US2844451A - Fuels containing deposit control additives - Google Patents
Fuels containing deposit control additives Download PDFInfo
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- US2844451A US2844451A US567445A US56744556A US2844451A US 2844451 A US2844451 A US 2844451A US 567445 A US567445 A US 567445A US 56744556 A US56744556 A US 56744556A US 2844451 A US2844451 A US 2844451A
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- Prior art keywords
- glycol bis
- carbonate
- polymethylene
- fuels
- glycol
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 31
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Substances OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AEAMQQGBZAVGCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(O)=O AEAMQQGBZAVGCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VUEGAPQSEQDMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound COCCOCCOC(O)=O VUEGAPQSEQDMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGWZOKCZTGZGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(O)=O RGWZOKCZTGZGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQDKFFICLVYWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethoxyethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOCCOC([O-])=O BQDKFFICLVYWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NGUUMHKSNSFLOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound COCCOC(O)=O NGUUMHKSNSFLOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDNRYWFTUFAYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentoxyethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCOCCOC(O)=O LDNRYWFTUFAYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMJOPGZBAJROMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOCCOC(O)=O WMJOPGZBAJROMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- USFBMTFYZCCBMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxy ethyl carbonate Chemical compound C(OOCCCC)(OCC)=O USFBMTFYZCCBMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANXZMTOZQXKQQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOOC(=O)OCC ANXZMTOZQXKQQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCO SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/1915—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters complex esters (at least 3 ester bonds)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
- C10L1/1986—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters complex polyesters
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Patented July 22, 1958 y ce FUELS CONTAINING DEPOSIT CONTROL ADDITIVES No Drawing. Application Fehruary 24, 1956 Serial No. 567,445
9 Claims. 01. 44-70 This invention relates to hydrocarbon fuels containing a novelclass of additives which reduce the depositforming tendency of hydrocarbon fuels. More specifically, this invention disclosed that superior motor fuels are obtained by the addition of a minor amount of a polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonate) of prescribed composition. 7 As automobile manufacturers anually raise the compression ratio oftheir automobile engines in the race for higher horsepower, the need becomes greater for gasolines which burn cleanly, that is, have low deposit-forming tendencies. Engine deposits which find their origin in the fuel are primarily responsible for surface ignition phenomena such as preignition and octane requirement increase (ORI) which is the tendency of spark ignition engines in service to require higher octane fuels for proper performance. As a consequence, gasoline manufacturers have placed increasing stress on reducing the depositforming tendencies of their fuels and have resorted to various additives either to reduce the amount of deposits or to minimize their effects. The present invention involves the discovery that a particular class of polymethylene glycol derivatives are outstanding in controlling the deposit-forming tendencies of hydrocarbon fuels.
In our copending application, Serial No. 567,476 filed of even date there are disclosed novel polymethylene glycol carbonates of the general formula wherein R is a divalent symmetrical polymethylene .radical containing at least 4 carbon atoms, R. is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n has a value of 0 to 10. This invention involves the discovery that a particular group of these novel compounds, namely the polymethylene glycol bis (glycol ether carbonates) are deposit control fuel additives.
The improved hydrocarbon fuels ofthis invention containa polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonate) of the general formula RQ (CH CH O OCOROCO OCH CH ,OR'
wherein R is a divalent symmetrical polymethylene vradical containing at least 4 carbon, atoms and preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n has a value of 1 to 6. The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) prescribed in this invention are effective deposit-control additives in concentrations as low asf0.0l volume percent, but concentrations of 0.04 to 0.3 volume percent are normally employed. There is no critical upper limit of concentration but economic considerations dictate that concentrations 'less than'lO volume percent glycol carbonate ester be present in the fuel.
The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether' carbonates) which inhibit the deposit-forming tendencies of hydrocarbon fuels are readily prepared by the series of reactions described in the aforeidentified copending application. In general, the preparation involves the formation of a chloroformate by. reaction of phosgene with an ethylene or polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and subsequent reaction of the chloroformate with a polymethylene glycol in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor such as pyridine or quinoline. An alternate reaction procedure involves formation of a dichloroformate by reaction of a polymethylene glycol with phosgene and subsequent reaction of the dichloroformate with a monoether of ethylene or polyethylene glycol in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor.
The hydrocarbon fuels of this invention are characterized by low deposit-forming tendencies with the result that an engine operated therewith shows exceptionally clean intake system, combustion space, valves, ring belt area and injection system of a diesel engine. The low deposit level in the engine minimizes surface ignition in all its manifestations, mainly preignition and knock. In addtion, the low deposit level reduces the engines octane requirement increase. Deposits on surfaces contacted by the lubricating oil, such as piston skirts and cylinder walls, are very markedly reduced.
