US2841046A - Shock resistant rope - Google Patents

Shock resistant rope Download PDF

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Publication number
US2841046A
US2841046A US660275A US66027557A US2841046A US 2841046 A US2841046 A US 2841046A US 660275 A US660275 A US 660275A US 66027557 A US66027557 A US 66027557A US 2841046 A US2841046 A US 2841046A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bundle
rope
strands
tensile strength
ropes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US660275A
Inventor
Leslie A Runton
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Russell Manufacturing Co
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Russell Manufacturing Co
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Priority to US660275A priority Critical patent/US2841046A/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/04Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics with a core of fibres or filaments arranged parallel to the centre line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64FGROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
    • B64F1/02Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for arresting aircraft, e.g. nets or cables
    • B64F1/027Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for arresting aircraft, e.g. nets or cables using net or mesh
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01FADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/02Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
    • E01F15/06Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of cables, nettings or the like
    • E01F15/065Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of cables, nettings or the like the barrier members being made of essentially non-metallic materials, e.g. natural or synthetic fibres or webbing
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2005Elongation or elasticity

Definitions

  • An object is to provide a rope or cable of the above type having novel and improved characteristics.
  • a more specific object is to provide an improved rope or cable which is adapted to withstand high shock loads such as in a harness for an airplane landing parachute or a runway net for arresting jet planes.
  • Another object is to provide a rope or cable in which the tensile strength is equal to substantially the full value of the total strength of the individual strands making up the cable.
  • the present invention overcomes this difficulty and provides a rope or cable composed of a large number of individual strands of high tensile strength and high elongation under load which are so arranged that all of the strands cooperate in withstanding the pull of the load.
  • the rope or cable is composed of a large number, for example, 300,000 or more strands of crimped continuous filaments composed of a high tenacity material such as nylon, high tenacity rayon, Fortesan or the like which are bound tightly in a bundle in which the filaments lie substantially parallel and under substantially equal tension.
  • the filaments are crimped and heat-set in a predetermined uniform manner to provide substantial elongation under stress and the bundle is bound in a stretchable sheath or covering which holds the bundle compacted but does not restrain its elongations.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a runway net for arresting jet planes
  • Fig. 2 is a detail view, on a larger scale, showing the construction of the rope or cable
  • Fig. 3 is a detail View showing the invention applied to a landing parachute for planes.
  • the rope or cable 1t is shown in Fig. 2 as composed of a bundle of strands 11 of crimped, continuous laments of high tenacity material.
  • the bundle of crimped filaments 11 is encased in a braided tube 14 composed of yarns 15 of nylon or other 2,841,046 Patented July 1, 1958 material having a high tensile strength which are braided together while under a high tension so as to hold the filaments 11 under a high compacting pressure which prevents relative displacement thereof during use.
  • a second braided tube 16 composed of yarns 1'7, similar to the yarns 15, may be disposed over the tube 14 and a protective cover 18 of stretchable material such as natural or synthetic rubber or a plastic material is' disposed over the assembly.
  • the cover may for example be composed of latex, neoprene, polyethylene or a vinyl compound.
  • the diameter of the bundle tends to decrease when the bundle is placed under tension.
  • Abraided tube also has the property of contracting to a smaller diameter when stretched, because of the increase in pitch of the turns ofthe individual yarn. Hence the contraction of the tube compensates for the decrease in diameter of the bundle and maintains the bundle under a compacting force regardless of the amount of stretch to which itis subjected.
  • the crimp amplitude and frequency determines the extensibility or stretch of the rope.
  • a crimp may be produced in various known ways as by the use of a gear crimper with means for heat-setting the crimp in the case of nylon, or other thermoplastic filaments.
  • the strands are held in parallel relationship, and under a uniform tension while being wrapped so that all of the strands are equally stressed and will assume their part of the total load.
  • the protective covering layer 17 is adapted to stretch a corresponding amount so as to protect the stretched rope without interfering with its extensibility.
  • Fig. l illustrates the use of the above described rope in a runway net for arresting jet planes.
  • a pair of such ropes 10 are strung around rollers 20 on fixed posts 21 and are passed over spreaders 22 to a coupling 23 of a hydraulic or pneumatic arresting cylinder 24.
  • Ropes 10a are tied into the form of a net 25 between the ropes 10.
  • the ropes 10a are similar to the ropes 10 but may be of somewhat smaller diameter.
  • the net 25 is shown as disposed at the end of a runway 27 which constitute an airport or carrier runway.
  • the shock In operation, when a landing plane engages the net 25 the shock first stretches the ropes 10 and 10a and exerts a pull on the cylinders 24 which causes a movement of the pistons therein (not shown) against the restraining effect of the fiuid in the cylinder. This movement of the pistons assists the rope in absorbing the shock until the plane is brought to rest.
  • the ropes 10 may also be used as shroud lines 30 forming a part of a parachute harness for attaching a landing parachute 31 to a plane 32 as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the ropes provide the necessary resilience and tensile strength for absorbing the shock as the parachute opens to exert a braking effect on the plane.
  • a shock resistant rope comprising a bundle of l. s Y 2,841,046
  • a shock resistant rope comprising a bundle of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a case for said bundle comprising a pair of braided tubes; each' composed of yarns having a high tensile strength and held under a tension to exert a compacting force on said bundle.
  • a shockV resistant rope comprising a bundle of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a case for said bundle comprising a pair of braided tubes; each composed of yarns having a high tensile strength and held under a tension to exert a compacting force on said bundle and a stretchable protective cover composed of a rubber-like material disposed around said case.
  • a runway net for arresting planes comprising a net composed of shock resistant ropes, said ropes being composed of parallel crimped and set continuous iilaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a braided tube of yarns composed of a material having a high tensile strength disposed around said bundle and holding the bundle under a compacting force.
  • a parachute harness comprising shock resistant ropes, said ropes being composed of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a braided tube of yarns composed of a material having a high tensile strength disposed around said bundle and holding the bundle under a compacting force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Description

