Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to petroleum oils and to a process for the production thereof.
• Oils of lubricating viscosity are usually produced from three different types of petroleum crude oils. These are the so-called Pennsylvania crudes, the Coastal crudes, and the Mid-Continent crudes. Pennsylvania crudes are highly paraffinic and oils made therefrom generally require distillation, dewaxing and clay contacting as the only steps in the production of thefinished lubricating Onthe other hand, the Coastal crudes and the Mid-Continent crudes in general, which are hereinafter termed asphaltic base crudes, contain varying concentrations of asphaltic and aromatic components and, as a result, the production of lubricating oils therefrom almost invariably requires some refining treatment such as acid refining, solvent extraction, or propane deasphalting for the removal of asphaItic, resinous and aromatic type hydrocarbons to improve the stability and oxidation resistance of the resulting oil.
• refining treatment such as acid refining, solvent extraction, or propane deasphalting for the removal of asphaItic, resinous and aromatic type hydrocarbons to improve the stability
• the crude is first fractionally distilled to recover a distillate boiling in the lubricating o il range.
• This distillate may then be dewaxed, for example by a conventional chilling and pressing or by solvent dewaxing.
• the distillate is then separated in, a rerun unit into fractions of varying viscosities designated as neutral stocks," which may or may notbe dewaxed depending on whether a dewaxing step is included in the processing.
• neutral stocks are stored and then refined by treatmentwith sulfuric acid to separate the asphaltic and aromatic constituents into the; acid; phase; followed by treatment with clay to neutralize the oil and remove sulfonates.
• the resulting acid-refined oils are .-.well.known as conventionally refined neutral oils.
• the neutral stocks when freshly produced have a sufficiently light color to be saleable and have satisfactory lubricating properties for industrial uses.
• the color of the neutral stocks darkens rapidly with the passage of time. Hence, as explained above, they are not regarded as suitable for use in commercial lubricants without further treatment.
• the neutral stocks produced from asphaltic base crudes can be made into oils of good color stability, comparable in quality to the conventionally refined oils that have been made by acid refining, by a combination of steps which comprises (1) contacting a neutral stock with a mineral adsorbent, such as a clay, and (2) adding to the adsorbent-treated neutral stock a minor amount of a compound having the formula:
• the preferred compounds have the OH group in the ortho position.
• the C H chain may be straight or branched.
• clay contacting is a widely practiced step in the production of lubricating oils from all types of petroleum crudes and that in many cases it contributes to improved color and color stability of the finished oils.
• its primary function in the usual refining sequence is to remove the remnants of acid and acid sludge remaining after acid refining, or to remove the remnants of solvent remaining after solvent extraction.
• the function of the clay contacting step in the present invention is to render the oil susceptible to the action of the above-described inhibitor. I do not rely on clay contacting to improve the color of the neutral stock; actually in some cases the clay contacting may darken the color of the oil, but even if darkened, it is rendered susceptible to the inhibitor.
• the clay treating step of the invention apparently acts upon the neutral stock in some manner to render it vastly more susceptible to the action of the inhibitor.
• a neutral stock from an asphaltic base crude is contacted with a mineral adsorbent, for example by filtration (percolation) through the adsorbent, as conventionally practiced in the petroleum industry.
• the adsorbent may be agitated with the oil and then filtered therefrom.
• the color of the neutral stock may be or may not be improved but the oil is in some way rendered much more susceptible to the action of the inhibitor that is to be later added.
• the amount of mineral adsorbent can advantageously be in the ratio of from about 1 to about 20 lbs. per barrel of neutral stock, preferably from 5 to lbs. per barrel, the temperature from about 175 to 325 F. and the time of contact from about 5 to 60 minutes, depending primarily on the amount of clay and the temperature, shorter times being permitted for higher temperatures and larger amounts of clay.
• the mineral absorbent can be any of those natural or synthetic clays that are useful in the preparation of lubricating oils from petroleum crudes.
• Suitable adsorbent minerals are the members of the group of natural clays which may be acid-activated, and are made from the mineral montmorillonite. They are available under trade names such as Filtrol and Super-Filtrol lube contact clays, as well as fluid catalysts of the natural clay type available under the trade name Filtrol D. Also suitable and available from the same supplier is Neutrol I, a special low-acidity type Filtrol clay.
• Another suitable mineral adsorbent is sold under the trade name Magnesol, which is a highly adsorptive, synthetic, hydrous magnesium silicate.
• Suitable mineral adsorbents are those identified by the trade name Seasorb” which is a magnesium oxide type clay and MS catalyst which is a synthetic aluminum silicate microsphere cracking catalyst.
• Another satisfactory clay is known as Cat-lube clay, which is a fluidized natural clay. These clays may be used singly or in admixture or, if desired, treatment with one clay may be followed in sequence by treatment with another clay.
