US2844722A - Electron discharge devices - Google Patents

Electron discharge devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2844722A
US2844722A US486221A US48622155A US2844722A US 2844722 A US2844722 A US 2844722A US 486221 A US486221 A US 486221A US 48622155 A US48622155 A US 48622155A US 2844722 A US2844722 A US 2844722A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dielectric
back plate
grid
writing
reading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US486221A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marion E Hines
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL203117D priority Critical patent/NL203117A/xx
Priority to BE544938D priority patent/BE544938A/xx
Priority to NL99291D priority patent/NL99291C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US486221A priority patent/US2844722A/en
Priority to FR1137636D priority patent/FR1137636A/fr
Priority to DEW18069A priority patent/DE971205C/de
Priority to GB2743/56A priority patent/GB785578A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2844722A publication Critical patent/US2844722A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/58—Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output
    • H01J31/60—Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output having means for deflecting, either selectively or sequentially, an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/23—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using electrostatic storage on a common layer, e.g. Forrester-Haeff tubes or William tubes

Definitions

  • FIG. 2 OUTPUT READ/Na SIGNAL 3? FIG. 2
  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices of the beam storage type and more particularly to the reading and writing of information in such devices.
  • One type of fast access short storage memory that hasbeen employed in recent memory or storage systems utilizes electron discharge devices of the beam storage typeand particularly of the type known as a barriergrid storage tube. Such tubes are well known in the art,
  • a third disadvantage in this type of operation is that a number of secondary electrons are emitted whenever the beam is striking the array, though temporarily greater or lesser amounts of secondaries may appear duringwriting or reading operations
  • the equilibrium value of secondary electron current at the collector forms a pedestal upon which. the reading information is superimposed. Variations in the fractional collection of'such secondary electrons aifect the pedestal also and consequently positive identification of the type of information stored becomes more diflicult.
  • the beam is deflected intwo coordinate directions; for example, it may be repeatedly swept in one direction and selectively'deflected in the other direction 'orit may be turned on and deflected to a particular spot on the dielectric surface if completely raudom'access is desired.
  • the operation ,of the device involes, basically, two cycles, one store or write and the other remove or read.
  • the writing cycle/the potential or charge of elemental areas of the bombarded dielectric, surface is varied in accordance with an input signal, the'charge change being dependent on the signal at the time the beam impinges on the area.
  • the reading cycle the charges upon these areas are re- During moved byaction of the electron beam. Fundamentally the charging and discharging of the elemental areas above noted result from the emission of secondary electrons.
  • the flow of secondary electron current can be detected in several ways and provides an output indication of the stored information durlng' the reading cycle. Generally the method ofoperation of the 7 however. First, the signal received at the collector is-verysmall, not all of the emitted secondaries being collected at the collector .electrode.
  • a coaxial line is connected through the envelope of the tube so thatits inner cone ductor is connected'to the back plate and its outer conductor is connected to a shielding member encompassing the target assembly, the barrier grid being supported by the shielding member so that the outer conductor is in effect connected .to the barrier grid.
  • the coaxial line has a portion wound as an inductor'with the two conductors having essentially equal in: ductances and a mutual inductance between the two 0on ductors equal to the self inductance of either.
  • the .input or writing signal is then applied between these two conductors.
  • The'charging current requisite for the capacitance between the barrier grid and the back plate ing in the two conductors effectively cancel each other out in the coiled portion and induce no voltage across ing read, the surface of the dielectric is being chargedjo'r discharged through capacitances to both the barrier grid and back plate simultaneously. so that current fiows in current produces an output signal voltage across the coiled portion of the coaxial line which can be detected and utilized by an output circuit.
  • the storage tube may be of the barrier-grid type, described above, or may be of the dielectric-island type, disclosed in application Serial No. 169,140, filed June 20, 1950, now U. S. Patent No. 2,726,328, issued December 6, 1955, of A. M. Clogston.
  • a dielectric island tube a plurality of distinct small dielectric regions or islands are mounted on a back plate.
  • a barrier grid is not employed but a field equalizing grid may be advantageously located in front of the dielectric islands.
  • the charging currents are the sameas discussed above. However, here the condenser being discharged on reading of the stored information is substantially solely between the dielectric and the back plate so that the current flows almost solely in the inner conductor of the coaxial line.
