US2845866A - Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof - Google Patents

Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US2845866A
US2845866A US476488A US47648854A US2845866A US 2845866 A US2845866 A US 2845866A US 476488 A US476488 A US 476488A US 47648854 A US47648854 A US 47648854A US 2845866 A US2845866 A US 2845866A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuse
detonator
projectile
support
acceleration
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Expired - Lifetime
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US476488A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jasse Joseph Raymond
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOUVELLE des Ets BRANDT Ste
BRANDT SOC NOUV ETS
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BRANDT SOC NOUV ETS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to'self-propelled projectiles or:-ro'ckets and like machines which when launched ice the fuse in its armed condition, thati d upon impact; 1
  • Fig.. 4 is a side elevational'view of a movable sleeve which forms part of the arming device fortherocket;
  • Fig. is a longitudinal sectional viewshowingvthe j" 7 forward part of a projectile having a hollow change and.
  • il 2 or fired are subjected to a relatively small acceleration comprised for example' between .20 g and 150 g, g being the accelera'tion of gravity, for a certain lapse of tlme corresponding toa: travel of at least about 50 metres from 'the-launching-apparatus:
  • a fuse of the type having a firing pin and a'detonator' support which are capable ofrelative motion, and which comprises in combination with the firing pin and the detonatorsupport: aretractablespacer device which is adapted to be interposed in its operative position between two support. surfaces,-one of which is provided on the firing .pin and the other on the detonator support, for maintaining these elements-separated from one another at rest and when. launching or firing while the acceleration of the projectilelexceeds: aminimum'safety value, which in the. ex treme case: may be zero, this 'device being automatically retracted when. the acceleration.
  • a lock for maintaining the spacer device "in operative position and-an armin'g device for automatically retract ing 'saidlock when'the fuse is subjected to anacceleratio'nwhich exceeds said minimum value and has suchv duration that it couldnot occur during handling or during' an accidental; fall of the projectile provided with the fusej".
  • Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional'view'of another van-- aprojectilehavingahollow charge
  • Fig. 8 is a similar partial sectional view of a variant; of the fuse intended for.a projectilewhosestarting acceleration is low, and i Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional 7
  • the fuse ofthe invention comprises Ia cylindro-ogivalf bodyl provided with a screw-threaded porti0n'2'permit-' ant of the fuse which is more particularly adaptedlfor;
  • a L'Ihe body 1 is provided with a throughwayaperture along its longitudinal axis XX ands'crew threadedlycn-l gaged at 6 at the forward end of this body, with respect I to the direction of flight of the projectile, is a-guide 7 I for guiding a percussion device.
  • a' returns 15 which bears against a rear shoulder'1'6 of the-guide 7 and furthermore against an inner flange 17 formed in the member 8.
  • This spring 115 tends to urge the'ipercus sion device into the position shown in Figijl so that a'' I flange 18 formed on the firing pin 11 encounters in the direction from the rear to the forwardend of the pro jectile, with respect to the direction of flight,the rear face of the guide member 7.
  • the detonator support 19 maintain a certain distance a between the point 12 of the firing pin and the primer 28.
  • This spacerdevice comprises a number of balls 30 ofsteel-or similar mate- I vrial disposed in the annular space formedmjaround thei' 21,s4s,s e;+ P en A gsi s g pring l:
  • inertia tends to'apply the balls 30 on the rear seating or face 32.
  • These balls may be expelled orurged outwardly in two possible ways, depending on whether the projectile provided with the fuse is gyroscopically stabilized (in which case the .unit rotates about the longitudinal axis of the'projecticle and the fuse) or non-gyroscopically stabilized by means of fins. These two cases will be examined in turn.”
  • This value must be so selected that, when it is attained, the projecticle has already travelled a distance for example greater than'50 metres from the muzzle, which is suflicient for ensuring that the operators of the launching deviceare safe from any premature explosion of the projecticle;
  • theYballs '30 are capable of leaving their seating only when the acceleration 'of the projecticle has dropped to zero and the following period of deceleration has commenced at the end of thecombustion of the propelling charge.