• acidic mineral adsorbents such as Filtrol, Super-Filtrol, Magnesol, and MS catalyst often provide an initial improvement in color; basic clays such as Seasorb do not usually give an initial improvement in color but produce a final oil with excellent color stability.
• composition has the following physical properties:
• the inhibitor can be added to the clay-treated, oil in effective concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1%, preferably from 0.005 to 0.1%, by weight of the oil. Very small amounts within this range are effective and an excess, though not harmful, does not give a corresponding beneficial effect. It can be dissolved in the oil simply by agitation. One convenient method of agitation is air blowing. The order of the steps is critical and cannot be reversed.
• N. S.Neutral stock i. e., an oil that has been separated from the crude by distillation and not otherwise treated except it may be dewaxed.
• D. D.-Optical density degradation (the diiference in or between the initial optical density of an oil at the beginning of a test and its optical density at the end of the test).
• CRN-Conventionally refined neutral oil i. e., an oil that has been acid-treated and then clay contacted (when followed by a number, this is the SUS viscosity at F.).
• Example I There was obtained fresh from the rerun unit of a commercial petroleum refinery a quantity of neutral stock derived from a Mid-Continent crude and having a viscosity of SUS at 100 F. The neutral stock was kept under a nitrogen atmosphere while awaiting further processing in order to prevent deterioration.
• the neutral stock behaved as follows in the oven test:
• Example III Samples of representative CTI oils prepared in Example II were held in storage for 55 days and thenexamined visually for evidence of precipitation of insoluble matter. The results of this observation are as follows:
• Example IV A quantity of the CTI- oil prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 11 and containing the 0.005% of the inhibitor, was tested for oxidation stability in the Polyveriform test; according to U. S. Patent No. 2,464,233, for 19 hrs. at 300 F. at a rateof 70 liters of air per hour in the presence of an iron catalyst (ferric ethyl hexoate).
• the sample tested was a composite of samples in which the clays were Super-Filtrol and Filtrol X-4l;7.
• the treating time varied from 30 to 45 minutes and the temperature varied from 230 to 280 F.
• the results of this test in comparison with. a typical commercial conventionally refined oil of the same viscosity are as follows:'
• Example V There was obtained quantities of neutral stocks of varying viscosities fresh from the rerun unit of a commercial petroleum refinery processing 11 Mid-Continent crude.
• the neutral'stocks were treated by filtration with Super- Filtrol at the rate of- 8 lbs. of. clay per barrel'ofv oil at a temperature of 260 F. employing a contact time of .45 minutes. These clay-treated neutral stocks were then inhibited with 0.005% of the same inhibitor to produce CTI oils according to the invention using air to agitate the oil and disperse the inhibitor.
• CTI oils were then compared in properties such as pour point, flash point, etc. with a typical conventionally refined neutral oil of the same viscosity from the same refinery.
• the following table gives the properties of the CTI oils, the specifications for conventionally refined neutral oil.
• CTI-oils were formulated in greases, cutting oils, grinding oils, soluble oils; anti-rust oils and similar industrial lubricants and compared with identical products formulated with CRN oils. In every instance, the products made with the CTI oil met all of the specifications previously set on the basis of CRN oils and the products proved acceptable in service.
• Example VI Gravity, API 27. -28. 5-. 27. 7 28.0 28. 529. 5-- 28.8 29. 2 29. 5-30. 5 y 29. 7 31.0 Pour, Max. 25.0 30. 0 25 Man--. 25 25 25 Max 15 35 370 330 305 Min 345 315 v 370 340 Min 385 360 06+ 1% V-- 1Ve+ 79 60-65 67. 2 61 id N 0.04 0 05 Max 0.022 0.06 Carbon Residue 0:08 0 05 Max 0. Trace Example VI The samples of CTI oils prepared in Example V were placed-in tank storage for 41. days. The following table shows the optical densities at the start and end of the storage period and the changes during the period. All three of the oils show very little change thus proving to be satisfactory.
• Example VII Other samples of the CTI oils prepared in Example V were stored in indirect light in glass bottles for 38 days. All three of the CT I oils proved to be color stable under these conditions.
• the CTI-100 oil showed an O. D. D. of only 2.6, the CTI-75 an O. D. D. of only 3.5, and the CTI-65 an O. D. D. of only 2.7. v
• Example VIII The CRN-100 and CTI-100 oils of Example v were tested in "the catalyzed oven test. The results are as follows:

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23960733

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (2)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE545918D patent/BE545918A/xx unknown
• 1955
  • 1955-03-10 US US493558A patent/US2842498A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1956
  • 1956-02-24 GB GB5857/56A patent/GB799444A/en not_active Expired
  • 1956-03-10 FR FR1148866D patent/FR1148866A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-03-10 CH CH348226D patent/CH348226A/de unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents