US2845253A - Heating or cooling buildings - Google Patents

Heating or cooling buildings Download PDF

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US2845253A
US2845253A US496510A US49651055A US2845253A US 2845253 A US2845253 A US 2845253A US 496510 A US496510 A US 496510A US 49651055 A US49651055 A US 49651055A US 2845253 A US2845253 A US 2845253A
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heating
wall
room
convector
air
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US496510A
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Runte Egon
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • F28F1/045—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular with assemblies of stacked elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for heating or cooling buildings and consists essentially in that heating elements in the form of convector-s or radiators or both types are arranged on walls, ceilings, along ceiling or floor edges behind screenings, air inlets and outlets being to cause air currents to circulate within the range of the heating elements and screenings.
  • Fig. l shows my invention as applied to the heating of a wall ⁇ of a room
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show details of convector modifications
  • Figs. 4 and 5 represent a flat-tube radiator designed as a heating wall
  • Figs. 6 to 8 are diierent arrangements of the heating wall according to'Figs. 4 and 5;
  • Fig. 9 shows the combination of a convector with a heating wall as structural unit.
  • Convection radiators for room heating have hitherto as a rule been mounted on a room wall at a slight distance from the floor. This arrangement of the heating entails serious drawbacks in the heating effect. Such arranged convection radiators will by up-draft produce and air current, draw the colder heavy room air along the floor and bring about circulation causing this room air to move at occupant level. The air movement, however, draws dust with it and one feels dry air, a cornmon objection made to conventional central heating devices. This phenomenon is particularly assisted by the fact that the oor edges beneath the radiator are often very dusty.
  • a warming of the floor will not be obtained by the air current, but only by heat radiation from the room ceiling, and the air current itself causes a ventilation effect on the person with corresponding withdrawal of heat.
  • a warm air current is caused to sweep across a surface 37 at occupant level.
  • the surface is warmed by heat transfer from the air, and it in turn heats the room by radiation.
  • the convector 3S is heated by any suitable thermal source, for example electric or liquid media means, and the air is warmed and led to the surface 37 by means of the screen 39 so that warm air will pass across it.
  • the surface warmed by heat transfer from the air radiates heat into the room and warms it.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the structure of a convector in its details, as may be used with advantage in the examples.
  • the items 40, 41 and 42 are superimposed rectangular tubes, and members 43 and 44 are corrugated sheets serv- I United States Patent O ing as air channels and are spot-welded electrically to said tubes at the crossed points. 45 indicates a collector interconnecting the tubes 40, 41, 42 and fitted with a connecting branch 46.
  • radiator designed as a flat heating wall and characterized in that the ilat tubes 47, set on edge to each other and carrying the heating medium, open into vertical tubes 48.
  • the connecting branch to the heating wall is designated 49, and 50 marks a separation of the vertical tube 48 to ensure circulation of the heating fluid.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate different arrangements of the heating wall in the room, 51 designating the heating walls, 52 designating the insulating plates, and 53 designating the attaching means for securing the heating walls to the room surfaces.
  • the back of the heating Wall may also be formed by an insulating plate adapted to prevent heat dissipation from the heating wall to the rear.
