US2849522A - Electrical accumulators - Google Patents

Electrical accumulators Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2849522A
US2849522A US389817A US38981753A US2849522A US 2849522 A US2849522 A US 2849522A US 389817 A US389817 A US 389817A US 38981753 A US38981753 A US 38981753A US 2849522 A US2849522 A US 2849522A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
partitions
accumulator
cover
compartments
separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US389817A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Garine Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yardney International Corp
Original Assignee
Yardney International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yardney International Corp filed Critical Yardney International Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2849522A publication Critical patent/US2849522A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/281—Large cells or batteries with stacks of plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/429—Natural polymers
    • H01M50/4295—Natural cotton, cellulose or wood
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements on electrical accumulators. It particularly applies to accumulators in which at least one electrochemically active substance is in divided form; 'means having thus to be provided to preventsaid substance from wandering towards another active substance having a different polarity, which would result in internal short-circuits.
  • One object-of the invention is to provide an accumulator in which ione' active substance at least is ina divided for-m, and which is free of internal short-circuits, even after the cell has been in ⁇ use for a long period, thelife of said accumulator computed in cycles (successions of charges and discharges) being a very long one.
  • Another object of the invention is to'provide an accumulator having semi-permeable partitions or separa* tors, the manufacture ⁇ of which is extremely simple and liable to be executed along mass production lines, the various accumulators of said mass production being all high-grade units, without the necessity for taking special precautionary measures' andexcluding any rejects.
  • lt is also an object of the invention to provide an accumulator in which the container is to be utilized actually to almost the full of its capacity for the development of the electrochemical reactions, the power-weight ratio of the accumulator thus being a high one.
  • Another aim of the invention is to provide an ac# cumulat-or whose electrolyte can be renewed after a certain time in operation, thus improving the period in service of the cell.
  • the active substances having diierent polarities are contained in compartments separated the one from another by rigid or relatively rigid partitions, or walls or separators, allowing the electrochemical relations to take place, said partitions being joined with the container 'by means of a tight connection.
  • the independent compartments are ⁇ in communication with the atmosphere through independant conduits; the escaped gases, of different natures, are thus prevented to mix the one with another.
  • a separator consists of a semi-permeable sheet joined side by side with a rigid or relatively rigid support, perforated or not, of semiper-meable or not semi-permeable material.
  • Another feature of the invention yis the application, as separator, in'an accumulator ofthe above mentioned type and particularly in ay silver-zinc accumulator, of a plate or plaquette of wood or similar material.
  • this plate contributes to the creation and preservation of the internal pressure. It can be used alone, its thickness being so selected that the suitable degree ofV semi-permeability may be obtained.
  • the invention provides an embodiment in which a sheet of semi-permeable material, such as cellophane, is ilanked on either side by a plate or plaquette of wood.
  • one and/or the other active substance is not in effective contact with the sheet of semi-permeable material. This denitely-prevents the sheet of semi-permeable material from being attacked by one of the active substance and especiallyv silver, thus improving on the life of the accumulator.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an accumulator as per. the invention, the section fbeing parallel to a separator;
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the line 2 2 of Figure-1;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectionfalong the line 33Yof Figure 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figure 1, but for another embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a view from above, with the cover removed and some parts being broken away;
  • Fig. 6 is a section along the line 6 6 of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 7 shows a section through a separator, on a larger scale
  • Fig. 8 is a view similar to Figures 1 and 4, but for still another embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is a section along the line 9--9 of Figure 8.
  • Fig. l0 is a section along the line ⁇ 10-10 of Figure 8;
  • Fig. 11 is a view from above of the cover, on a smaller scale
  • Fig. 13 is a section along the line 13--13 of Figure 12-
  • Fig. 14 is a section lalong the line 14-14 of Figure 12;
  • Fig. is a perspective view of a constituent part of the accumulator as illustrated by Figures 12 to 14;
  • Fig. 16 shows another constituent part in perspective
