US2850670A - Electronic device - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2850670A
US2850670A US550561A US55056155A US2850670A US 2850670 A US2850670 A US 2850670A US 550561 A US550561 A US 550561A US 55056155 A US55056155 A US 55056155A US 2850670 A US2850670 A US 2850670A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electrode
deflection
electron
deflection electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US550561A
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English (en)
Inventor
Aiken William Ross
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Jeep Corp
Original Assignee
Kaiser Industries Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL212598D priority Critical patent/NL212598A/xx
Priority to NL112151D priority patent/NL112151C/xx
Application filed by Kaiser Industries Corp filed Critical Kaiser Industries Corp
Priority to US550561A priority patent/US2850670A/en
Priority to GB36508/56A priority patent/GB848009A/en
Priority to FR1167897D priority patent/FR1167897A/fr
Priority to DEN13023A priority patent/DE1132583B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2850670A publication Critical patent/US2850670A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
    • H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
    • H01J31/123—Flat display tubes
    • H01J31/124—Flat display tubes using electron beam scanning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electron beam deflection system and more particularly to an electrode structure for use in connection with a cathode ray tube of theflat or shallow type.
  • the instant invention has particular application in cathode ray tubes of the Aiken type.
  • the Aiken type cathode ray tube ischaracterized by its relatively flat or shallow depth dimension which may be two or three inches as compared with the nearly twenty inch depth of. the conventional elongate cathode ray tube.
  • a complete description of the Aiken type cathode ray tube may be had by referring to copending application Serial No. 355,965, which was filed May 19, 1953 now abandoned and Serial No. 396,120, which was filed December 3, 1953 and issued as Patent No. 2,795,731, June 11, 1957.
  • an Aiken type cathode ray tube is comprised of three sections; a primary section, including an electron gun, a linear array of horizontal deflection electrodes, and a slotted electrode having slot disposed therein co-extensively with the array; 21 transition sectiomincluding an arrangement of accelerating and focussingelectrodes; and a high voltage section, including an electron sensitive target and an associated array of vertical deflection electrodes.
  • the electron gun is caused to deliver a beam of electrons along the first path through the channel formed by the linear array of horizontal deflection electrodes.
  • Beam deflection is effected by suitably loweringzthe' voltage on one or more of the horizontal deflection electrodes with respect to the cathode potential of the electr'on gun.
  • the beam thereupon is deflected to a second path'through the slotted electrode and focusing and accelerating electrodes of the transition section into the high 'voltage section.
  • the beam may then be caused to-impiiige upon the target of the high voltage section by suitably lowering the voltage on one or more of the vertical deflection electrodes with respect to the voltage of the target;
  • the fluorescent material thereof becomes excited and emits a visual signal in' the form of light which may be viewed from a point outsidethe tube.
  • the instant invention is an improvement in the electrode structure'which'may be'employed in the primary section of an Aiken type tube. It has been found that it-is possible to increase the inherently fine electron beam focusing characteristics of the primary section through the" utilization 'of the electrode structure hereinafter described.
  • the deflected beam was caused to focus at a point in the region defined bytlie slot. Beam focus was necessary at this point in amma order that no energy was sapped from the electron beam by electron impingement upon the edges of the slotted electrode. It will be obvious that this point of focus, which may be referred to as a cross-over point, should advantageously occur at a point close to or adjacent the target in order to obtain the maximum resolution and definition in the image display.
  • the instant invention achieves improved results by forming each of the horizontal deflection electrodes with side walls which are flared and which may be used in combination with either a plurality of parallelly arranged grid wires or with a slotted electrode such as used inthe prior art embodiments.
  • the grid wires are placed near the deflection electrodes and since the beam in that area is broad and not yet finally focused, only a small portion of the electron beam which is deflected by the horizontal deflection electrodes will impinge upon any one of the grid wires so that the majority of the energy of the beam will pass between the grid wires and, accordingly, the loss of energy will be slight.
  • the position of the cross over point of the electron beam can be caused to vary in the plane adjacent the target such that the cross over point may be effected closer to the bottom, the center, or the top of such plane; It will be appreciated that different tube arrangements will require different points of cross over.
  • One manner in which the position of the cross over point may be varied is by altering the angle of the sides of thedeflection electrodes. Also, supplemental focusing'accelerating' electrodes may be employed to cooperate with the grid Wire assembly to'accelerate the beam to effect a change in the position of the cross over point.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of an Aiken type cathode-ray tube partially broken awayto clearly illustrate the colocations of the electrode structure of the instant inven tion;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged front view of the electrode arrangement of the instant invention
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the electrode arrangement shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a front view of a cathode ray tube of the facsimile type employing the electrode structure of the instant invention.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of the device illustrated in Figure 4 taken along line 5-5 of Figure-4.