  • Two or more such heating walls may be disposed parallel to each other and in spaced relationship, so that the foremost one dissipates heat into the room by radiation, while the rear assists in a chimney action which causes air convection.
  • a preferred arrangement of the heating wall consists also in that the same is arranged parallel to a plate of heatinsulating material and at a distance away from it.
  • heating wall warms by radiation the surface of the insulating plate, which, together with the heating wall, causes air convection
  • the purpose of the insulating plate is to effect at the same time a reduced penetration of heat into the wall located behind it. To this effect the wall has also the insulating plate mounted at a distance therefrom.
  • Another preferred arrangement of the heating Wall is that parallel to the room ceiling and at a distance therefrom so that its front radiates into the room, and the rear wall warms the ceiling surface by radiation. In the space between heating wall and ceiling, a movement ⁇ of air will be produced which in turn serves to warm the ceiling.
  • an insulating plate is arranged appropriately between heating Wall and room ceiling.
  • an embodiment for ceiling heating may also be provided by means of heaters in the upper half of the room underneath the ceiling, which embodiment is characterized by the arrangement of said heaters with respect to the surfaces of greatest cooling for producing a higher ceiling temperature in the neighborhood of these surfaces than in the middle of the ceiling.
  • a heater which consists in a combination of a convector 54 with a flattube radiator 55 as heating wall.
  • the convector and the heating plate can be passed through by a heating fluid which warms both the convector and the plate.
  • a preferred effect of the heater consists in that the plate 55 serves not only for screening the convector 54, but also for forming a shaft for the convection effect of the convector.
  • the plate is preferably constituted by at tubes lying one over the other and opening at their ends into collectors 56 for the heating medium.
  • the supply of the heating medium to the convector may take place through the same collectors.
  • the design of the convector may preferably be such as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the heater 54, 55 is mounted on a room wall W, the plate 55 forming together with the room wall an air shaft contributing to the convection effect of the convector 54.
  • the unit 54, 55, 56 may advantageously also consist in that the heating wall 55, 56, whose flat tubes are passed through by a medium, includes lamellae directly welded thereon such as shown for instance in Fig. 3 at 43, 44.
  • the lamellae are thereby only arranged on one side of the plate or wall 55, S6, i. e. on the side facing the room wall.
  • the lamellae are moreover preferably arranged on a portion of the heating wall 55, 56, i. e. in the lower portion thereof.
  • Apparatus for conducting temperature-modifying fluids for the heating or cooling of a room having a flat wall surface and a floor surface comprising a heating panel arranged parallel to and spaced from the wall surface, said heating panel consisting of a plurality of horizontal tubes of rectangular cross-section arranged in side-byside superposed aligned relationship with the shorter sides of adjacent tubes being contiguous, said tubes lying in a vertical plane parallel to and spaced from said room Wall surface, the lower edge of said heating panel being spaced from said floor surface, and a vertical collector tube arranged at each end of and in communication with said at tubes; and a horizontal convector positioned intermediate said heating panel and its associated Wall surface and being in communication with said vertical colf lector tubes, said convector having a vertical dimension which is less than the vertical dimension of said heating panel and being positioned vertically intermediate the upper and lower ends thereof, said convector consisting of a plurality of horizontal tubes of rectangular crosssection arranged in side-by-side superposed aligned relationship in a vertical plane with the shorter sides of adjacent