  • Fig. 17 shows yet another part in perspective.
  • the accumulator with which the invention is concerned comprises a parallelepipedal container 20 made of plastic, consisting of large sides 21, 22, small vertical sides 23, 24 and of a bottom 25.
  • the vertical sides 21- 24 are made slightly thinner at their upper end in order to provide a rim 26 for supporting a cover 27 consisting of a plate of plastic having two perforated projections 28 and 28 for letting the electrical connections through, also a central nipple 30 which may be stopped up with a plug and whose section inside the container acts as a detlector, said central nipple being for the purpose of allowing the gases out and feeding the electrolyte in.
  • the cover bears two ribs 29 and 29', higher than the internal section of the central nipple 30, whose function will be explained later.
  • a strip or tape 31 of spongelike rubber, or similar material whose vertical sections 32 and 33 thus line the internal surface of the walls 23 and 24, while the horizontal section 34 lines the internal surface 35 of the bottom 25.
  • the ends of the tape 31 are fairly flush with the rim 26.
  • a number of rigid or relatively rigid partitions 37 placed in a parallel arrangement and made of a semi-permeable material or of a material which may be looked upon as semi-permeable when having a suitable thickness. The easiest arrangement is to make the partitions 37 out of wood.
  • the shape of these partitions is a fairly rectangular one, with the upper edge however possibly polygonal, as shown at 38.
  • the partitions 37 are larger in width than the distance between the opposed faces 39 and 40 of the tape 31, the difference in width being such that when introducing the partitions into the container, said partitions bring about an elastic deformation of the tape 31, with their vertical marginal part 40 going deep into the rubber or similar material, the depth to which the partitions thus penetrate possibly being a substantial proportion of the tapes thickness.
  • This develops a comparatively high compression stress between the tape of spongelike rubber and the partitions 37, said compression exerting itself not only against the edge 40 of a partition 37, but also between the marginal sections 43 and 44 of said partitions.
  • the partitions 37 thus delimit in the container a number of compartments 45 into which the active substance is fed, for example in turn cakes of zinc oxide in comminuted form and comminuted silver.
  • the conductors coming out of these cakes are tied together into bundles according to their polarities, in well known manner, both bundles being led out of the unit through the projections 28 and 28'.
  • the whole unit is impregnated with electrolyte, in this particular instance a concentrated watery solution of ziucate of potassium, and this simple arrangement gives an electrical accumulator With a long life in service, viz. one that may be subjected to a comparatively large number of cycles without losing its electrical qualities.
  • the container 50 is also of parallelepipedal shape, having small vertical outer walls 51, 52, large vertical walls 53 and 54 and a bottom 55; the upper edges of the vertical walls are made thinner, into a peripherie step 56 supporting a container 57.
  • a strip or tape 57' of spongelike rubber or of a similar material Inside the container 50 is arranged a strip or tape 57' of spongelike rubber or of a similar material, the vertical sections 58, 59 of which thus line the inside surfaces of the walls 51 and 52, while its middle section lines the inside surface of the bottom 5S.
  • a number of partitions 61 Inside the container are introduced a number of partitions 61, two of them in the specific example shown, whose width is such that they strongly compress the spongelike rubber, as described above, thus ensuring a good tightness between the various compartments, with regard to the wanderings of active substance, even in divided form.
  • a frame 63 made of plastic, in the general shape of a U,'consisting of two vertical branches 64 and 65 and of a horizontal section 66.
  • the upper end of the branches 64 and 65 is cut out, thus providing a step 67 supporting a compartment cover 68,-the latter having a hole 69 through which a connecting conductor is driven, also a hole 70 for the purpose of allowing the gases to escape.
  • the cover 68 is also shown arranged with a projecting part 71, the purpose of which is to facilitate the removal and setting in of the cover.
  • the frame 63 is anked on one side by an outer wall such as 54 and on the other side by a partition 61; as for intermediate compartments, the frame 63 is flanked on either side by a partition 61.
  • each partition 61 consists of two joined plaquettes of wood 72 and 73, or similar semi-permeable separator, rigid or relatively rigid, between which is inserted one or several sheets of a semipermeable material 74, such as cellophane.
  • a semipermeable material 74 such as cellophane.
  • On the cover 57 are two connecting terminals 75 and 76 which accommodate the conductors coming respectively from the positive or negative compartments.
  • the cover is also provided with a channel 77 for the purpose of letting the gases out and lling the electrolyte in, said channel being bored through a projection 78 ending in a chamber 79 which can be capped with a stopper 80 provided with an opening 81.
  • the cover is provided with two ribs 82 and 83, for instance molded-on ribs, slightly higher than the projection 78, in order to rest on the upper edges 84 of the partitions 61, thus keeping the partitions lower edges 85 tightly pressed against section 60 of the spongelike rubber; this ensures a continuous impervious belt al1 around each compartment.
  • the container is of parallelepipedal shape, being enclosed by vertical walls 101, 102 and 103, 104.
  • the partitions are placed in the mold prior to molding the plastic, so that after molding the vertical edges 106 and 107 of said partitions, as well as their lower edge 108, are sunk in said plastic, thus achieving without further process the necessary degree of tightness between the compartments they delimit.
  • a tape 109 of spongelike rubber or similar material may be inserted as indicated on the figure, so that it should cooperate with both the vertical and lower edges of the partitions 105.
  • the walls 101-104 are provided with steps, thus constituting peipheric resting surfaces 112 for covers 113, each cover corresponding to a specific compartment.
  • Each cover is provided with a nipple 114 for the purpose of providing outlets to let lthe connecting conductors through, also with a central perforated projection 116 enclosing a chamber 117 and serving as a vent tube for the covered compartment; the upper part 118 of the projection goes through an overall lid or cover 120, the latter being provided with holes through which are inserted the upper sections 121 of the parts 118; as a result, each compartment is independently connected with the outer atmosphere.
  • the cover is provided with two projecting parts 122 and 123 for the purpose of letting the connecting conductors through. At its periphery, the cover rests on a step 124 at the upper ends of the vertical walls.
  • the accumulator comprises a parallelepipedal container having two small vertical walls 151 and 152, and two large walls 153 and 154, which are made thinner at the top, thus forming a step 155 on which rests an overall cover plate 156.
  • a member 157 (Fig. 15) made of plastic and consisting of a bottom 149 and of two peripheric ribs 158 and 159; against the ribs is applied a frame 160 (Fig. 16) made of spongelike rubber or of a similar material, in the shape of a U, consisting of two vertical branches 161 and 162 and a bottom part 163.
  • a partition or separator 164 consisting of two wooden plaquettes 165 and 166 between which are inserted one or several sheets of a semi-permeable material 167.
  • the partition 164 comes another rubber frame 160 identical with the frame 160; on the other side of frame 160 is arranged a spacing member 168 in the shape of a U (Fig. 17), made of plastic and having two vertical branches 169 and 170 and a bottom 171.
  • this spacing member comes another frame of rubber 160 after which comes a partition 164' etc.
  • the whole arrangement thus made up and kept under pressure is introduced into the container, thus obtaining several compartments 172 which are impervious in relation to one another with regard to the wanderings of active substance.
  • Each compartment is sealed by its own cover 173 resting on steps 174 and 175 provided at the top of the members 157 and 168; through each cover 173 is bored a hole 176 for the purpose of letting the conductor through, also a hole 17'7 for allowing the gases to escape.
  • a casing having a bottom and sides, rigid electrolyte-syvellable inter-electrode separator means dividing said casing into separate electrode compartments, and resilient retaining means secured to said casing along the bottom and sides thereof, said retaining means yieldably engaging said separator means along the lower and lateral edges thereof, thereby forming a continuous seal along said edges while enabling swelling of said separator means.
  • a casing rigid electrolyte-swellable inter-electrode separator members dividing the casing into a plurality of separate electrode compartments, a strip of resilient material extending along the edges of each separator member, means including said resilient strip for positioning and sealing the lower and lateral edges of each separator member in said casing, and an individual cover for each of said compartments, the upper edges of said separator members being held in position by pressure exerted upon it by the respective covers via said resilient strip, thereby providing substantially sealed compartments.
  • a casing having a bottom and sides, rigid electrolyte-swellable interelectrode separator means dividing said casing into separate electrode compartments, covering means substantially isolating said compartments from one another and from the outside, and resilient retaining means secured to said casing along the bottom and sides thereof, said retaining means yieldably engaging said separator means along the lower and lateral edges thereof, thereby forming a continuous seal along said edges while enabling swelling of said separator means.
  • said covering means includes individual covers for said compartments, said covers being provided with individual vents for gases escaping from said compartments, and a lid overlying said covers, said lid having pores aligned with the vents in said covers.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US389817A 1952-11-11 1953-11-02 Electrical accumulators Expired - Lifetime US2849522A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH783958X 1952-11-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2849522A true US2849522A (en) 1958-08-26

