the octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl or pentadecyl groups as single substituents for R. Two
  • R groups may also be substituted for R, as, for example, an octyl and an amyl, a nonyl and an amyl, a decyl and a propyl, a decyl and an amyl, or a dodecyl and a propyl. Even three groups may be substituted for R, as, for example, three amyl substituents.
  • the positions or the alkyl groups on the benzene rings are not indicated because they are not critical.
  • the cloud point This is called the cloud point.
  • the cloud point of the octyl compound having the lowest number of ethoxy units contemplated within this invention, that is, twelve, is less than 2 C.
  • the cloud point With fifteen ethoxy units the cloud point has risen to 15 C.; with sixteen ethoxy units the cloud point is 18 C.; with seventeen ethoxy units the cloud point is 23 C.;
  • the lower members are excellent detergents, while the higher members are, in addition, good emulsifiers. While all of the compounds, regardless of the number of ethoxy units, are excellent detergents with good foam 1 characteristics, the lower members give the best foam results.
  • the suitable agents that may be used are the alkali metals,
  • sodium and potassiums such as sodium and potassiums, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide,
  • the color: of '-the-;.product was equiv'alent -to ahoute4 .on'ithe Gardner-color: scale (Standards *of 1-933).
  • Example 2 There was added to 747 parts of in a flask 50 parts of sodium hydroxide. The temperature was-raised to to-.80 C- to-acceleratedhendissolution-'ofzsodium hydroxide. To the rtiixturefwas added llSzpartsof benzyl chloride "over-a peritaiddfBO-minutes and the temperature of the system was increasedtolIO to C. The mixture wasstirred for. three; hours at which time 200 parts of "water was'added and the temperature raised to the boiling point of thecontents of the flask. The mixture'wasallowed to-settle'and form layers.
  • the aqueous lower layer was discarded and the product upper layer :wassteam stripped to remove benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride.
  • the product was dried; by heating to 100 C. at 20 mm. pressure; and "filtered. 'Theproduct hadga Gardner'teolor value of about 3 and a :cloud point of about 2 C.
  • the yield was 811 parts (97% 'o'f theoretical) Benzyl bromide "functions in a manner similar to benzyl chloride in this reaction.
  • Example 6 There were added to 1540 parts of 100 parts of potassium ethoxide and 200 parts of benzyl bromide. The temperature of the system was raised to 135 to 150 C. and maintained at that level for about two and one-half hours. Water was added to the mixture and the temperature was increased to the boiling point. The mixture was allowed to settle and separate into layers. The aqueous lower layer was discarded and the product upper layer was steam stripped to remove benzyl alcohol and benzyl bromide. The product was dried and filtered. The yield was 1549 parts (95% of theoretical).
  • Benzyl chloride produces the same result as benzyl bromide.
  • Example 7 There was added to a mixture of 910 parts of osnnt emanation and 50 parts of sodium hydroxide 180 parts of benzyl chloride.
  • the benzyl chloride was added at a rate of about 6 parts per minute during which time the tempera ture of the system was raised to 135 to 150 C. The temperature was maintained at this level for about two hours and then water was added to the system. The mixture formed layers and the water layer was removed and discarded. The product layer was steam stripped, dried, and filtered.
  • the benzyl ether product was obtained in the amount of 952 parts (95% of theoretical).
  • the Gardner color value of the product was about 5 and the cloud point was 18 C.
  • Detergency and foam characteristics were determined on the products obtained from the above examples. All were excellent detergents when tested under dishwashing and laundering conditions. For instance, the octyl product containing 20 ethoxy units in the amount of 10 parts, in conjunction with 90 parts of an alkaline builder which was made up of 60% sodium tripolyphosphate, 20% sodium silicate, and 20% sodium sulfate, gave a 95% detergency rating in a standard mechanical dishwashing test which is markedly superior to known commercial detergents.
  • R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty.
  • composition of matter the compound having the formula C7Hi1 (O CHgCHDuO CHgCuHs 3.
  • a composition of matter the compound having the formula 0.1119 (0 CHzCHzhaO CHzCaHIi 4.