  • FIG. 1 An Aiken type cathoderay tube having an evacuated envelope 10.
  • An electron gun 12 capable of emitting an electron beam 16 is disposed within a receiving aperture in the upper right hand corner of the envelope 10'and may be of the conventional type having electrostatic plates 14'.
  • Any suitable electron beam forming arrangement may be employed in the practice of this invention, and a detailed description thereof is not given here, but may be found in literature such as for example, in an article entitled Improved Electron Gun for Cathode Ray Tubes by L. E. Swedlund in Electronics for March 1946. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that electromagnetic deflection means may likewise be employed.
  • a linear array of horizontal deflection electrodes 18, shown in detail in Figures 2 and 3, is disposed within the envelope 10 along the top marginal edge thereof.
  • the electrodes 18 are slightly spaced from one another and the entire array extends away from the electron gun 12.
  • Each of the electrodes is provided with an electrical conductor 20 which is adapted to pass through the en-- velope 10 to an electrical generator outside the tube.
  • any electrical generator capable of producing selective 3 signal energization of the electrodes 18 may be herein employed; however, specific reference is made to copending application Serial No. 514,653, which was filed June 10, 1955. It has been found that a device of the type therein described will function satisfactorily to apply the desired energization to the horizontal deflection plates 18.
  • a plurality of grid wires 22 is disposed in spaced relation from and in coextensive relation with the array of horizontal deflection plates 18. These grid wires 22 are disposed in parallel relation with respect to one another and are suitably coupled together at their terminal portions, and are provided with an electrical conductor 24 which is adapted to extend through the envelope to a regulated power supply, not shown, situated outside a the tube. Directly beneath the primary section of the tube, there is disposed the transition section of the tube which comprises, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, two accelerating and focusing electrodes 26 and provided with associated electrical conductors 28 and 32, respectively, which are adapted to pass through the side wall of the envelope 10 to a regulated power supply, not shown. Each electrode of the individual pairs of accelerating and focusing electrodes 26 and 30 is spaced apart a degree sufficient to permit electron beam passage therethrough.
  • the high voltage region of the tube comprising a set of vertical deflection electrodes 34 and a target 38, is disposed in spaced relation beneath the transition section.
  • the vertical deflection electrodes 34 are aflied to the inner side wall of the envelope 10 in any one of the manners well-known in the art.
  • These electrodes 34 may be transparent and formed of an electrically conducting glass suitably afiixed to the inner wall of the envelope 10 or alternatively, these electrodes may also consist of electrically conducting material which is capable of being painted on the inner surface of the tube. This material may also be transparent.
  • Each deflection electrode 34 is provided with an electrical conductor 36 which is adapted to pass through the wall of the envelope 10 to an electrical generator of the type capable of applying or impressing selective signal energization to the electrodes 34.
  • An electrical generator which has been found to be satisfactory in this connection is shown and described in co-pending application Serial No. 514,653, which was filed June 10, 1955.
  • a target 38 is provided on the inner wall of the envelope 10 opposite the wall on which the vertical deflection electrodes 34 are aflixed.
  • the target is comprised of an electron sensitive material of the type which upon electron bombardment will emit a visual signal in the form of light.
  • the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 are formed with a base portion 40 and outwardly extending side portions 42.
  • the electrostatic field established by these electrodes causes the electron beam 16 to converge at a crossover point P which point is located on the side opposite the grid wire 22 assembly from that of the deflection electrodes 18.
  • the electron gun 12 upon suitable energization from an incoming signal, causes the electron beam 16 to be delivered along a path which is in substantial parallel alignment with the lonigtudinal axis of the linear array of horizontal deflection electrodes 18. Initially, all the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 are maintained at a potential negative with respect to the cathode potential of the electron gun 12. As the electron beam 16 enters the electrostatic field established by the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 most adjacent the source of electrons, a repelling force of said field causes the beam to be deflected downwardly in a direction away from the first electrode of the horizonal deflection electrode array. The field established within the horizontal deflec n electrodes 18 deflects the electrons through the open side of the electrodes 18 toward and through the arrangement of grid wires 22.