  • the reading signal may be detected directly across the coiled portion of the coaxial line, as by an amplifier connected thereto, or maybe detected by an amplifier connected to a transformer winding inductively coupled to the coiled portion. Further the writing signal is substantially prevented from appearing across the coiled portion of the output-line by completely shielding the back plate and dielectric members of the target assembly, as by having the target assembly elfectively encompassed by the outer conductor of the coaxial line and specifically by a shielding member connected to the outer conductor and to which the barrier grid or field equalizing grid is attached.
  • the writing signal be applied directly to the back plate of the target assembly and the reading signal be taken from the target assembly as a whole. More specifically, it is a feature of this invention that the writing and reading signals utilize the same connectors to the target assembly.
  • a coaxial line be connected to the target assembly of a beam storspecifically it is a feature of this invention that a shielding member connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line encompass the back plate. Further in accordance with this feature of the invention, the barrier or field equalizing grid may be supported by the encompassing shielding member.
  • the reading signal be detected by an amplifier connected directly to the coiled portion of the coaxial line. It is a feature of another specific illustrative embodiment of this invention that the reading signal be detected by an amplifier inductively coupled to the coiled portion of the coaxial line. 7 V
  • the coaxial line comprise a hollow metallic tube having a wire positionedtherein, the metallic tube advantageously having adequately thick walls to reduce the resistanceof the outer conductor of the line. Further it is a feature of this invention that the coiled portion of a copper tube be wound on amagnetic core.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one specific illustrative embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified circuit schematic for the reading and writing circuits of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a chart of currents and voltages for various conditions during the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of another specific illustrative embodiment of this invention utilizing a dielectric island storage tube, only the target portion of the tube being shown.
  • Fig. 1 depicts an illustrative embodiment of this invention utilizing a barrier grid storage tube 10.
  • the tube 10 may advantageously comprise within an evacuated envelope, such as glass, an electron gun including a cathode 11, heater 12, and accelerating and focusing electrodes 13, 14, and'15, defining an electron lens, deflection plates 16 and 17, a collector electrode 18, a shield 19, and a target assembly 20.
  • the target assembly .20 includes a back plate 22, a dielectric sheet 23, and a barrier grid 24, positioned directly in front of the dielectric sheet 23.
  • the back plate 22 and dielectric sheet 23 are enclosed within a shielding member 26 to which the barrier grid is attached.
  • the writing circuit which applies the positive Writing potential to the back plate during the storage operation just described, comprises a coaxial line 28 having its inner conductor 29 connected to the back plate 22 and its outer conductor 30 connected to the shielding member 26 and thus to the barrier grid 24.
  • the coaxial line 28 has a portion 32 wound as an inductor with the two conductors 29 and 30 having equal inductances at this portion and a mutual inductance between them equal to the self-inductance of either one.
  • a source 33 of input writing signals is connected between the inner and outer conductors 29 and 30 of the coaxial line 28.
  • the current flows along the inner conductor 29 to charge the internal capacitance and returns via the outer conductor.
  • the coiled portion of the coaxial line acts as a noninduc tive Winding, and, ideally, in the absence of beam current I no voltage should appear between the barrier grid 24 equilibrium, the dielectric surface releases as many electrons as arrive and remains at the barrier grid potential.
  • I -A schematic diagram of the reading and writing circuits ofthe embodiment of Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 2.
  • each conductor of the coiled portion 32 has an inductance L and a mutual inductance M, advantageously equal to L.
  • Inner conductor 29 connects Ione inductance to the back plate, which is'represented by the point36, and outer conductor 30connects the other inductance t o-the barrier grid, which is represented by the point 37.
  • Capacitance C which is the barrier grid to back plate capacitance, is connected between points 36 and 37.
  • C is the barrier grid to ground capacitance, which is relatively large, and C is the back. plate to ground capacitance, which is very small due to the shielding actionof the shielding member 26 and the construction of the target assembly.
  • R isthe equivalent resistance'of the-outer conductor of the coaxial line 28 and-is also very small.
  • the output amplifier 35 is connected across the load resistor 34 between the barriergrid and ground. During the charging of the capacitor C ideally a slight unbalance of current in the two inductors.
  • the coiled portion 32 may advantageously be attained by coiling a coaxial cable, usingthe outer and'inner conductors as thegtwo self inductances of an air core coil.
  • a magnetic core may also be employed.
  • the coiled portion 32 comprises a wire positioned within a copper tubing wound on a ferriteferromagnetic core.
  • Case 4 Negative charge prevlously stored and writing voltage applied. 1 1
  • Fig. 3 the character of the current to and from the storage array for each of these cases is shown as a function of time for a pulse of sufficient duration to achieve equilibriumx
  • Case 1 only the equilibrium number of secondary electrons leave the surface.