July l,A 195.8 l.. A. RUNTQN 2,841,046
saocx- REsIsTANT ROPE Filed may 2o, 1957 v W wav rafa 5505 A ,Fu/v ro/v United States Patent O l SHOCK RESISTANT RoPE Leslie A. Runton, Middle Haddam, Conn., assignor to The Russell Manufacturing Company, Middletown, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application May 20, 1957, Serial No. 660,275 7 Claims. (Cl. 87-2) This invention relates to ropes or cables having high tensile strength and capable of substantial elongation under shock load.
An object is to provide a rope or cable of the above type having novel and improved characteristics.
A more specific object is to provide an improved rope or cable which is adapted to withstand high shock loads such as in a harness for an airplane landing parachute or a runway net for arresting jet planes.
Another object is to provide a rope or cable in which the tensile strength is equal to substantially the full value of the total strength of the individual strands making up the cable.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent as the nature of the invention is more fully disclosed.
It is recognized that when a plurality of strands are twisted into yarn and woven or braided together the `total strength of the product is only a small fraction of the total strength of the individual strands due to the weakening effect at the cross-overs and the difference in tension of the various strands. When subjected to load the more highly tensioned or the weaker strands break, thereby increasing the load on the remaining strands which break progressively. At no time do all of the strands cooperate in withstanding the load.
The present invention overcomes this difficulty and provides a rope or cable composed of a large number of individual strands of high tensile strength and high elongation under load which are so arranged that all of the strands cooperate in withstanding the pull of the load.
More specifically the rope or cable is composed of a large number, for example, 300,000 or more strands of crimped continuous filaments composed of a high tenacity material such as nylon, high tenacity rayon, Fortesan or the like which are bound tightly in a bundle in which the filaments lie substantially parallel and under substantially equal tension. The filaments are crimped and heat-set in a predetermined uniform manner to provide substantial elongation under stress and the bundle is bound in a stretchable sheath or covering which holds the bundle compacted but does not restrain its elongations.
The invention will be better understood by referring to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which a specific embodiment has been set forth for purposes of illustration.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a runway net for arresting jet planes; and
Fig. 2 is a detail view, on a larger scale, showing the construction of the rope or cable; and
Fig. 3 is a detail View showing the invention applied to a landing parachute for planes.
Referring to the drawing the rope or cable 1t) is shown in Fig. 2 as composed of a bundle of strands 11 of crimped, continuous laments of high tenacity material.
The bundle of crimped filaments 11 is encased in a braided tube 14 composed of yarns 15 of nylon or other 2,841,046 Patented July 1, 1958 material having a high tensile strength which are braided together while under a high tension so as to hold the filaments 11 under a high compacting pressure which prevents relative displacement thereof during use. For additional protection and strength a second braided tube 16 composed of yarns 1'7, similar to the yarns 15, may be disposed over the tube 14 and a protective cover 18 of stretchable material such as natural or synthetic rubber or a plastic material is' disposed over the assembly. The cover may for example be composed of latex, neoprene, polyethylene or a vinyl compound.
Due to the characteristics of the crimped filaments, the diameter of the bundle tends to decrease when the bundle is placed under tension. Abraided tube also has the property of contracting to a smaller diameter when stretched, because of the increase in pitch of the turns ofthe individual yarn. Hence the contraction of the tube compensates for the decrease in diameter of the bundle and maintains the bundle under a compacting force regardless of the amount of stretch to which itis subjected.
In this way all of the individual strands are caused to take their part of the load and the total strength of the rope is nearly equal to the sum of the tensile strengths of the individual strands, as distinguished from the comparatively low total strength of a rope having the same number of strands in the form of twisted and plied yarns,
wherein the strands are weakened at the points of crossover and cannot be made to share their respective portions of the load.
The crimp amplitude and frequency determines the extensibility or stretch of the rope. Such a crimp may be produced in various known ways as by the use of a gear crimper with means for heat-setting the crimp in the case of nylon, or other thermoplastic filaments.
The strands are held in parallel relationship, and under a uniform tension while being wrapped so that all of the strands are equally stressed and will assume their part of the total load.