  • ClHn OCH:CH5z0O CHmCsHs 5.
  • a composition of matter the compound having the formula 00H" (OCHgCHDWO CHrC6 5 6.
  • a composition of matter the compound having the formula 7.
  • R and n have the same significance as above, in the presence of a strongly basic inorganic neutralizing agent at a temperature of about 50 to 200 C., and then separating the product.

Description

United States Patent 0 BENZYL ETHERS 0F ALKYLPHENUXYPOLY- ETHOXYETHANOL Warren D. Niederhauser, Hunting-don Valley, and Edwin J. Smialkowski, Philadelphia, Pa., assignors to Robin & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application March 22, 1954 Serial No. 417,939
13 Claims. (Cl. 260-613) This invention relates to low-foaming non-ionic surface-active compositions. It also relates to a process by which these compositions are prepared.
The compounds of the present invention are represented by the formula nw CH2OH2),.O ontotm wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty. The process by which these compounds are prepared comprises reacting a compound of the formula in which R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty, with benzyl chloride or bromidein the presence of a strongly basic inorganic neutralizing agent. The use of benzyl chloride is somewhat preferable to the use of benzyl nwomornnon wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty, are.
known and available, and usually exhibit surface activity in varying degrees of practical utility. A unit or two of propylene oxide may be "substituted for a similar amount of ethylene oxide without substantially altering the identifying characteristics of the compound. Propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are equivalent to this extent. The formation of a benzyl ether from the abovetype compound results in a product having low-foam detergent properties superior to those of the parent compound.
Although the compounds prepared by the use of benzyl chloride or bromide are considered of the greatest practical importance, satisfactorily-useful compounds may be prepared from substituted benzyl chloride or bromide. The substituents on the benzene ring should be relatively inert to the reaction components of the present invention and may include the chloro, bromo, nitro, or lower alkyl groups. Compounds that have been found to be suitable include a number having alkyl groups, chlorine or bromine atoms, nitro groups, or combinations thereof,
More- 2,856,434 Patented Oct. 14, 1958 attached to a benzene ring as, for example, methylbenzyl chloride, dimethylbenzyl chloride, trimethylbenzyl chloride, ethylbenzyl chloride, ethylmethylbenzyl chloride, chlorobenzyl chloride, bromobenzyl chloride, chloromethylbenzyl chloride, nitrobenzyl chloride, and the like. The corresponding bromides are likewise suitable.
In the formula R 0 ornom)..on
R has been defined as an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms. Actually, there may be more than one alkyl substituent on the benzene ring. It is only important that the total number of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl substituents range between eight and fifteen. Suitable for this use are the octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl or pentadecyl groups as single substituents for R. Two
groups may also be substituted for R, as, for example, an octyl and an amyl, a nonyl and an amyl, a decyl and a propyl, a decyl and an amyl, or a dodecyl and a propyl. Even three groups may be substituted for R, as, for example, three amyl substituents. The positions or the alkyl groups on the benzene rings are not indicated because they are not critical. t
The number of ethoxy units employed may be varied,
as desired, within the range of twelve to forty. The
presence of twelve ethoxy units gives the compound a hydrophilic trait sufficient to assure water solubility when the alkyl substituent is an octyl group. The presence of additional ethoxy units tends to increase the water solubility of the present compounds which is particularly desirable as the alkyl substituent approaches the limit of fifteen carbon atoms. Compounds of the subject type exhibit the property of inverse solubility. That is, for
instance, as the temperature of an aqueous 1% solution is increased a point is reached where a turbidity appears. I
This is called the cloud point. As the number of ethoxy units is increased the cloud point gradually rises. instance, the cloud point of the octyl compound having the lowest number of ethoxy units contemplated within this invention, that is, twelve, is less than 2 C. With fifteen ethoxy units the cloud point has risen to 15 C.; with sixteen ethoxy units the cloud point is 18 C.; with seventeen ethoxy units the cloud point is 23 C.;
with twenty ethoxy units the cloud point has increased. -to 39 C.; and with the greatest number of ethoxy units,
forty, the cloud point has reached 52 C.