  • Case 2 writing of information on the spot is to occur and there is a'temporary deficiency in the number of secondary electrons while the charging operation takes place with a gradual return to the equilibrium value.
  • Case 3 reading of the information priorly stored is to occur and an excess number of secondary electrons is produced while the surface is discharged, followed by a gradual return to'normal.
  • the writing signals applied to the target array are of .the order of several tens of-volts while the reading signals received by the amplifier 35 are of the order of a few millivolts; the reading signals may then of course be amplified to any-desired level-
  • the application of the very large writing signals does not interfere with the operation 'of the sensitive amplifier connected to. the reading circuit; Ideally, as discussed above, there should be no signalat all across the coiled portion 32 on application of the Writing signal. However, in effect a veryrsmall signal is induced due to unbalance in the currents flowingin the inner and outer conductors. This unbalance is,'-in part, caused by other capacitances within the tube.
  • the back plate anddielectric be substantially entirely shielded from'the rest .of the tube. Accordingly in the embodiment of the invention depicted in Fig. l, the shield member 26, which is an extension of the outer conductor 30, completely encompasses these elements.
  • This voltage can be kept quite small,.well below the magnitude of thereadiug output signals, so that discrimi- -nation between the twotypes of induced signals is not wherein a canceling pulse generator 45 is operated by the writing pulse source 33 to apply a canceling pulse of proper sign and magnitude directly to the reading amplifier 35, as directly across the load resistor 34 'to cancel out the residual error signalappearing at that resistor due to the unbalance of current flow in the two conductors of the coaxial line.
  • Fig. 4 there is shown another specific illustrative embodiment of this invention wherein the storage tube comprises a dielectric island tube of the type disclosed in application Serial No. 169,140, filed June 20, 1950, now U. S. Patent No. 2,726,328, issued December 6,
  • the target array comprises a back plate 50 on the front surface of which are located small spots or islands 51 of dielectric material.
  • a field equalizing grid 52 is positioned in front of the dielectric islands 51 and between it and the remainder of the tube, which may be as depicted in Fig. 1; grid 52 is supported by the shield member 26 encompassing the target array.
  • the'output amplifier 35 is not directly connected across the coiled portion 32 but is coupled thereto by an inductive winding 55, whereby transformer coupling is attained with an increase in signal strength over the direct coupling method of 'Fig. 1.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, dielectric target means in contact with said back plate, an electrode positionedto the other side of said dielectric means than said back plate, electron gun means for projecting a beam-of electrons through said electrode and against said dielectric means, and means comprising said gun means, said back plate and said electrode for storing information on said dielectric means and for receiving stored information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means further comprising an intermittent voltage source and a coaxial'line connected to said source and having its inner and outer conductors individually connected to said back plate and said electrode.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, .dielectric target means mounted on said back plate, a grid positioned in front of said dielectric means, electron gun means for projecting a beam of electrons through said grid and against said dielectric means, and means including said electron gun means for applying signals to said back plate to store information on said dielectric means and for receiving output information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means including a coaxial line having its inner conductor connected to said back plate and its outer conductor connected to said grid, said coaxial line having a coiled portion, a source of intermittent input signals connected between .said inner and outer conductors, and means coupled to said coiled portion for receiving output signal voltages developed thereacross.
  • An electron discharge device in accordance with claim 2 further comprising a shielding member encompassingsaid back plate and said dielectric means, said shielding-member ,being connected to said outer conductor of said coaxial line.
  • dielectric target means comprises a dielectric sheet and said grid is a barrier grid positioned closely adjacent said dielectric sheet.
  • dielectric target means comprises a plurality of distinct dielectric islands mounted on said back plate.
  • An electron discharge device in accordance with claim 2 wherein said means coupled to said coiled portion for receiving output signal voltages comprises an amplifier connected directly to said coiled portion.
  • An electron discharge device in accordance with claim 2 wherein said means coupled to said coiled portion for receiving output signal voltages comprises an amplifier inductively coupled to said coiled portion.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, dielectric target means mounted on said back plate,
  • an electrode positioned to the other side of said dielectric'means than said back plate, a shielding member encompassing said back plate and dielectric means and connected to said electrode, electron gun means for projecting a stream of electrons against said dielectric means, and means including said electron gun means for applying signals to said back plate to store information on said dielectric means and for receiving information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means including a first conductor connected to said back plate and a second conductor connected to said shielding member, said conductors together defining a coiled portion, and a source of intermittent input signals connected between said first and second conductors.
  • An electron discharge device in accordance with claim 12 further comprising means coupled to said coiled portion for receiving output signal voltages developed thereacross.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, a dielectric target means mounted on said back plate, a grid positioned in front of said dielectric means, a shielding member encompassing said back plate and dielectric means and mounting said grid, electron gun means for projecting a stream of electrons through said grid against said dielectric means, and means including said electron gun means for applying signals to said back plate to store information on said dielectric means and for receiving information from said dielectric means, said lastmentioned means including a coaxial line having its inner conductor connected to said back plate and its outer conductor to said shielding member, said coaxial line comprising a wire within a hollow metallic tubing and having a coiled portion, input signal means connected between said inner and outer conductors, and means coupled to said coiled portion for receiving output signal voltages developed thereacross.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, a dielectric target means in contact with said back plate, a grid positioned in front of said dielectric means, electron gun means for projecting a stream of electrons through said grid and against said dielectric means, and means including said electron gun means, said back plate and said grid for storing information on said dielectric means and for receiving stored information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned'means including a coaxial line having its inner and outer conductors individually connected to said back plate and said grid and output means coupled to said coaxial line for receiving an output signal on flow of current in only one direction in said coaxial line but no output signal on flow of current in opposite. directions in said inner and outer conductors of said coaxial line.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, dielectric target means in contact with said back plate, a grid positioned in front of said dielectric means,
  • a shielding member encompassing said plate and dielecon said dielectric means and for receiving information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means further comprising a coaxial line having its inner conductor connected to 'said back' plate and its outer conductor to said shielding member, a source of writing signals connected between said inner and outerconductors, an output circuit, and means preventing an output signal being applied to said output circuit on application of said writing signals to said coaxial line.
  • An electron discharge device in accordance with claim 16 wherein said output circuit is electrically connected to said preventing means, the output signals being across said preventing means on the reading of information stored on said dielectric means.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, dielectric target means in contact with said back plate, an electrode positioned to the other side of said dielectric means than said back plate, electron gun means for projecting a stream of electrons through said electrode and against said dielectric means and means including said electron .gun means, said back plate and said electrode for storing information on said dielectric means and for receiving stored information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means including a first conductor connected to said back plate, a second conductor adjacent said firstconductor so as to be electromagnetically coupled thereto and connected to said electrode, a source of intermittent writing signals connected between said first and second conductors, and output means coupled to said conductors for receiving an output signal on flow of current in only one direction in said conductors but no output signal on flow of cur-rent in opposite directions in said conductors.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a back plate, dielectric target means in contact with said back plate, a grid positioned in front of said dielectric means,
  • a shielding member encompassing said plate and said dielectric means and connected to said grid, electron gun means for projecting a stream of electrons against said dielectric means, and means including said electron gun means, said back plate, and said grid for storing information on said dielectric means and for receiving information from said dielectric means, said last-mentioned means including a first conductor connected to said back plate, a second conductor electromagnetically coupled to said first conductor and connected to said shielding member, a source of intermittent writing signals connected between 'said conductors, an output circuit, and means preventing an output signal being applied to said output circuit on flow of writing current in both said conductors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
US486221A 1955-02-04 1955-02-04 Electron discharge devices Expired - Lifetime US2844722A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL203117D NL203117A (fr) 1955-02-04
BE544938D BE544938A (fr) 1955-02-04
NL99291D NL99291C (fr) 1955-02-04
US486221A US2844722A (en) 1955-02-04 1955-02-04 Electron discharge devices
FR1137636D FR1137636A (fr) 1955-02-04 1955-10-13 Dispositifs à décharge électronique
DEW18069A DE971205C (de) 1955-02-04 1955-12-17 Elektronenstrahl-Speicherroehre
GB2743/56A GB785578A (en) 1955-02-04 1956-01-27 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices of the beam storage type