  • signals are applied to the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 in succession from an electric generator and are preferably applied to adjacent electrodes in an overlapping manner. That is, a signal is applied to the deflection electrode 18 closest to the source of electrons which thereupon drives the electrode in a positive direction approaching the value of the potential on the grid wire assembly. However, prior to the instant the potential value on the first electrode reaches a value substantially equal to the potential of the grid wire assembly, a positive going signal is applied to the next adjacent electrode 18.
  • the order in which the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 are charged or discharged may be reversed.
  • initially all of the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 of the linear array are maintained positive with respect to the cathode potential of the electron gun 12.
  • the potential value in such case is equal to the potential value impressed on the grid wire assembly comprised of the grid wires 22, thereby establishing a field-free zone along the entire longitudinal dimension of the array of horizontal deflection electrodes 18.
  • the field-free zone permits the electrons which comprise the electron beam 16 to travel the entire length thereof without being confronted by any spurious electric fields.
  • the horizontal deflection electrode 18 most distant from the electron gun 12 is commenced to be driven toward its maximum value.
  • a negative going signal is applied to the adjacent electrode 18 just prior to the instant the first driven electrode 18 reach its full negative value. This procedure repeats successively along the entire array of horizontal deflection electrodes 18.
  • the beam 16 is caused to pass through the grid wire assembly comprised of the grid wires 22 and accelerated thereby toward the high voltage section of the tube.
  • the beam 16 is next caused to pass between the two pairs of focusing electrode structures, the first of which is comprised of the accelerating focusing electrodes 26 and may be main-j tained at 2 kv. potential positive with respect to the cathode potential of the electron gun 12.
  • the second focusing electrode assembly comprised of the pair of electrodes 30 is maintained within the range of from 0 to 8 kv. potential positive with respect to the cathode potential of the electron gun 12.
  • These electrodes establish electrostatic fields which tend to further focus the elec- 'tube, is caused to travel along a path which is parallel and in close proximity to the deflection electrodes 34.
  • the vertical deflection system is operated much in the same manner in which the horizontal deflection system is operated.
  • Signals applied to the vertical deflection electrodes 34 are also preferably applied in an overlapping manner so that the potential on at least two adjacent electrodes 34 is changing at the same time. Initially, these vertical deflection electrodes 34 and the fluorescent target 38 are maintained at substantially l3 kv. potential positive with respect to the cathode potential of the electron gun 12.
  • each of the elements of the high voltage section is maintained at an equal potential value, a field-free region is established therewithin permitting the electron beam 16 to have unobstructed travel within the field-free region until a suitable lesser potential is applied to one of the vertical deflection plates 34.
  • the so driven electrode 34 exerts a deflecting force on the beam 16 causing it to be'deflected toward and impinge upon a fluorescent target 38.
  • the electron impingement upon the fluorescent material of the target 38 causes the material to become excited and thereby give off a massness of intensity which is directly proportional to the intensity of the impinging electron beam 16.
  • the light emitted from the fluorescent coating of the target 38 may be viewed through the optically transparent deflection electrodes 34 and also may be viewed from a position toward the opposite side of the target 38.
  • the energization of the vertical-horizontal deflection electrodes may be effected by a suitable electronic generator means which are synchronized in their operation by the incoming sync signal received from the television transmitting station.
  • a suitable electronic generator means which are synchronized in their operation by the incoming sync signal received from the television transmitting station.
  • an electronic generator suitable for operation in conjunction with the instant apparatus is described in detail in copending application S. N. 514,653 which was filed June 10, 1955. It might be well to point out here that the instant invention may be employed in many of the cathode ray tube applications too numerous to specifically set forth herein; however, one example is in connection with a cathoderay tube used in facsimile tube applications.
  • the instant apparatus may advantageously be employed in connection with cathode ray tubes employed in facsimile systems.
  • a facsimile type cathode ray tube is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, wherein it will be noted that the horizontal deflection electrodes 18, having a top portion 40 and flared outside portions 42, is employed in conjunction with a grid wire assembly consisting of the grid wires 22.
  • An elongate-fluorescent target 44 is disposed beneath the grid Wire assembly.
  • the electron beam 16 delivered by the electron gun 12 is caused to travel through the channel formed by the linear array of deflection electrodes 18 until one or more of these deflection electrodes is energized in such a manner as to establish an electric field which will act to repel and thereby deflect the beam 16 toward and into impingement with the target 44.
  • Such electron bombardment will cause the fluorescent material of the target 44 to luminesce and give off a visual signal in the form of light.