Of course, in some respects, there is a gradation of chemical and physical properties in considering the gamut of ethoxy units in the compounds. Generally, for instance, the lower members are excellent detergents, while the higher members are, in addition, good emulsifiers. While all of the compounds, regardless of the number of ethoxy units, are excellent detergents with good foam 1 characteristics, the lower members give the best foam results.
In the formation of the alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethan- 01s in the range of twelve to forty ethoxy units, there is sometimes obtained a mixture of compounds having different numbers of ethoxy units. This is known and is no deterrent to the present reaction since satisfactory and useful compounds are formed from the mixture of compounds in the same way as the individual compounds.
the suitable agents that may be used are the alkali metals,
such as sodium and potassiums, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide,
For I The choice of a specificpotassium ethoxide; sodium butoxide, sodium carbonate, lithiumhydroxide;-the'alkaliearth--metal-hydroxides;-such as barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide, and the like. The alkali agent should be present in an amountsomewhat; greaterthanthe molar amount of the alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethauol. "This is desirable to assure the complete --'neutralization of the hydrochloric tor hydrobromic acid formed in thereaction. The exeess agent causes no interference-with the desired result and may-easily be removed at =a-eonvenient later stage.
The reaction will satisfactorily occur in the range of temperatures from about 50 "to 200 C. The preferred range is about 100 to 150, C. "The temperature. of the reaction is t not extremely -critical I and temperatures may be-usrdother-than those mentioned. Howeverfithe best results are obtained -using-thetemperature ranges set forth above.
*The *reactionqis essentially i-cornpleted at the end .of about-"one hour althougha somewha't longer reaction time is usually provided -to *assure maximumresults. *The yieldsconsistently-average 93--to -97'% of the benzylether product-based on-=the weight ofthe alcohol used.
1f desired; the-reactio11 *may -be conducted in the; presence ofa'volatileyinert'organic solvent. Suitableffor1'this use-are benzene,-xylene, toluen e -and the; like. The use of sueh solve'nts isa matter of'choice' because thereaction proceeds satisfactorily without a solvent.
:At the conclusion =of the reaction 'the excess unused reactantsare removedfrom 'the productby'standardprocedures. The-reaction mixture is--washed with-water land -the. wash'water discarded. If*desired, an inert volatile-hydrocarbon solvent such asf-benzene. toluene, or the like, may be used-to' aidintheseparation of the water layer from the product layer. 'This is-not usually necessary and, if--not-'necessary, -would -not beused because su'cha step would add the -problem of removal of the hydrocarbon solvent-from the'product' layer. Unreacted benzyl-chloride or bromide and-formed benzyl alcohol are-preferably removed by vacuum steam distillation. The-product-is finally dried, preferably under-vacuum at any convenient temperature, and filtered.
The-method offorma'tion of'the products of this inven tion is set'forth in the following illustrative examples. Parts by wei'ght are used 'throughout.
.lExample l glntovi'a. fiaslercquipped -with a stirrer aud -azthcrmometer 82tpartssof 0.10 H210 B913 H layer wasisteamastripped to'remove toluene, :benzylzchloride, and benzylyalcohol. The-:productwas dried,'by heatingto;100-C.-at5-20 pressure-and filtered. The yield f thebenzyl ether .of
immtoetumt0it was' 860 pa-rts which= represents 95% aof-thattheoretically possible. The color: of '-the-;.product= was equiv'alent -to ahoute4 .on'ithe Gardner-color: scale (Standards *of 1-933). Therproduct-ahadua. cloudapoint of. 1 5 C.
"analogous manner.
Example 2 There was added to 747 parts of in a flask 50 parts of sodium hydroxide. The temperature was-raised to to-.80 C- to-acceleratedhendissolution-'ofzsodium hydroxide. To the rtiixturefwas added llSzpartsof benzyl chloride "over-a peritaiddfBO-minutes and the temperature of the system was increasedtolIO to C. The mixture wasstirred for. three; hours at which time 200 parts of "water was'added and the temperature raised to the boiling point of thecontents of the flask. The mixture'wasallowed to-settle'and form layers. The aqueous lower layer was discarded and the product upper layer :wassteam stripped to remove benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride. The product was dried; by heating to 100 C. at 20 mm. pressure; and "filtered. 'Theproduct hadga Gardner'teolor value of about 3 and a :cloud point of about 2 C. The yield was 811 parts (97% 'o'f theoretical) Benzyl bromide "functions in a manner similar to benzyl chloride in this reaction. Metallic sodium or potassium or calcium hydroxide-maybe used as the alkali agent to producesimilan results.
The corresponding dodecyl- -and pentadecyl"alcohols=react to form similar products'in a-waysimilar-tmthe octyl alcohol.
---Example.3
rIQQSImat-ts of 701-par-ts of potassium*-hydrox'ide'was ad'ded. 0verja period of about --3 0-minutes '180-parts of benzyl chloride was added-and the temperature of the-system was, raised to=-l25ato "C. The'mixturewasstirredfor about three hoursandthen-ZOOparts ofwater were added. The temperature of-"the system was raised' to" the-boiling point and then**th e mixture-was allowed tosettle. and formilayers. 'T-The aqueous lowerla-yer was discarded and 'the product upper layer was -steam stripped to removewoiatile components. '1' he product was -drie'd""by .hcatiugdto 100-'- to 05 ---'C. "at 22 mm. pressure anddilteretl.
. product hada Gardner colorwalue'of -"about 4 and -a"cloud point of 23 C. The yield of the benzylether was 1002 parts (96% of theoretical).
The corresponding nonyl and decyl alcohols react similarly to the octyl alcohol.
Example-.4
' To. a .mixtuteQf;1086 parts of discarded. "The upper layer-was steam strippedyand'then drie'dand-filtered. Ayield of "l'096 parts j(93'% o'fftheoretical) --was obtained. The color 'of'the pro'ductwas about' 5on the Gardner scale. It'had a cloudpoint'o'f 39C.
The corresponding Pdecylamyl --alcohol-- works satisfactorily in thisexample.
Example A 60-part portion of sodium methoxide was added to 1966 parts of I To this mixture, 175 parts of benzyl chloride was added over a period of 28 to 30 minutes. The temperature of the system was adjusted to 120 to 135 C. for a period of three hours. Water was added and a separation into layers efiected. The water layer was discarded and the product layer was steam stripped to remove volatile components. The product was dried by he'atingand then filtered. A yield of 1961 parts (95% oftheoreticallwas obtained. The benzyl ether product had a color of 4 to 5 on the Gardner color scale and a cloud point of 52 C.
Sodium or potassium hydroxide produces results similar to those produced by sodium methoxide.
Example 6 There were added to 1540 parts of 100 parts of potassium ethoxide and 200 parts of benzyl bromide. The temperature of the system was raised to 135 to 150 C. and maintained at that level for about two and one-half hours. Water was added to the mixture and the temperature was increased to the boiling point. The mixture was allowed to settle and separate into layers. The aqueous lower layer was discarded and the product upper layer was steam stripped to remove benzyl alcohol and benzyl bromide. The product was dried and filtered. The yield was 1549 parts (95% of theoretical).
Benzyl chloride produces the same result as benzyl bromide. Sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide per form in the same manner as potassium ethoxide.
Example 7 There was added to a mixture of 910 parts of osnnt emanation and 50 parts of sodium hydroxide 180 parts of benzyl chloride. The benzyl chloride was added at a rate of about 6 parts per minute during which time the tempera ture of the system was raised to 135 to 150 C. The temperature was maintained at this level for about two hours and then water was added to the system. The mixture formed layers and the water layer was removed and discarded. The product layer was steam stripped, dried, and filtered. The benzyl ether product was obtained in the amount of 952 parts (95% of theoretical). The Gardner color value of the product was about 5 and the cloud point was 18 C.
Detergency and foam characteristics were determined on the products obtained from the above examples. All were excellent detergents when tested under dishwashing and laundering conditions. For instance, the octyl product containing 20 ethoxy units in the amount of 10 parts, in conjunction with 90 parts of an alkaline builder which was made up of 60% sodium tripolyphosphate, 20% sodium silicate, and 20% sodium sulfate, gave a 95% detergency rating in a standard mechanical dishwashing test which is markedly superior to known commercial detergents.