When a rope of this type is subjected to a shock load the entire bundle stretches to absorb the shock and the pitch of the helical wrapping is extended to accommodate the elongation of the core. The protective covering layer 17 is adapted to stretch a corresponding amount so as to protect the stretched rope without interfering with its extensibility.
Fig. l illustrates the use of the above described rope in a runway net for arresting jet planes. In Fig. l a pair of such ropes 10 are strung around rollers 20 on fixed posts 21 and are passed over spreaders 22 to a coupling 23 of a hydraulic or pneumatic arresting cylinder 24. Ropes 10a are tied into the form of a net 25 between the ropes 10. The ropes 10a are similar to the ropes 10 but may be of somewhat smaller diameter.
The net 25 is shown as disposed at the end of a runway 27 which constitute an airport or carrier runway.
In operation, when a landing plane engages the net 25 the shock first stretches the ropes 10 and 10a and exerts a pull on the cylinders 24 which causes a movement of the pistons therein (not shown) against the restraining effect of the fiuid in the cylinder. This movement of the pistons assists the rope in absorbing the shock until the plane is brought to rest.
The ropes 10 may also be used as shroud lines 30 forming a part of a parachute harness for attaching a landing parachute 31 to a plane 32 as shown in Fig. 3.
The ropes provide the necessary resilience and tensile strength for absorbing the shock as the parachute opens to exert a braking effect on the plane.
Other uses and adaptations will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.
What is claimed is:
1. A shock resistant rope comprising a bundle of l. s Y 2,841,046
parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a braided tube of yarns composed of a material having a high tensile strength disposed around said bundle and holding the bundle under a compacting force. n
2. A rope as set forth in claim 1 in which said laments are composed of nylon.
3. A rope as set forth in claim 1 in which said {ilaments are composed of high tenacity rayon.
4. A shock resistant rope comprising a bundle of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a case for said bundle comprising a pair of braided tubes; each' composed of yarns having a high tensile strength and held under a tension to exert a compacting force on said bundle. i Y
V5. A shockV resistant rope comprising a bundle of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a case for said bundle comprising a pair of braided tubes; each composed of yarns having a high tensile strength and held under a tension to exert a compacting force on said bundle and a stretchable protective cover composed of a rubber-like material disposed around said case.
6. A runway net for arresting planes comprising a net composed of shock resistant ropes, said ropes being composed of parallel crimped and set continuous iilaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a braided tube of yarns composed of a material having a high tensile strength disposed around said bundle and holding the bundle under a compacting force.
7. A parachute harness comprising shock resistant ropes, said ropes being composed of parallel crimped and set continuous filaments of a material having a high tensile strength and a braided tube of yarns composed of a material having a high tensile strength disposed around said bundle and holding the bundle under a compacting force.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,780,190 Homan Nov. 4, 1930 2,452,228 Dawes Oct. 26, 1948 2,465,936 Schultz Mar. 29, 1949 2,513,867 Heffernan July 4, 1950
US660275A 1957-05-20 1957-05-20 Shock resistant rope Expired - Lifetime US2841046A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992584A (en) * 1958-10-10 1961-07-18 Pepperell Braiding Company Inc Tie cord
US3130630A (en) * 1962-10-02 1964-04-28 Thomas Taylor & Sons Inc Elastically stretchable cordage
US3431814A (en) * 1967-10-25 1969-03-11 Stevens & Co Inc J P Soft-feel,long-stretch,elastic braid
FR2219276A1 (en) * 1973-02-27 1974-09-20 Rhone Poulenc Textile
US3856240A (en) * 1972-12-19 1974-12-24 Boeing Co Parachute suspension lines
US4534262A (en) * 1983-04-01 1985-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Safety mooring line
US4546769A (en) * 1980-08-16 1985-10-15 Institute Fur Textilund Faserforschung Suture thread
EP0287510A1 (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19 Jacques Donnet Retractable reel-mounted barrier
FR2627784A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-01 Thomson Csf Towing cable for linear seismic prospecting antenna - with elastic core and sheath deforming until point where it stiffens under traction
US5222978A (en) * 1987-08-26 1993-06-29 United States Surgical Corporation Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements
US5359831A (en) * 1989-08-01 1994-11-01 United States Surgical Corporation Molded suture retainer
US5366081A (en) * 1987-08-26 1994-11-22 United States Surgical Corporation Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements
EP4014728A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Speed France S.A.S. Flexible stall divider