  • the balls are then subjected to the action of inertia which tends to project them forwardly against the front conical surface 31 which, owing to its shape, throws them outwardly.
  • This locking screen comprises a tube 33 which is slidably mounted on the guide 7 of the percussiondevice and is disposed around the detonator support 19. It is'urgedforwardly to the position shown in Fig. 1, where it'screens off the'housing for the balls, by the action of a spring 34 which bears against the flange 20 of the detonator support 19 and against a flange 35 formed on the tube 33. The latter bears, by way of this flange 35, in the forward direction against a front flange 36 formed on a cylindrical sleeve 37.
  • This sleeve which forms the main member of the arming device of the fuse, is slidable in the bore 38 of the body 1 of the fuse, this bore being itself cylindrical. It comprises on its outer face two diametrally opposed grooves 39 having a zig-zag shape. The longitudinal sides of each of these grooves comprises a series of semicircular notches, the latter being staggered from one side of the groove to the other. In each of these grooves 39 extends a locking pin or finger 40 carried by the body 1 of the fuse:(Fig. l).
  • the sleeve 37 includes along its entire peripheryra notch forming a shoulder 41 which faces forwardly and is adapted to co-operate with the yieldable or resilient retaining elements formed by strips or blades formed up from a cup 43 which bears against the front face of the rear ring 23. These blades are inclined towards the axis'of the projecticle so as to hook onto the sleeve'37;when the latter, under the action of inertia, is brought into the rear position shown in Fig. 3.
  • the weights of the sleeve- 37 and the tube 33 and the strengthof thespring 34 are such that the sleeve 37-- can assume the position shown in Fig. 3 (displacing the screen 33 and compressing the spring 34) only when the fuse is subjected to an acceleration of finite value and of such duration that it is impossible to obtain in the course the worst conditions of handling, for example when the projectile receives a blow or accidently falls.
  • the inertia of these elements due to a blow at the highest velocity encountered in accidentallyfalling is insufficient to obtain a position permitting the tube 33 to unscreen the housing of the balls 30.
  • the fuse At rest, before firing or launching the projectile, the fuse is in the position shown in Fig. 1, the balls 30 disposed between thesurfaces 31 and 32 holding the point 12 of the firing pin away form the primer 28. These balls are held'in their housing by the locking screen 33 which is itself held in its forward position or operative position by the spring 34. The latter also holds the sleeve 37 or the arming device in its forward position. Each pin is disposed for example in the position shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 at the rear of the correspondinggroove 39.
  • the resultant relatively high longitudinal acceleration (30 g to g for example) causes the sleeve 37 to move rearwardly owingto its inertia, at such velocity that the grooves 39 are capable of passing by the pins 40 without jarring and without rebounding onto the latter.
  • the sleeve 37 is moved in the direction of arrow f relative to the fixed pin 40 and enters into the contact with the latter at thepoint m and thereafter the sleeve continues to move rearwardly' while rotating about its own axis in the direction of arrow f 'so that theportion m n of the groove slidesover the pin 40.
  • the percussion device and the detonator support are brought together when the percussion device is urged rear-- wardly relative to the projectile if the latter attains the target by its noseor head 9, this head compressing the rubber ring 14 and thus causing the firing pin 11 to move rearwardly. Furthermore, the percussion device and the detonator support are urged together in any case, even if the projectile does not attain the target by its head 9, under the action of inertia which projects the detonator support 19 forwardly so that finally the distance a! is traversed and the point 12-of thefiring pin strikes the primer 28 and thus fires the detonator which in turn ignites the explosive charge of the projectile.
  • Fig. 5 shows the fuse F of the foregoing example in position on the front part of a self-propelled rocket having a hollow charge.
  • This hollow charge 43 terminates at the forward end in a conical recess 44 and thus forms at 44 the usual hollow charge cavity.
  • This cavity is of course of sufficient size to permit an unhindered rearward displacement of the detonator support 19 in the event of a blow being receive before the fuse is armed.
  • the hollow charge comprises at the end of a bore 46 extending the funnel 44 a secondary detonator 47 which is adapted to be ignited by the fuse detonator F.
  • FIG. 6 A variant of the fuse has been shown in Fig. 6 this variant being adapted to operate simply under the eifect of inertia, the firing pin being fixed.
  • This firing pin 11 including its point 12 is integral with the portion 7 which is directly threadedly engaged at 6 in the body 1 of the fuse.
  • auxiliary'detonator 50 s'ervesas'a .us'enil'j 6 causes the detonator support 19 to move forwardly under the effect of the impact.
  • the portion 7 of the firingfpinf support is preferably hollowed outat 7?
  • Fig. 7 shows a variant of the fuse in posit v rocket not having a hollow charge.
  • the front portion the ogive is seen at 48, this being filled around the 'fuse i withthe powder charge'49; v n
  • the front part of the fuse is identical tothatj of'tl first example'and it diifers'therefrom] only 'in that the? rear support ring 23 is replaced by'a longmetnber 23? at the rear end of which is threadedly engaged'tlie auxiliary detonator 50.
  • the element 23 constitutes an e tension which allows the free rearward movement or re coil, after rupture of the rear abutment ring.
  • Extension 23 should be long enough to avoid that the detonator support should rebound fromthe rear of said extension, which could .bring the detonator back against the firing pin.
  • the flajnisi'fr j detonator26-Q-27 may not be sufficient tofire'thenseful and necessaryrelay to avoidjmisfiring, j Q 4
  • Thev fuse and its extension 23) and. the ..'auxil' natoi' 50 arehoused in a SealingQtub'eSIff i ,n
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 relate to a variant of the fuse more particularly suitable for a grou ndatta intended exclusively for fighting tanks.
  • Injth' rocket the launching acceleration is low an 7 order of 30 g, since 'the' re'qiiiredvelocity less.
  • the maximum accelera'tionof thefuse is redu d' obvious that that arming de'vice mnsjt' opelra lower acceleration, forexample 15 g.
  • acceleration. for operation ofv the arming Y dling he fuse is relatively precarious.
  • a safety pin is provided which is adapted to immobilize this sleeve 37 until required.
  • This 'pin comprises the end 52 of a spring 53 whose shape in plan is shown in Fig. 9.
  • This spring 53 is engaged in an outer groove 54 of the ogive 55 of the fuse and the end 52 of the spring extends radially through said ogive and enters an aperture 56 formed in the sleeve 37'".
  • the pin 52 Before launching or firing the projectile, the pin 52 is of course withdrawn. From this momentthe fuse behaves in the same way as the fuses of the preceding ex amples except that the detonator support 19* bears directly on the body 57 of the projectile on an inner unbreakable flange forming rear abutment. In this case the unit comprising the detonator support and the percussion device separated by the balls 30 is incapable of displacement, since there is no rear abutment capable of rupturing, such as the washer 21 of the preceding examples (Fig. l). The rupture of this washer is replaced in the present example, shown in Fig. 8, by a rupture of the rear part of the detonator support 19.
  • the wall of this part is made very thin from r to s so that when a blow is received prior to arming, the thrust bustion .of the propelling charge of theprojectilel when. thislfuse'. strikes a hard obstacle such as armour plating.
  • This velocity must of course begreater than the maximum velocity developedwhen the projectile. accidentally falls so as to ensure that it, is safe. to handle.
  • the detonatingmass in such manner as to obtain a force of inertia which is capable of cansing the balls: to embed. themselves sufficiently in their seating. This may be, accomplished, even if a fragile rear abutment such as, the washer 21 shownv in, Fig. l or a breakable column such as, the portionrs of the detonator support 19 shown in Fig. 8 is used.
  • the detonator support might for example bemade of brass composed of 60% copper and 40% zinc.
  • a departure acceleration comprising in combination; a hollow fuse body, and" disposed in.
  • said body an inner rear abutment secured to said body, a detonator support bearing against saidv abutment, a detonator held on the, forward end of said detonator support; a spacer device bearing rearwardly against said detonator support and. automatically retractable when. said acceleration dropsto a minimum safety value which infthe extreme case, may be zero, whereby said fuse be.-
  • a fuse as claimed in claim 2 further comprising at the rear of said fuse body, a hollow extension for receiving said detonator support and said, detonator when they move rearwardly after'breakage of said rear abutment, said extension extending substantially entirely rearwardly of said rear abutment; and a second detonator attached totherear end of said extension, and relaying thefiames from the detonator held on the. forward end of said, detonator support, to the useful charge of said projectile upon normal percussions of said projectile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US476488A 1953-12-24 1954-12-20 Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof Expired - Lifetime US2845866A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1096650T 1953-12-24

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US2845866A true US2845866A (en) 1958-08-05

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US476488A Expired - Lifetime US2845866A (en) 1953-12-24 1954-12-20 Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof

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US (1) US2845866A (en))
BE (1) BE533457A (en))
CH (1) CH324218A (en))
FR (1) FR1096650A (en))
GB (1) GB760905A (en))
NL (2) NL239855A (en))

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US2951444A (en) * 1958-09-12 1960-09-06 Jr Clayton E Hunt Fuze arming and safety mechanism
US3106893A (en) * 1961-02-02 1963-10-15 Energa Percussion fuze for projectiles
US3119337A (en) * 1958-08-12 1964-01-28 Przychowski Siegfried Duni Von Percussion fuze, particularly for unrifled shells, primarily hollowcharge shells
US3426683A (en) * 1966-07-20 1969-02-11 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Star shell
US4212245A (en) * 1977-12-02 1980-07-15 Sarmac S.A. Bottom fuse
US4320706A (en) * 1978-12-22 1982-03-23 Sarmac S.A. Percussion head fuse for an explosive projectile
US4421031A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-12-20 Pocal Industries, Inc. Percussion fuse for training projectiles
WO1999051934A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Special Cartridge Company Limited Safety system for a projectile fuse
US6604467B2 (en) 1998-04-03 2003-08-12 Michael Alculumbre Safety system for a projectile fuse

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562054A (en) * 1924-08-05 1925-11-17 Remondy Leon Emile Fuse for projectiles
US1900790A (en) * 1930-07-25 1933-03-07 Brandt Edgar William Grenade
US1944780A (en) * 1931-11-30 1934-01-23 Brandt Edgar William Percussion fuse of high sensitivity
US2145507A (en) * 1936-12-31 1939-01-31 Sageb Sa De Gestion Et De Expl Percussion fuse for rocketprojectiles
US2595757A (en) * 1946-11-02 1952-05-06 Energa Fuse

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562054A (en) * 1924-08-05 1925-11-17 Remondy Leon Emile Fuse for projectiles
US1900790A (en) * 1930-07-25 1933-03-07 Brandt Edgar William Grenade
US1944780A (en) * 1931-11-30 1934-01-23 Brandt Edgar William Percussion fuse of high sensitivity
US2145507A (en) * 1936-12-31 1939-01-31 Sageb Sa De Gestion Et De Expl Percussion fuse for rocketprojectiles
US2595757A (en) * 1946-11-02 1952-05-06 Energa Fuse

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US3119337A (en) * 1958-08-12 1964-01-28 Przychowski Siegfried Duni Von Percussion fuze, particularly for unrifled shells, primarily hollowcharge shells
US2951444A (en) * 1958-09-12 1960-09-06 Jr Clayton E Hunt Fuze arming and safety mechanism
US3106893A (en) * 1961-02-02 1963-10-15 Energa Percussion fuze for projectiles
US3426683A (en) * 1966-07-20 1969-02-11 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Star shell
US4212245A (en) * 1977-12-02 1980-07-15 Sarmac S.A. Bottom fuse
US4320706A (en) * 1978-12-22 1982-03-23 Sarmac S.A. Percussion head fuse for an explosive projectile
US4421031A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-12-20 Pocal Industries, Inc. Percussion fuse for training projectiles
WO1999051934A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Special Cartridge Company Limited Safety system for a projectile fuse
US6604467B2 (en) 1998-04-03 2003-08-12 Michael Alculumbre Safety system for a projectile fuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1096650A (fr) 1955-06-22
NL239855A (en))
NL97798C (en))
GB760905A (en) 1956-11-07
BE533457A (en))
CH324218A (fr) 1957-09-15

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