The foam characteristics of these compounds at 70 C. were determined under simulated mechanical dishwashing conditions. All were excellent. The following shows the foam results on the octyl compounds:
Foam heights in cm; Compound with 12 ethoxy units 0.0 Compound with 15 ethoxy units 0.0 Compound with 16 ethoxy units 0.0
Compound with 17 ethoxy units 0.0
These results indicated foam characteristics superior to those of known commercial compounds of the corresponding polyethoxy alcohol type which under identical conditions gave foam heights of 9.0 to 11.8 cm. The
wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty.
2. As a composition of matter the compound having the formula C7Hi1 (O CHgCHDuO CHgCuHs 3. As a composition of matter the compound having the formula 0.1119 (0 CHzCHzhaO CHzCaHIi 4. As a composition of matter the compound having the formula ClHn (OCH:CH5)z0O CHmCsHs 5. As a composition of matter the compound having the formula 00H" (OCHgCHDWO CHrC6 5 6. As a composition of matter the compound having the formula 7. A process for the preparation of compounds having the formula wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer from twelve to forty, comprising reacting a benzyl compound from the class consisting of benzyl bromide and benzyl chloride with an alcohol having the formula R (OOH:CHz)..OH
wherein R and n have the same significance as above, in the presence of a strongly basic inorganic neutralizing agent at a temperature of about 50 to 200 C., and then separating the product. i
8. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein R is an octyl group and n is equal to 12.
9. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein R is a nonyl group and n is equal to 15.
10. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein R is an octyl group and n is equal to 20.
11. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein R is a nonyl group and n is equal to 30.
12. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein R is an octyl group and n is equal to 40.
13. A process for the preparation of compounds having the formula wherein R is an alkyl group of eight to fifteen carbon atoms and n is an integer; from: twelve to forty, comprising reacting a benzyl compound. from. the class consisting of bromide and chloride with an alcohol having the formula,
womcmnon wherein R and n have the same significance as" above,
in the presence of'anexcessof zr-,strong-1y-basic inorganic" neutralizing agent at a-temperatureof'a-bout 50 to 200 C., then Washing the reaction mixture with Water, removing the volatile components by distillation, drying by heating up to 100' C; at" about 20 mm. pressure, and obtaining the product as the residue.
References Cited. in thefile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,178,831
OTHER REFERENCES Schwartz et al;; Surface Active Agents 1949 pp. 18,,
LUncist'ed et aL; Journal Amer. Oil Chemists Society, vol. 285 (1951), p. 295.
Main
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,856,434 October 14, 1958 Warren D. Niederhauser et a1.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 4, lines 34 to 36, Example 3, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patenta nwCHaCH2h1OH column 6, lines 21 to 23, claim 2, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent CsH1 (0CEnCHg)uOCHQOQH5 lines 41 to 43, claim 6, the formula should appear-as shown below instead of as in the patentmmQwomommo 01110511,
Signed and sealed this 20th day of January 1959.
[SEAL] Attest KARL H. AXLINE, ROBERT C. WATSON, Attesting Oficer. Gammissz'oner of Patents.