Description

lJuly 29,. 1958-v E. RUNTE HEATING 0R' COOLING BUILDINGS Filed March 24, 1955 Fig. sv Figi 7' HEATING R COOLING BUILDINGS Egon Runte, Neuchatel, Switzerland Application March 24, 1955, Serial No. 496,510
Claims priority9 application Switzerland May 12, 1954 1 Claim. (Cl. 257-136) The present invention relates to an arrangement for heating or cooling buildings and consists essentially in that heating elements in the form of convector-s or radiators or both types are arranged on walls, ceilings, along ceiling or floor edges behind screenings, air inlets and outlets being to cause air currents to circulate within the range of the heating elements and screenings.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the claim and the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which illustrates by way of example some preferred forms of embodiment incorporating the inventive concept.
Fig. l shows my invention as applied to the heating of a wall `of a room;
Figs. 2 and 3 show details of convector modifications;
Figs. 4 and 5 represent a flat-tube radiator designed as a heating wall;
Figs. 6 to 8 are diierent arrangements of the heating wall according to'Figs. 4 and 5;
Fig. 9 shows the combination of a convector with a heating wall as structural unit.
Convection radiators for room heating have hitherto as a rule been mounted on a room wall at a slight distance from the floor. This arrangement of the heating entails serious drawbacks in the heating effect. Such arranged convection radiators will by up-draft produce and air current, draw the colder heavy room air along the floor and bring about circulation causing this room air to move at occupant level. The air movement, however, draws dust with it and one feels dry air, a cornmon objection made to conventional central heating devices. This phenomenon is particularly assisted by the fact that the oor edges beneath the radiator are often very dusty.
A warming of the floor will not be obtained by the air current, but only by heat radiation from the room ceiling, and the air current itself causes a ventilation effect on the person with corresponding withdrawal of heat. Summarizing, it may be stated that the arrangement of radiators on the wall at a slight distance from the floor is objectionable both from the point of view of heat technology as well as from the hygienic one, if there is a convection producer.
According to the embodiment as in Fig. l, a warm air current is caused to sweep across a surface 37 at occupant level. The surface is warmed by heat transfer from the air, and it in turn heats the room by radiation.
The convector 3S is heated by any suitable thermal source, for example electric or liquid media means, and the air is warmed and led to the surface 37 by means of the screen 39 so that warm air will pass across it. The surface warmed by heat transfer from the air radiates heat into the room and warms it.
Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the structure of a convector in its details, as may be used with advantage in the examples.
The items 40, 41 and 42 are superimposed rectangular tubes, and members 43 and 44 are corrugated sheets serv- I United States Patent O ing as air channels and are spot-welded electrically to said tubes at the crossed points. 45 indicates a collector interconnecting the tubes 40, 41, 42 and fitted with a connecting branch 46.
In the embodiment as in Figs. 4 and 5 there is a radiator designed as a flat heating wall and characterized in that the ilat tubes 47, set on edge to each other and carrying the heating medium, open into vertical tubes 48. The connecting branch to the heating wall is designated 49, and 50 marks a separation of the vertical tube 48 to ensure circulation of the heating fluid.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate different arrangements of the heating wall in the room, 51 designating the heating walls, 52 designating the insulating plates, and 53 designating the attaching means for securing the heating walls to the room surfaces. n i
The back of the heating Wall may also be formed by an insulating plate adapted to prevent heat dissipation from the heating wall to the rear. Two or more such heating walls may be disposed parallel to each other and in spaced relationship, so that the foremost one dissipates heat into the room by radiation, while the rear assists in a chimney action which causes air convection. A preferred arrangement of the heating wall consists also in that the same is arranged parallel to a plate of heatinsulating material and at a distance away from it. The
heating wall warms by radiation the surface of the insulating plate, which, together with the heating wall, causes air convection, The purpose of the insulating plate is to effect at the same time a reduced penetration of heat into the wall located behind it. To this effect the wall has also the insulating plate mounted at a distance therefrom. Another preferred arrangement of the heating Wall is that parallel to the room ceiling and at a distance therefrom so that its front radiates into the room, and the rear wall warms the ceiling surface by radiation. In the space between heating wall and ceiling, a movement `of air will be produced which in turn serves to warm the ceiling. In this application an insulating plate is arranged appropriately between heating Wall and room ceiling.
Further, an embodiment for ceiling heating may also be provided by means of heaters in the upper half of the room underneath the ceiling, which embodiment is characterized by the arrangement of said heaters with respect to the surfaces of greatest cooling for producing a higher ceiling temperature in the neighborhood of these surfaces than in the middle of the ceiling.