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US486221A US2844722A (en) 1955-02-04 1955-02-04 Electron discharge devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2844722A true US2844722A (en) 1958-07-22

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US486221A Expired - Lifetime US2844722A (en) 1955-02-04 1955-02-04 Electron discharge devices

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US (1) US2844722A (fr)
BE (1) BE544938A (fr)
DE (1) DE971205C (fr)
FR (1) FR1137636A (fr)
GB (1) GB785578A (fr)
NL (2) NL203117A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943231A (en) * 1957-08-08 1960-06-28 Csf Storage tube target
US3026501A (en) * 1957-12-31 1962-03-20 Rca Corp Weather display and forecasting system
US3054926A (en) * 1960-01-25 1962-09-18 Martin H Graham Electron discharge device
US3135923A (en) * 1960-10-11 1964-06-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Barrier grid storage tube information storage and readout system
US3170083A (en) * 1957-06-27 1965-02-16 Gen Electric Microspace data storage tube using electron microscope optical assembly
US4079289A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-03-14 Thomson-Csf Storage tube for the storage of digital information

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2097491A (en) * 1931-04-01 1937-11-02 Western Electric Co Transmission line for electrical signaling systems
US2251573A (en) * 1937-05-15 1941-08-05 Rca Corp Electronic tube
US2257795A (en) * 1939-05-27 1941-10-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus and circuits
US2419907A (en) * 1940-09-27 1947-04-29 Siemens Brothers & Co Ltd Means for reducing impedance effects in grounded communication circuits
US2420846A (en) * 1940-07-11 1947-05-20 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cathode-ray tube for generating oscillations
US2675499A (en) * 1948-07-10 1954-04-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode-ray device
US2700151A (en) * 1949-10-28 1955-01-18 Rca Corp Electrical pulse analyzer

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624780A (en) * 1948-12-11 1953-01-06 Hewlett Packard Co Measuring system
US2598919A (en) * 1950-06-30 1952-06-03 Rca Corp Barrier grid storage tube

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2097491A (en) * 1931-04-01 1937-11-02 Western Electric Co Transmission line for electrical signaling systems
US2251573A (en) * 1937-05-15 1941-08-05 Rca Corp Electronic tube
US2257795A (en) * 1939-05-27 1941-10-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus and circuits
US2420846A (en) * 1940-07-11 1947-05-20 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cathode-ray tube for generating oscillations
US2419907A (en) * 1940-09-27 1947-04-29 Siemens Brothers & Co Ltd Means for reducing impedance effects in grounded communication circuits
US2675499A (en) * 1948-07-10 1954-04-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode-ray device
US2700151A (en) * 1949-10-28 1955-01-18 Rca Corp Electrical pulse analyzer

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170083A (en) * 1957-06-27 1965-02-16 Gen Electric Microspace data storage tube using electron microscope optical assembly
US2943231A (en) * 1957-08-08 1960-06-28 Csf Storage tube target
US3026501A (en) * 1957-12-31 1962-03-20 Rca Corp Weather display and forecasting system
US3054926A (en) * 1960-01-25 1962-09-18 Martin H Graham Electron discharge device
US3135923A (en) * 1960-10-11 1964-06-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Barrier grid storage tube information storage and readout system
US4079289A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-03-14 Thomson-Csf Storage tube for the storage of digital information

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE971205C (de) 1958-12-24
NL99291C (fr)
FR1137636A (fr) 1957-05-31
GB785578A (en) 1957-10-30
BE544938A (fr)
NL203117A (fr)

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