The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) usable in the fuels of the invention are exemplified by the following: tetrarnethylene glycol bis(butoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(methoxyethyl carbonate), hexamethylene glycol bis(ethoxyethyl carbonate), hexamethylene glycol bis(propoxyethylcarbonate), hexamethylene glycol bis (butoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(methoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), octamethylene glycol bis(ethoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), octarnethylene glycol bis(methoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), decamethylene glycol bis(ethoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), decamethylene glycol bis(butoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(2-butene-l-oxyethyl carbonate), tetramethylene glycol bis(methoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), tetramethylene glycol bis(ethoXyethoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(bu-l toxyethoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis- (octoxyethoxyethyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(pentoxyethyl carbonate), heptamethylene glycol bis-' for proper .functioning as a fuel additive. An additive with high water solubility is generally lost from a hydrocarbon fuel during storage which is usually over water.
The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) effective in reducing deposit formation in hydrocarbon fuelsare all characterized by boiling points above 650 F., a molecular weight above 300 and a carbon to oxygen weight ratio below 2.5. Apparently, the glycol carbonate ester must possess all of these properties simultaneously in order to impart deposit-forming properties to hydrocarbon fuels.
In summary, the following conclusions can be made as to the requirements of each section of the additive molecule for the production of a polymethylene glycol carbonate ester derivatives are ineffective as deposit-con VI trol additives. '(4) Terminal aliphatic radicals contain 1 to 12 carbon atoms with aliphatic radicals containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms being preferred.
The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates)" are effective as deposit-control additives in concentrations" "between 0.01 and 1.0 volume percent of thefuel. Gen
erally, dirtier fuels having a high concentration of olefinic components require high concentrations of the additive whereas cleaner burning premium fuels are improved with respect to deposit-forming characteristics by smaller concentrations of the polymethylene glycol bis (glycol ether carbonate) ester. In general, dirtier gasolin'es require an additive concentration between 0.1 and 0.3 volume percent whereas clean-burning premium fuels only need an additive concentration between 0.01 and 0.08 volume percent." As indicated previously, there is no critical upper limit from a functional viewpoint but economics dictate that the glycoladditive be less than 1 volume percent.
The polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) of the type described in this invention are effective in controlling deposits in hydrocarbon fuels having boiling points up to about 700 F., although benefits also result when polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbon-ates) are added to fuels containing residual stocks of higher boiling point. The major application of the additive is in gasoline for automotive engines wherein fuel-derived engirie deposits have become a particularly vexing problem. The deposit-forming properties of diesel fuels and fuels designed for use in jets and gas turbines are also improved by the polymethylene glycol derivatives of this invention. In diesel fuels the presence of the additive maintains the injection system and combustion zone in a clean condition. This is particularly important with the increasing use of the so-called economy diesel fuels, that is fuels having a high sulfur content or containing cracked or residual stocks. Polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) find particular application in jet fuels used as a cooling medium prior to their consumption. A polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonate)-containing jet fuel is an excellent heat exchange medium since it is relatively free from deposits in the cooling system and burner nozzle where deposits cannot be tolerated.
The deposit-forming properties of both regular and premium gasolines, both of the leaded and of the nonleaded type, are improved by the addition of polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates). The gasolines to which the polyglycol carbonate esters are added can be broadly defined as hydrocarbon fuels having boiling points up to approximately 400 F.
The action of the additives in controlling the depositforming tendencies of motor fuel was demonstrated by a Modified Chevrolet Deposits TestCRC FL2650.
The laboratory engines are operated under the standard conditions of this test with the exception that crankcase oil temperatures were 10 F. lower, the water jacket tempe ratures were 5 F. lower, and the crankcases of the test engines were ventilated. These modifications are in every case in the direction of making the test more severe and are intended to simulate low temperature conditions wherein deposit formation is most pronounced. After the termination of each run, the engine is disassembled and its parts are evaluated by a merit system adapted from the CRCL-4l252 test. This, merit system involves visual examination of the engine part in question and their rating according to deposits by comparison with standards which have assigned ratings. For example, a rating of 10. on piston skirt designates a perfectly clean piston While a rating of zero represents the worst condition. Similarly, a rating of 100 on total engine deposits represents a perfectly clean engine, etc.
In the following table there are shown the depositcontrol properties of polymethylene glycol bis( glycol ether carbonates) in comparison with those of polymethylene glycol bis(alkyl carbonates). Base fuels A and B are high quality regular grade gasolines comprising a mixture thermal cracked stock, fluid catalytically cracking and straight run gasoline. Base fuel A has an 87.0 AST M research octane rating containing 2.90 ml. of TEL per gallon, had an API gravity of 58.0-and a boiling range between106 and 396 F.; it was negative in. the,
copper strip corrosion test and had an oxidation stability in the ASTM test of 530 minutes minimum. Base fuel B had a 90.5 ASTM research octane rating, contained 2.67 ml. of TEL per gallon, had an API gravity of 59.0 and a boiling range between 93 and 395 F.; it was negative in the copper strip corrosion test and had an oxidation stability of 445 minutes minimum. The reference fuels also contained minor amounts of gasoline inhibitors, namely N,N'-di-secondary butyl paraphenylene diamine, lecithin, and N,N-disalicylidene-LZ-diaminopropane. In all runs, the laboratory engines in the Chevrolet S-II test were lubricated with Advanced Custom Made Havoline, a heavy duty type oil meeting Supplement I requirements and Manufactured by The Texas Company.
' Piston Total Skirt Engine Deposits Base Fuel A 4. 7 77. 7 Base Fuel A plus 0.1 vol. percent of:
1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis (2-ethoxyethyl carbonate) 7. 8 82. 8 1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis(Z-ethylhexyl carbonate) 4. 7 70. 7 Base Fuel B 6. 1 79. 9 Base Fuel B plus 0.1 vol. percent of:
1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis(2,2,2"-triethoxyethyl carbonate) 9. 7 90. 7 1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis(n-amyl carbonate) 4. 8 76. 8
The fuels formed by the addition of the polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) to a regular grade gasoline are equivalent to some premium grade gasolines from the standpoint of engine cleanliness. The piston skirt ratings of 7.8 to 9.7 and total engine ratings of 82.8 to 90.7 are better ratings than are obtained with some premium fuels. The ability of the polymethyleneglycolbis (glycol ether carbonates) to raise regular grade fuels to the engine cleanliness level of premium grade fuels is a substantial step forward in solving the surface ignition problems encountered in high compression engines.
It is significant that the polymethylene glycol bis(alkyl carbonates), which are also disclosed in Serial No. 567,- 476 filed of even date, are ineffective and, in some respects, deleterious deposit control additives. It has been theorized that the ether linkage in the polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) is necessary for the additive to solubilize the low temperature deposits. Whatever the explanation of the elfectiveness of polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) and of the ineffectiveness of polymethylene glycol bis(alkyl carbonates) the results are striking.
An outstanding feature of the polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonates) of this invention is that they do not possess any deleterious eifect on other properties of the fuel. In many fuel additives, engine wear of parts such as piston rings, cylinder walls, bearings and valves, is a definite problem. Fuels containing polymethylene glycol bis( glycol ether carbonate) of prescribed composition actually decrease engine wear under high temperature conditions.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel for internal combustion engines containing a polymethylene glycol bis( glycol ether carbonate) of the general formula R'O CH CH O) OCOROCO( OCHQCH ,OR
wherein R is a divalent symmetrical polymethylene radical containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n has a value of 1 to 6, said glycol derivative having a carbon to oxygen weight ratio below 2.5 being present in an amount sufficient to reduce the deposit-forming properties of said fuel.
2. A hydrocarbon fuel according to claim 1 containing 0.01 to 1.0 volume percent of polymethylene glycol bis (glycol ether carbonate).
3. A hydrocarbon fuel according to claim 1 containing 0.04 to 0.3 volume percent of polymethylene glycol bis( glycol ether carbonate).
4. A gasoline containing a polymethylene glycol bis (glycol ether carbonate) of the general formula wherein R is a divalent symmetrical polymethylene radical containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n has a value of 1 to 6 said glycol derivative having a carbon to oxygen weight ratio below 2.5 and being present in an amount suflicient to reduce the deposit-forming properties of said-gasoline.
5. A gasoline according to claim 4 containing 0.01
6 to 1.0 volume percent of polymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonate).
6. A gasoline according to claim 4 containing 0.04 to 0.3 volume percent ofpolymethylene glycol bis(glycol ether carbonate).
7. A gasoline according to claim 4 in which said polymethylene glycol bis( glycol ether carbonate) has terminal aliphatic radicals containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms and said It has a value of 1 to 2.
8. A gasoline containing 0.01 to 1.0 volume percent 1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis(Z-ethoxyethyl carbonate).