  • the focus point or cross-over point P of the electron beam 16 resides closely adjacent the fluorescent target 44', thereby making it possible to achieve a very fine line or small dot of light appear on the fluorescent target 44.
  • the instant electrode arrangement may be advantageously and satisfactorily employed as a flying spot scanner, wherein it is necessary for the cathode ray tube to have a flat screen, a very small spot of light, and ample spot brightness.
  • the application of cathode ray tube scanning to facsimile systems may be accomplished in several different ways. As in television, both horizontal and vertical scanning is necessary. At the sending or transmitting end a successful method employed is flying Spot scanning, the moving spot on the phosphor screen being projected optically onto the subject copy and the reflected light caught in a photo tube, which then provides the facsimile signal.
  • the rapidhorizontal scanning is provided by a deflection of the beam in the cathode ray tube, the vertical scanning, either by movement of thetube or by vertical motionof the subject copy.
  • the transient image on the oathode ray tube screen must be photographed to get a permanent record.
  • both horizontal and vertical scanning by cathode ray tube so that a television-like raster is employed.
  • a set of deflection electrodes disposed along the beam path, each electrode having a planar surface with angularly depending Side walls for applying deflecting forces at successive intervals along the beam path, and a plurality of parallelly disposed grid wires spaced from and in co-extensive relation with said set of deflection electrodes for maintaining a substantially field-free region for the portion of the beam path within the zone defined by said set of deflection electrodes and said grid wires.
  • means for delivering an electron beam along a given path deflection electrode means disposed along the beam path, a plurality of grid wire members disposed in spaced coextensive relation with the deflection means for establishing a field-free region therebetween through which said electron beam is directed, and means for applying energizing potentials to said deflection electrodes to bend said beam from said region at successive intervals along its length and through said grid means into a successive zone in the discharge device.
  • deflection electrode means disposed along the beam path each electrode having a planar upper portion with depending angular side portions, a plurality of grid wire members disposed in spaced coextensive relation with the deflection means for establishing a field-free region therebetween through which said electron beam is directed, means for applying energizing potentials to said deflection electrodes to bend said beam from said region at successive intervals along its length and through said grid means into a successive zone in the discharge device,. and focusing means disposed between said grid wire members and said successive zone for determining with the angle portions of said deflection electrode means the point of beam cross-over in said successive zone.
  • means for establishing a field-free region along the beam path including deflection electrode means disposed along the beam path, a plurality of grid Wire members disposed along the beam path in spaced coextensive relation with the deflection means to establish a field-free region therebetween for the electron beam, and means for applying energizing potentials to said deflection electrodes to effect bending thereby of said beam from its path through said gridmeans and into a successive zone in the discharge device.
  • means for estab- 8 lishing a field-free region along the beam path including a plurality of deflection electrode members disposed along the beam path to apply deflecting forces to the beam at successive intervals along its path, said members having an upper planar portion With angularly depending side portions, and a plurality of grid wire members disposed in spaced coextensive relation with the deflection means to establish a field-free region therebetween for the beam path.
  • target means means for directing an electron beam along a path in non-registering relation with said target means, deflection electrode means disposed along at least an initial portion of the beam path for applying bending forces to successive intervals of the beam to bend same to successive paths in a zone adjacent said target means, secondary deflection means for selectively bending the beam from said successive paths into registration with said target, and grid wire members for establishing a field-free reigon along said initial portion of said beam disposed in spaced coextensive relation with the deflection means and in the successive paths of the beam.

