US2854715A - Method of casting metal in a mold containing vinyl aromatic binders - Google Patents
Method of casting metal in a mold containing vinyl aromatic binders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2854715A US2854715A US444919A US44491954A US2854715A US 2854715 A US2854715 A US 2854715A US 444919 A US444919 A US 444919A US 44491954 A US44491954 A US 44491954A US 2854715 A US2854715 A US 2854715A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molds
- mold
- graphite
- casting
- vinyl aromatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
- B22C1/2206—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Definitions
- This invention relates to molds for casting refractory metals, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, etc., and more particularly to rammedand pressed-graphite molds, and to methods for preparing such molds.
- refractory metals such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, etc.
- rammedand pressed-graphite molds and to methods for preparing such molds.
- an object of this invention to provide a method for preparing molds for use in the casting of refractory metals.
- Still another object of this invention is to provide molds for casting refractory metals without contaminating such cast metals.
- Still another object of this invention is to provide molds, and a method of preparing such molds, which require no preheating before receiving molten metal.
- this invention comprises graphite or carbon molds bonded with a polymerized vinyl aromatic compound for casting refractory metals and methods for making such molds.
- graphite or carbon molds for use in casting active refractory metals can be prepared by 2,854,715 lt atentecl Oct. 7, 1958 ice methyl styrenes, such as polyorthomethyl styrene, metamethyl styrene, paramethyl styrene, and combinations of the three.
- Other useful polystyrene compounds include poly 2,4-dimethyl styrene, poly 2,5-dimethy1 styrene, poly 3,4-dimethyl styrene, and 1,3,5-trimethyl styrene.
- Polystyrene and polydivinyl benzene and combinations of the two also provide preferred binder materials for the present invention.
- Graphite molds with vinyl aromatic resin binders can be prepared by either the ram method or by pressing. To illustrate the procedure for preparing ram molds, Example I below is given:
- Powdered graphite was mixed with 4%, by weight, polystyrene.
- the polystyrene was dissolved in benzene prior to the mixing operation.
- EXAMPLE II -A pressed-graphite mold was prepared as follows:
- a titanium casting prepared in this mold also compared favorably, -on the basis of surface contamination
- Table 'II shows the increased surface hardness values as compared with the hardness at the center of castings prepared (a) in the pressed-graphite mold with the divinyl'benzene binder, (b) in "a machined-graphite mold,'and (c) in a zircon mold.
- the method of producing refractory metal castings which are relatively free of surface contamination which comprises casting the refractory metal in a mold prepared from a material selected from the group consisting of carbon and graphite and a binder selected from the group of polymers consisting of polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyvinyl methanaphthalene, polyvinyl toluene, orthopolymethylstyrene, metamethylstyrene, paramethylstyrene, combinations .of 'ortho-, metaand paramethylstyrene, 2,4 dimethyl styrene, 2,5 dimethyl styrene, 3,4-dimethyl styrene, 1,3,5 -trimethyl styrene, polystyrene, polydivinyl .benzene, and combinations of polystyrene and'polydivinyl benzene, said binder being present in an amount conventional for binders
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Pate METHOD OF CASTING METAL IN A MOLD CON- TAINING VINYL AROMATIC BINDERS N Drawing. Application July 21, 1954 r Serial No. 444,919
1 Claim. cl. 22-493 This invention relates to molds for casting refractory metals, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, etc., and more particularly to rammedand pressed-graphite molds, and to methods for preparing such molds. In the past, inthe casting of certain active refractory metals, such as titanium, it has been difficult to find suitable materials for molds. This has been because the active metal combines with the mold materials and with the oxygen in the mold materials to produce contamination extending Well into the surface of the casting. Best results, in the past, have come about through the use of machined-graphite molds, but such molds are expensive, can only be used once if the design of the casting is intricate, and require preheating to eliminate volatile contaminants or to prevent cold shuts before they can be used to receive molten 0 metal.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a method for preparing molds for use in the casting of refractory metals.
It is another object of this invention to provide molds for casting refractory metals.
Still another object of this invention is to provide molds for casting refractory metals without contaminating such cast metals.