According to the preferred embodiment of my invention disclosed in Fig. 9, a heater is provided which consists in a combination of a convector 54 with a flattube radiator 55 as heating wall. The convector and the heating plate can be passed through by a heating fluid which warms both the convector and the plate. A preferred effect of the heater consists in that the plate 55 serves not only for screening the convector 54, but also for forming a shaft for the convection effect of the convector. The plate is preferably constituted by at tubes lying one over the other and opening at their ends into collectors 56 for the heating medium. The supply of the heating medium to the convector may take place through the same collectors. The design of the convector may preferably be such as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. The heater 54, 55 is mounted on a room wall W, the plate 55 forming together with the room wall an air shaft contributing to the convection effect of the convector 54.
The unit 54, 55, 56 may advantageously also consist in that the heating wall 55, 56, whose flat tubes are passed through by a medium, includes lamellae directly welded thereon such as shown for instance in Fig. 3 at 43, 44. The lamellae are thereby only arranged on one side of the plate or wall 55, S6, i. e. on the side facing the room wall. The lamellae are moreover preferably arranged on a portion of the heating wall 55, 56, i. e. in the lower portion thereof.
What I claim is:
Apparatus for conducting temperature-modifying fluids for the heating or cooling of a room having a flat wall surface and a floor surface comprising a heating panel arranged parallel to and spaced from the wall surface, said heating panel consisting of a plurality of horizontal tubes of rectangular cross-section arranged in side-byside superposed aligned relationship with the shorter sides of adjacent tubes being contiguous, said tubes lying in a vertical plane parallel to and spaced from said room Wall surface, the lower edge of said heating panel being spaced from said floor surface, and a vertical collector tube arranged at each end of and in communication with said at tubes; and a horizontal convector positioned intermediate said heating panel and its associated Wall surface and being in communication with said vertical colf lector tubes, said convector having a vertical dimension which is less than the vertical dimension of said heating panel and being positioned vertically intermediate the upper and lower ends thereof, said convector consisting of a plurality of horizontal tubes of rectangular crosssection arranged in side-by-side superposed aligned relationship in a vertical plane with the shorter sides of adjacent tubes being contiguous, and a corrugated metal open-ended vertical shaft along the associated wall surface to direct a convection ow of heated air vertically along the entire wall surface toward the upper portion thereof.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,884,098 Modine Oct. 25, 1932 1,937,774 Naylor Dec. 5, 1933 2,044,832 Child June 23, 1936 2,375,556 Hupp May 8, 1945 2,467,935 Harper Apr. 19, 1949 2,651,504 Gundrum et al. Sept. 8, 1953 2,739,792 Blum Mar. 27, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 146,882 Sweden Sept. 7, 1954 366,770 Great Britain Feb. 1l, 1932
US496510A 1954-05-12 1955-03-24 Heating or cooling buildings Expired - Lifetime US2845253A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3013397A (en) * 1960-06-14 1961-12-19 Meckler Gershon Perimeter heat transfer system for buildings
US4551987A (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-11-12 Sol-Chem, Inc. Solar assisted heat pump heating and cooling system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB366770A (en) * 1931-03-16 1932-02-11 Joseph Barrett Improvements in or relating to heating and cooling radiators for buildings
US1884098A (en) * 1929-11-22 1932-10-25 Modine Mfg Co Cast heat exchange device
US1937774A (en) * 1931-05-01 1933-12-05 Weil Mclain Co Inc Air heating apparatus
US2044832A (en) * 1934-06-26 1936-06-23 Aeriet Air Conditioner Company Air conditioner
US2375556A (en) * 1942-01-26 1945-05-08 Vernon E Hupp Space heating system for buildings
US2467935A (en) * 1946-04-25 1949-04-19 Walter D Harper Heat exchange system
US2651504A (en) * 1950-12-15 1953-09-08 Mcelhaney Baseboard heating apparatus for rooms
US2739792A (en) * 1952-11-18 1956-03-27 York Corp Air conditioning systems using heat exchangers local to the conditioned space

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1884098A (en) * 1929-11-22 1932-10-25 Modine Mfg Co Cast heat exchange device
GB366770A (en) * 1931-03-16 1932-02-11 Joseph Barrett Improvements in or relating to heating and cooling radiators for buildings
US1937774A (en) * 1931-05-01 1933-12-05 Weil Mclain Co Inc Air heating apparatus
US2044832A (en) * 1934-06-26 1936-06-23 Aeriet Air Conditioner Company Air conditioner
US2375556A (en) * 1942-01-26 1945-05-08 Vernon E Hupp Space heating system for buildings
US2467935A (en) * 1946-04-25 1949-04-19 Walter D Harper Heat exchange system
US2651504A (en) * 1950-12-15 1953-09-08 Mcelhaney Baseboard heating apparatus for rooms
US2739792A (en) * 1952-11-18 1956-03-27 York Corp Air conditioning systems using heat exchangers local to the conditioned space

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3013397A (en) * 1960-06-14 1961-12-19 Meckler Gershon Perimeter heat transfer system for buildings
US4551987A (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-11-12 Sol-Chem, Inc. Solar assisted heat pump heating and cooling system

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