9. A gasoline containing 0.01 to 1.0 volume percent 1,5-pentamethylene glycol bis(2,2',2-triethoxyethyl carbonate).
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,331,386 Gaylor Oct. 12, 1943 2,379,252 Muskat et al June 26, 1945 2,651,657 Mikeska et a1. Sept. 8, 1953 2,789,891 Brandes et al. Apr. 23, 1957
Claims (1)
1. A NORMALLY LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES CONTAINING A POLYMETHYLENE GLYCOL BIS(GLYCOL ETHER CARBONATE) OF THE GENERAL FORMULA
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US567445A US2844451A (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1956-02-24 | Fuels containing deposit control additives |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US567445A US2844451A (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1956-02-24 | Fuels containing deposit control additives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2844451A true US2844451A (en) | 1958-07-22 |
Family
ID=24267180
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US567445A Expired - Lifetime US2844451A (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1956-02-24 | Fuels containing deposit control additives |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2844451A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125382A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-11-14 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Fuels containing polyoxyalkylene ether demulsifiers |
| US4302215A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1981-11-24 | Chevron Research Company | Deposit control additives and their fuel compositions |
| US4322305A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-03-30 | Chevron Research Company | Deposit control additives and their fuel compositions |
| US4612132A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1986-09-16 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4746446A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-05-24 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4747965A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1988-05-31 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4747850A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-05-31 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides in fuel composition |
| US4802893A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1989-02-07 | Chevron Research Company | Modified Succinimides |
| EP0306108A2 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-08 | Theofil Wenzel Rejda | Method for combating corrosion of hydrocarbon containers and liquid hydrocarbons having corrosion inhibiting properties |
| US4840744A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1989-06-20 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides and lubricating oil compositions containing the same |
| US4904278A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1990-02-27 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US5294356A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1994-03-15 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polycarbonates, uses thereof, processes for preparing and purifying same |
| US5476602A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1995-12-19 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polycarbonates, uses thereof, processes for preparing and purifying same |
| US5731104A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1998-03-24 | Sri International | Batteries, conductive compositions, and conductive films containing organic liquid electrolytes and plasticizers |
| US6268317B1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2001-07-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment and the refrigerating cycle equipment using the same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2331386A (en) * | 1939-11-03 | 1943-10-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Modified fuel |
| US2379252A (en) * | 1941-10-04 | 1945-06-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Carbonic acid esters |
| US2651657A (en) * | 1949-05-21 | 1953-09-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Synthetic lubricating oil |
| US2789891A (en) * | 1953-08-24 | 1957-04-23 | Gulf Research Development Co | Gasoline fuel system conditioner |
-
1956
- 1956-02-24 US US567445A patent/US2844451A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2331386A (en) * | 1939-11-03 | 1943-10-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Modified fuel |
| US2379252A (en) * | 1941-10-04 | 1945-06-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Carbonic acid esters |
| US2651657A (en) * | 1949-05-21 | 1953-09-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Synthetic lubricating oil |
| US2789891A (en) * | 1953-08-24 | 1957-04-23 | Gulf Research Development Co | Gasoline fuel system conditioner |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125382A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1978-11-14 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Fuels containing polyoxyalkylene ether demulsifiers |
| US4302215A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1981-11-24 | Chevron Research Company | Deposit control additives and their fuel compositions |
| US4322305A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-03-30 | Chevron Research Company | Deposit control additives and their fuel compositions |
| US4840744A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1989-06-20 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides and lubricating oil compositions containing the same |
| US4612132A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1986-09-16 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4746446A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-05-24 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4747850A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-05-31 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides in fuel composition |
| US4802893A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1989-02-07 | Chevron Research Company | Modified Succinimides |
| US4904278A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1990-02-27 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| US4747965A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1988-05-31 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides |
| EP0306108A2 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-08 | Theofil Wenzel Rejda | Method for combating corrosion of hydrocarbon containers and liquid hydrocarbons having corrosion inhibiting properties |
| EP0306108A3 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-04-19 | Theofil Wenzel Rejda | Method for combating corrosion of hydrocarbon containers and liquid hydrocarbons having corrosion inhibiting properties |
| US5294356A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1994-03-15 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polycarbonates, uses thereof, processes for preparing and purifying same |
| US5476602A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1995-12-19 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polycarbonates, uses thereof, processes for preparing and purifying same |
| US5565129A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1996-10-15 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polycarbonates, uses thereof, processes for preparing and purifying same |
| US5731104A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1998-03-24 | Sri International | Batteries, conductive compositions, and conductive films containing organic liquid electrolytes and plasticizers |
| US6268317B1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2001-07-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment and the refrigerating cycle equipment using the same |
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