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780190A (en) * 1929-08-28 1930-11-04 Edward L Hoffman Parachute
US2452228A (en) * 1947-03-25 1948-10-26 Robert T Dawes Elastic parachute shroud and method of making it
US2465936A (en) * 1945-04-26 1949-03-29 All American Airways Inc Emergency arresting device for moving objects
US2513867A (en) * 1948-07-21 1950-07-04 United Aircraft Corp Retractable air brake

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780190A (en) * 1929-08-28 1930-11-04 Edward L Hoffman Parachute
US2465936A (en) * 1945-04-26 1949-03-29 All American Airways Inc Emergency arresting device for moving objects
US2452228A (en) * 1947-03-25 1948-10-26 Robert T Dawes Elastic parachute shroud and method of making it
US2513867A (en) * 1948-07-21 1950-07-04 United Aircraft Corp Retractable air brake

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992584A (en) * 1958-10-10 1961-07-18 Pepperell Braiding Company Inc Tie cord
US3130630A (en) * 1962-10-02 1964-04-28 Thomas Taylor & Sons Inc Elastically stretchable cordage
US3431814A (en) * 1967-10-25 1969-03-11 Stevens & Co Inc J P Soft-feel,long-stretch,elastic braid
US3856240A (en) * 1972-12-19 1974-12-24 Boeing Co Parachute suspension lines
FR2219276A1 (en) * 1973-02-27 1974-09-20 Rhone Poulenc Textile
US4546769A (en) * 1980-08-16 1985-10-15 Institute Fur Textilund Faserforschung Suture thread
US4534262A (en) * 1983-04-01 1985-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Safety mooring line
EP0287510A1 (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19 Jacques Donnet Retractable reel-mounted barrier
US5222978A (en) * 1987-08-26 1993-06-29 United States Surgical Corporation Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements
US5366081A (en) * 1987-08-26 1994-11-22 United States Surgical Corporation Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements
US5468252A (en) * 1987-08-26 1995-11-21 United States Surgical Corporation Packaged synthetic absorbable surgical elements
FR2627784A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-01 Thomson Csf Towing cable for linear seismic prospecting antenna - with elastic core and sheath deforming until point where it stiffens under traction
US5359831A (en) * 1989-08-01 1994-11-01 United States Surgical Corporation Molded suture retainer
EP4014728A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Speed France S.A.S. Flexible stall divider

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