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  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
US550561A 1955-12-02 1955-12-02 Electronic device Expired - Lifetime US2850670A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL212598D NL212598A (pl) 1955-12-02
NL112151D NL112151C (pl) 1955-12-02
US550561A US2850670A (en) 1955-12-02 1955-12-02 Electronic device
GB36508/56A GB848009A (en) 1955-12-02 1956-11-29 Electron discharge device
FR1167897D FR1167897A (fr) 1955-12-02 1956-11-30 Dispositif de décharge électronique
DEN13023A DE1132583B (de) 1955-12-02 1956-12-01 Kathodenstrahlroehre

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US550561A US2850670A (en) 1955-12-02 1955-12-02 Electronic device

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US2850670A true US2850670A (en) 1958-09-02

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DE (1) DE1132583B (pl)
FR (1) FR1167897A (pl)
GB (1) GB848009A (pl)
NL (2) NL112151C (pl)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2322450A1 (fr) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-25 Rca Corp Dispositif a adressage par faisceaux electroniques plat
FR2322451A1 (fr) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-25 Rca Corp Dispositif d'affichage electronique plat
FR2325179A1 (fr) * 1975-09-22 1977-04-15 Rca Corp Dispositif de visualisation plat perfectionne
FR2350690A1 (fr) * 1976-05-03 1977-12-02 Rca Corp Dispositifs multiplicateurs d'electrons, notamment pour systemes d'affichage d'images cathodo-luminescentes
FR2353906A1 (fr) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-30 Rca Corp Dispositif d'affichage plat a faisceaux guides de type modulaire
FR2373154A1 (fr) * 1976-12-01 1978-06-30 Rca Corp Perfectionnements apportes aux dispositifs d'affichage electronique
FR2373871A1 (fr) * 1976-12-10 1978-07-07 Rca Corp Procede et dispositif d'affichage a panneau plat
FR2404884A1 (fr) * 1977-10-03 1979-04-27 Rca Corp Perfectionnements apportes aux dispositifs d'affichage electroniques a convergence de faisceaux
USRE30195E (en) * 1975-09-22 1980-01-15 Rca Corporation Guided beam flat display device

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2126694A (en) * 1937-03-26 1938-08-09 Rca Corp Electron tube
US2179205A (en) * 1936-01-30 1939-11-07 Toulon Pierre Marie Gabriel Television receiving apparatus
US2289319A (en) * 1940-12-31 1942-07-07 Howard M Strobel Orientation high frequency generator
US2376707A (en) * 1941-04-05 1945-05-22 Robert E Mccoy Space discharge device
US2449558A (en) * 1945-12-14 1948-09-21 Harold H Lanier Cathode-ray tube
US2513742A (en) * 1947-08-08 1950-07-04 Pinciroli Andrea Oscillographic cathode-ray tube with cylindrical fluorescent screen
US2692532A (en) * 1951-04-04 1954-10-26 Chromatic Television Lab Inc Cathode ray focusing apparatus
US2721955A (en) * 1953-07-24 1955-10-25 Burroughs Corp Multi-position beam tube

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2179205A (en) * 1936-01-30 1939-11-07 Toulon Pierre Marie Gabriel Television receiving apparatus
US2126694A (en) * 1937-03-26 1938-08-09 Rca Corp Electron tube
US2289319A (en) * 1940-12-31 1942-07-07 Howard M Strobel Orientation high frequency generator
US2376707A (en) * 1941-04-05 1945-05-22 Robert E Mccoy Space discharge device
US2449558A (en) * 1945-12-14 1948-09-21 Harold H Lanier Cathode-ray tube
US2513742A (en) * 1947-08-08 1950-07-04 Pinciroli Andrea Oscillographic cathode-ray tube with cylindrical fluorescent screen
US2692532A (en) * 1951-04-04 1954-10-26 Chromatic Television Lab Inc Cathode ray focusing apparatus
US2721955A (en) * 1953-07-24 1955-10-25 Burroughs Corp Multi-position beam tube

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2322450A1 (fr) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-25 Rca Corp Dispositif a adressage par faisceaux electroniques plat
FR2322451A1 (fr) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-25 Rca Corp Dispositif d'affichage electronique plat
FR2325179A1 (fr) * 1975-09-22 1977-04-15 Rca Corp Dispositif de visualisation plat perfectionne
US4028582A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-06-07 Rca Corporation Guided beam flat display device
USRE30195E (en) * 1975-09-22 1980-01-15 Rca Corporation Guided beam flat display device
FR2350690A1 (fr) * 1976-05-03 1977-12-02 Rca Corp Dispositifs multiplicateurs d'electrons, notamment pour systemes d'affichage d'images cathodo-luminescentes
FR2353906A1 (fr) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-30 Rca Corp Dispositif d'affichage plat a faisceaux guides de type modulaire
FR2373154A1 (fr) * 1976-12-01 1978-06-30 Rca Corp Perfectionnements apportes aux dispositifs d'affichage electronique
FR2373871A1 (fr) * 1976-12-10 1978-07-07 Rca Corp Procede et dispositif d'affichage a panneau plat
FR2404884A1 (fr) * 1977-10-03 1979-04-27 Rca Corp Perfectionnements apportes aux dispositifs d'affichage electroniques a convergence de faisceaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1167897A (fr) 1958-12-02
DE1132583B (de) 1962-07-05
GB848009A (en) 1960-09-14
NL112151C (pl)
NL212598A (pl)

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