Still another object of this invention is to provide molds, and a method of preparing such molds, which require no preheating before receiving molten metal.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description thereof. I
In general, this invention comprises graphite or carbon molds bonded with a polymerized vinyl aromatic compound for casting refractory metals and methods for making such molds.
It has been found that graphite or carbon molds for use in casting active refractory metals can be prepared by 2,854,715 lt atentecl Oct. 7, 1958 ice methyl styrenes, such as polyorthomethyl styrene, metamethyl styrene, paramethyl styrene, and combinations of the three. Other useful polystyrene compounds include poly 2,4-dimethyl styrene, poly 2,5-dimethy1 styrene, poly 3,4-dimethyl styrene, and 1,3,5-trimethyl styrene. Polystyrene and polydivinyl benzene and combinations of the two also provide preferred binder materials for the present invention.
In selecting bonding resins for the molds of the present invention, it has been found that satisfactory resins are characterized by the fact that they contain no oxygen and, preferably, little or no nitrogen. These characteristics are important because of the extreme activity of the refractory metals to be cast in the molds of this invention, and because of the fact that contamination of these metals, particularly titanium and zirconium, render them unsuitable for many purposes because of the deleterious effect of oxygen and nitrogen on the properties of these metals.
Graphite molds with vinyl aromatic resin binders can be prepared by either the ram method or by pressing. To illustrate the procedure for preparing ram molds, Example I below is given:
EXAMPLE I A ram mold was prepared as follows:
(1) Powdered graphite was mixed with 4%, by weight, polystyrene. The polystyrene was dissolved in benzene prior to the mixing operation.
(2) The mixture was rammed into a core box.
(3) The rammed mixture was baked in the core box for 16 hours at F.
(4) The resulting mold was stripped from the core box.
(5) The stripped mold was baked for one hour at F.
Casting tests made with the mold of the above example showed that the mold produced castings with freedom of contamination equivalent to that obtained when using machined-graphite molds. It is well known that contamination from carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen causes a rapid increase in the hardness of titanium' Therefore, hardness measurements taken on a cross section of a titanium casting provide a relative indication of the depth and degree of casting contamination. Table I shows the increase in hardness values obtained on titanium castings prepared (a) in the rammed-graphite mold with the polystyrene binder, (b) a machined-graphite mold, and (c) a zircon mold, zircon being the most inert oxide material for making molds for refractory metals.
Table I Hardness Increase Over Center Hardness, Knoop Hardness Numbers bonding such molds with a polyvinyl aromatic compound. For example, satisfactory bonding materials would include polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyvinyl methylnaphthalene, polystyrene, and certain indene resins. Other examples include the poly- 75 with castings prepared in machined-graphite molds.
The values listed in Table I show clearly that castings prepared in the resin-bonded, rammed-graphite mold compare very favorably, so far as surface contamination (as evidenced by increased surface hardness) is concerned, The
pressed graphite molds with .a vinyl aromaticresin as the 5 binder. ;For this particular example, divinyl benzene was used as a binder.
EXAMPLE II -A pressed-graphite mold was prepared as follows:
(1) A mixture of 97%,by weight, graphite and 3% divinyl benzene was prepared.
(2) The mixture was placed in a die and compressed at 2,500 p. s. i.
(3-) The die was heated to 350 F. and.heldat'350 F.
'for'five hours.
(4) The die was cooled to 'room temperature, pressure being maintained during the cooling process.
A titanium casting prepared in this mold also compared favorably, -on the basis of surface contamination,
with the similar casting prepared in a machined-graphite mold. Table 'II shows the increased surface hardness values as compared with the hardness at the center of castings prepared (a) in the pressed-graphite mold with the divinyl'benzene binder, (b) in "a machined-graphite mold,'and (c) in a zircon mold.
Table I1 4 oxygen-containing binders. Castings prepared in the molds of the present invention are comparatively as contamination-free as castings prepared in machined-graphite molds.
Various changes in the exact disclosure of this specification may be made without departing from the scope of the new teaching of this invention, which 'is hereinafter more particularly set forth in the attached claim.