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913416A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-11-17 Rohm & Haas Liquid detergent composition
US3072515A (en) * 1959-03-09 1963-01-08 Diversey Corp Method and composition for chemically polishing metals
US3082172A (en) * 1960-04-05 1963-03-19 Economics Lab Defoaming rinse composition
US3123561A (en) * 1961-01-04 1964-03-03 Hydroxyphenyl
US3281475A (en) * 1962-02-06 1966-10-25 Rohm & Haas Process for preparing olefin-terminated alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols
US3293191A (en) * 1961-06-26 1966-12-20 Cumberland Chemical Corp Ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic alcohols
US3314891A (en) * 1964-05-27 1967-04-18 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp Low foaming detergent
US3334147A (en) * 1962-02-28 1967-08-01 Economics Lab Defoaming and surface active compositions
US3359205A (en) * 1962-12-05 1967-12-19 Monsanto Co Detergent composition containing substituted benzyl ether non-ionic detergents
US3444242A (en) * 1968-03-04 1969-05-13 Economics Lab Surface active agents
DE2800710A1 (en) * 1978-01-09 1979-07-12 Kuraray Co High purity etherified polyoxyalkylene cpds. prepn. - by etherifying polyoxyalkylene which has been treated with hydrogen in presence of hydrogenating catalyst
US4518459A (en) * 1979-11-13 1985-05-21 Economics Laboratory, Inc. Methods of deinking secondary fibers
US5286300A (en) * 1991-02-13 1994-02-15 Man-Gill Chemical Company Rinse aid and lubricant
US5417808A (en) * 1991-08-30 1995-05-23 Lion Corporation Deinking composition for flotation and deinking method
US5503768A (en) * 1991-06-06 1996-04-02 S.T. Chemical Co., Ltd. Halogen scavengers
US5583097A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-12-10 Ppg Industries, Inc. Deinking agent of nonionic surfactants

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2178831A (en) * 1938-04-26 1939-11-07 Rohm & Haas Aromatic polyalkylene ethers
US2233381A (en) * 1940-03-06 1941-02-25 Petrolite Corp Flooding process for recovering oil from subterranean oil-bearing strata
US2527506A (en) * 1950-10-24 Etheks
US2596091A (en) * 1950-03-28 1952-05-13 Rohm & Haas Nonionic surface-active agents
US2609344A (en) * 1948-08-14 1952-09-02 Nat Aluminate Corp Prevention of foaming in steam generation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2527506A (en) * 1950-10-24 Etheks
US2178831A (en) * 1938-04-26 1939-11-07 Rohm & Haas Aromatic polyalkylene ethers
US2233381A (en) * 1940-03-06 1941-02-25 Petrolite Corp Flooding process for recovering oil from subterranean oil-bearing strata
US2609344A (en) * 1948-08-14 1952-09-02 Nat Aluminate Corp Prevention of foaming in steam generation
US2596091A (en) * 1950-03-28 1952-05-13 Rohm & Haas Nonionic surface-active agents

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913416A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-11-17 Rohm & Haas Liquid detergent composition
US3072515A (en) * 1959-03-09 1963-01-08 Diversey Corp Method and composition for chemically polishing metals
US3082172A (en) * 1960-04-05 1963-03-19 Economics Lab Defoaming rinse composition
US3123561A (en) * 1961-01-04 1964-03-03 Hydroxyphenyl
US3293191A (en) * 1961-06-26 1966-12-20 Cumberland Chemical Corp Ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic alcohols
US3281475A (en) * 1962-02-06 1966-10-25 Rohm & Haas Process for preparing olefin-terminated alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols
US3334147A (en) * 1962-02-28 1967-08-01 Economics Lab Defoaming and surface active compositions
US3359205A (en) * 1962-12-05 1967-12-19 Monsanto Co Detergent composition containing substituted benzyl ether non-ionic detergents
US3314891A (en) * 1964-05-27 1967-04-18 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp Low foaming detergent
US3444242A (en) * 1968-03-04 1969-05-13 Economics Lab Surface active agents
DE2800710A1 (en) * 1978-01-09 1979-07-12 Kuraray Co High purity etherified polyoxyalkylene cpds. prepn. - by etherifying polyoxyalkylene which has been treated with hydrogen in presence of hydrogenating catalyst
US4518459A (en) * 1979-11-13 1985-05-21 Economics Laboratory, Inc. Methods of deinking secondary fibers
US5286300A (en) * 1991-02-13 1994-02-15 Man-Gill Chemical Company Rinse aid and lubricant
US5503768A (en) * 1991-06-06 1996-04-02 S.T. Chemical Co., Ltd. Halogen scavengers
US5417808A (en) * 1991-08-30 1995-05-23 Lion Corporation Deinking composition for flotation and deinking method
US5583097A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-12-10 Ppg Industries, Inc. Deinking agent of nonionic surfactants

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