Family

ID=4536431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US389817A Expired - Lifetime US2849522A (en) 1952-11-11 1953-11-02 Electrical accumulators

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2849522A (fr)
CH (1) CH305834A (fr)
FR (1) FR1088995A (fr)
GB (1) GB783958A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094438A (en) * 1960-02-25 1963-06-18 Union Carbide Corp Multi-plate galvanic cell

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2072934A (en) * 1979-10-08 1981-10-07 Chloride Group Ltd Electric storage batteries

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1088210A (en) * 1912-05-27 1914-02-24 Jasper N Davis Storage-battery insulation.
US1419396A (en) * 1920-05-25 1922-06-13 Frederick G Manwaring Storage battery
US1691794A (en) * 1925-09-30 1928-11-13 Woodbridge Joseph Lester Storage battery
US1712822A (en) * 1925-08-15 1929-05-14 Hebbeler George William Battery
US1884071A (en) * 1927-01-11 1932-10-25 Bosch Robert Electric storage battery
US1902267A (en) * 1928-04-24 1933-03-21 Wubco Battery Corp Storage battery separator
US2511887A (en) * 1950-06-20 Battery separator
US2585564A (en) * 1943-08-25 1952-02-12 Lubeck Carl Hilding Ossian Closure for tanks containing battery cells
US2594710A (en) * 1946-04-11 1952-04-29 Yardney International Corp Zinc-silver accumulator
US2610219A (en) * 1950-04-04 1952-09-09 Yardney International Corp Rechargeable battery
US2654794A (en) * 1949-12-15 1953-10-06 Soc D Accumulateurs Elbric S A Sealed storage cell and battery and method of manufacturing the same
US2704781A (en) * 1953-11-02 1955-03-22 Electrocell Corp Storage batteries

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2511887A (en) * 1950-06-20 Battery separator
US1088210A (en) * 1912-05-27 1914-02-24 Jasper N Davis Storage-battery insulation.
US1419396A (en) * 1920-05-25 1922-06-13 Frederick G Manwaring Storage battery
US1712822A (en) * 1925-08-15 1929-05-14 Hebbeler George William Battery
US1691794A (en) * 1925-09-30 1928-11-13 Woodbridge Joseph Lester Storage battery
US1884071A (en) * 1927-01-11 1932-10-25 Bosch Robert Electric storage battery
US1902267A (en) * 1928-04-24 1933-03-21 Wubco Battery Corp Storage battery separator
US2585564A (en) * 1943-08-25 1952-02-12 Lubeck Carl Hilding Ossian Closure for tanks containing battery cells
US2594710A (en) * 1946-04-11 1952-04-29 Yardney International Corp Zinc-silver accumulator
US2654794A (en) * 1949-12-15 1953-10-06 Soc D Accumulateurs Elbric S A Sealed storage cell and battery and method of manufacturing the same
US2610219A (en) * 1950-04-04 1952-09-09 Yardney International Corp Rechargeable battery
US2704781A (en) * 1953-11-02 1955-03-22 Electrocell Corp Storage batteries

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094438A (en) * 1960-02-25 1963-06-18 Union Carbide Corp Multi-plate galvanic cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB783958A (en) 1957-10-02
FR1088995A (fr) 1955-03-14
CH305834A (fr) 1955-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2594709A (en) Silver and zinc accumulator with insoluble negative electrode and invariable electrolyte
US4576879A (en) Sealed lead acid battery
KR950002102A (ko) 이극 납-산 배터리의 조립 방법 및 그 이극 배터리
FI855096A0 (fi) Ackumulator.
US3795543A (en) Bi-polar lead-acid storage battery
US2966538A (en) Plastic encased flat dry battery stack with means to prevent peripheral electrolyte creep
US4209575A (en) Multi-cell batteries
US4331747A (en) Electric storage batteries
US2942053A (en) Electric battery
US2941022A (en) Hermetically sealed nickel-cadmium storage battery
US2851511A (en) Electrode assembly and method of making same
US2849522A (en) Electrical accumulators
US3102058A (en) Inert voltaic batteries
US3369937A (en) Multiple plate battery construction
JPS6144382B2 (fr)
US3522104A (en) Battery gaskets
US3726717A (en) Flat cell battery and method of making
US4530153A (en) Manufacturing recombination electric storage cells
GB940592A (en) Improvements relating to electric cells and batteries
GB1256645A (fr)
US2713080A (en) Battery and filling arrangement therefor
US2704781A (en) Storage batteries
US2840624A (en) Multi-cell electric batteries
US3713895A (en) Multicell battery having membrane sealed between cover and container
US2653179A (en) Primary battery and method of making the same