What is claimed is:
The method of producing refractory metal castings which are relatively free of surface contamination which comprises casting the refractory metal in a mold prepared from a material selected from the group consisting of carbon and graphite and a binder selected from the group of polymers consisting of polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyvinyl methanaphthalene, polyvinyl toluene, orthopolymethylstyrene, metamethylstyrene, paramethylstyrene, combinations .of 'ortho-, metaand paramethylstyrene, 2,4 dimethyl styrene, 2,5 dimethyl styrene, 3,4-dimethyl styrene, 1,3,5 -trimethyl styrene, polystyrene, polydivinyl .benzene, and combinations of polystyrene and'polydivinyl benzene, said binder being present in an amount conventional for binders in refractory molds.
HardnessIncrease Over Center Hardness, Knoop Hardness Numbers De th Below 1-inch Section k-inch Section urface (inches) I 'iPressed- Macined- Zircon Pressed- .Machmed- Zircon Graphite Graphite Mold Graphite Graphite Mold Mold Mold Mold Mold 0.024 not meas- 4 85 not meas- 17 ured. ured. 0.028 not measnot meas- +1 not measured. ured. ured. 0.032 notmeas- -4 40 notmeasdo ured. ured. 0.039 11 notmeasnotmeas- -15 do ured. ured.
ured.
It will be apparent that new and useful mold compositions .for the casting of reactive refractory metals have been described. Methods of preparing molds from these compositions have been set forth and illustrated. Castings prepared in molds of the present invention have consistently evidenced decreased surface contamination as compared with castings prepared in molds bonded with Dedication 2,854,715.-J0hn G. Kum, Columbus, Ohio. METHOD OF CASTING METAL IN A MOLD CONTAINING VINYL AROMATIC BIN DER-S. Patent dated Oct. 7 1958. Dedication filed Aug. 2, 1974, by the assignee, The Battelle Development Gorpomtz'on.
Hereby dedicates to the People of the United States the entire remaining term of said patent.
[Ofiiaz'al Gazette April 1, 1.975.]
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US444919A US2854715A (en) | 1954-07-21 | 1954-07-21 | Method of casting metal in a mold containing vinyl aromatic binders |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US444919A US2854715A (en) | 1954-07-21 | 1954-07-21 | Method of casting metal in a mold containing vinyl aromatic binders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2854715A true US2854715A (en) | 1958-10-07 |
Family
ID=23766890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US444919A Expired - Lifetime US2854715A (en) | 1954-07-21 | 1954-07-21 | Method of casting metal in a mold containing vinyl aromatic binders |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2854715A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3145438A (en) * | 1958-09-18 | 1964-08-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Gas cure of organic bonds for sand and abrasive granules |
| US3216073A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method and device for accurately aligning shaped foundry articles |
| DE1508664B1 (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1971-08-12 | Howmet Corp | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CASTING FORMS BY THE WAX MELTING PROCESS |
| US3943089A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1976-03-09 | Instytut Odlewnictwa | Quick-hardening core and molding sand composition, and a method for its hardening |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB596837A (en) * | 1941-09-15 | 1948-01-12 | Cfcmug | Improvements in members for liquid meters |
| US2683296A (en) * | 1951-11-17 | 1954-07-13 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of preparing shell molds and composition therefor |
| US2683669A (en) * | 1950-04-15 | 1954-07-13 | Myron A Coler | Conductive plastics and method of making the same |
-
1954
- 1954-07-21 US US444919A patent/US2854715A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB596837A (en) * | 1941-09-15 | 1948-01-12 | Cfcmug | Improvements in members for liquid meters |
| US2683669A (en) * | 1950-04-15 | 1954-07-13 | Myron A Coler | Conductive plastics and method of making the same |
| US2683296A (en) * | 1951-11-17 | 1954-07-13 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of preparing shell molds and composition therefor |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3145438A (en) * | 1958-09-18 | 1964-08-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Gas cure of organic bonds for sand and abrasive granules |
| US3216073A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1965-11-09 | Edward N Harrison | Method and device for accurately aligning shaped foundry articles |
| DE1508664B1 (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1971-08-12 | Howmet Corp | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CASTING FORMS BY THE WAX MELTING PROCESS |
| US3943089A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1976-03-09 | Instytut Odlewnictwa | Quick-hardening core and molding sand composition, and a method for its hardening |
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