US2838710A - Resonator system for discharge tubes - Google Patents

Resonator system for discharge tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2838710A
US2838710A US342255A US34225553A US2838710A US 2838710 A US2838710 A US 2838710A US 342255 A US342255 A US 342255A US 34225553 A US34225553 A US 34225553A US 2838710 A US2838710 A US 2838710A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductors
box
lecher
phase
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US342255A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Coeterier Frederik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2838710A publication Critical patent/US2838710A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/32—Tubes with plural reflection, e.g. Coeterier tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/02—Lecher resonators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a resonator system for a discharge tube for ultra-high frequency oscillations, comprising a lecher wire system made up of two conductors having a length equal to an odd number of times a quarter operating wavelength, said conductors being fitted in a conductive box and connected at one end to each other and to the box-shaped conductor.
  • a resonator system of this type may inter alia be employed in generator circuit-arrangements for producing oscillations with a frequency of the order of 10,000 II1C./S.
  • Such a generator circuit has, for example, been described in Philips Technical Review of September 1946.
  • the frequency of the generated oscillations depends upon the length ,of the conductors of the lecher Wire system. With the desired wave form the voltages on said conductors are in anti-phase with respect to each other. However, a difficulty is experienced in .that the lecher wire system is also able to oscillate in a :manner such that the voltages of the conductors are in phase with each other.
  • the resonance frequency of this wave form is the same as that with the first-mentioned manner of oscillation, since in both cases the system consists of a quarter wave length line short-circuited at one end. Hence, there is danger that, due to unavoidable structural dissymmetries energy passes over from one wave form to the other, thus superposing an in phase voltage on the anti-phase voltages. Said phenomenon involves instability of the generator and, moreover, its eficiency is adversely aifected.
  • said difliculty is avoided by fitting within the box-shaped conductor a second lecher wire system, both conductors of which are each connected at one end to the box-shaped conductor, which ends are situated diametrically opposed i. e. at different ends of the lecher wire system.
  • the free ends of the conductors of the first lecher wire system are electrically coupledto the middle portions of the conductors of the second lecher wire system, for example connected conductively or coupled capacitively, and the length of the second lecher wire system is equal to where A is equal to the operating wave length, C denoting the capacity of each conductor per unit length relatively to the box-shaped conductor and K designating the mutual capacity of the conductors of the second lecher wire system per unit length. It has been found that said proportions involve a considerable input resistance measured between the middle portions of the conductors of the second lecher Wire system with respect to out-of-phase oscillations, so that the desired wave form on the first lecher system is practically not influenced by the presence of the second lecher wire system.
  • the impedance between the said middle portions and the boxshaped conductor is low in respect of in phase voltages to the effect of suppressing troublesome in phase oscillations at the operating frequency.
  • One advantage of the method proposed is that the length of the second lecher wire system is small relatively to the wave length, for example equal to /6 wavelength or less and that said lecher system may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the other lecher wire system so that it can easily be housed within the box-shaped conductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammaticaly in sectional side'view a generator tube for producing centimetric waves.
  • a glass envelope 1 contains an electrode system comprising a box-shaped conductor 2 of rectangular cross-section and conductors 3, 4, 5 and 6.
  • Fig. 2. is a plan view of said electrode system
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section of this system on the line lII-III.
  • the conductors 3 and 4 are connected to the bottom of the box-shaped conductor 2 and jointly constitute a unilaterally short-circuited lecher wire system whose length corresponds to one quarter wavelength of the oscillations produced by the generator.
  • the frequency of the generator mainly depends upon said lecher wire system.
  • a voltage supply 13 is connected between the box-shaped conductor 2 and the cathode 7 so that the electrode system 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 has a high positive voltage relatively to the cathode.
  • a brake-field electrode 12 is provided at the end of box 2 remote from the cathode 7, to which electrode 12 a negative voltage relatively to the cathode is supplied from source 14.
  • Electrons from the cathode 7 are formed into a beam by means known per so (not shown) and directed towards a number of apertures 8, 9, 10 and 11 which are provided in the electrodes 2, 3, and 4 and extend in line with one another between the cathode 7 and the brake-field electrode 12. It will be assumed that such a wave is produced in the electrode system that the electrodes 3 and 4 oscillate in anti-phase relatively to each other, the electrode 2 being at a constant potential. The electrons passing through the system 2, 3, 4, are velocity-modulated. Electrons reaching the aperture 8 at an instant at which the voltage of the electrode 3 is, for example, positive relatively to the conductor 2 are accelerated in the space between the conductors 2 and 3.
  • the initial velocity of the electrons and the spacing between the conductors 2, 3 and 4 are chosen such that the electrons accelerated in the space between the conductors 2 and 3 traverse the space between the conductors 3, 4 and between the conductor 4 and the rear wall of conductor 2 respectively at such instances as to be further accelerated.
  • electrons reaching the aperture 8 when the electrode 3 is negative relatively to the box 2 are retarded by the resonator system. After leaving the aperture 11, the electrons are retarded in the space between the conductor box 2 and the brake-field electrode 12 and change direction, hence they pass anew through the apertures 11, 10, 9, 8 but now in the reverse direction.
  • the accelerated electrons In the space between the box 2 and the brake-field electrode 12, the accelerated electrons have to travel a longer path compared with the retarded electrons, so that the beam .reflected by the electrode 12 is density-modulated.
  • the electrons On passing through the resonator system in the direction from the electrode 12 to the cathode 7 the electrons give off energy to the resonator system to the effect of maintaining the initial wave, so that energy may be withdrawn from said system by means not shown in the drawing.
  • the electron beam from the cathode 7 constitutes a source of an electric signal which is connected to the conductors 3 and 4 to apply the signal thereto in an out-of-phase manner.
  • the resonator system vibrates in a manner such that the conductors 3 and 4 are consistently in anti-phase with respect to each other.
  • the resonator system may vibrate such that the conductors 3 and 4 oscillate co-phasally with respect to the box-shaped conductor 2, the conductors 3 and 4 constituting as it were the internal conductors of a coaxial conductor whose external conductor is constituted by the box 2 and which is short-circuited at one end.
  • the resonance frequency of this co-phasal oscillatory system is equal to that of the desired non co-phasal waveform, since in both cases there is a unilaterally short-circuited line of a quarter wavelength and the electric length is in both cases equal to the length of the conductors 3 and 4.
  • an in phase voltage is superposed on to the anti-phase voltages on the conductors 3 and 4, owing to which the electrons no longer traverse the several spaces of the resonator system at the correct instants and the efficiency of the device is impaired.
  • the co-phase waveform may moreover involve instability, for example skipping of the frequency or even release of the generator.
  • two further conductors 5 and 6 are fitted, within the box-shaped conductor 2, at right angles to the conductors 3 and 4, said conductors 5 and 6 extending parallel to each other and constituting another lecher wire system.
  • the conductors 5 and 6 are connected at opposite ends 15 and 16 to the inner wall of the box-shaped conductor 2 and coupled capacitatively at their middles 17 and 18 to the free ends of the conductors 3 and 4.
  • the length of the conductors 5 and 6 is equal to where A is equal to the wavelength of the oscillation produced, C denoting the capacity of each conductor per unit length relatively to the inner wall of the box-shaped conductor 2, and K denoting the mutual capacity per unit length of the conductors 5 and 6.
  • the length of the conductors 5 and 6 is equal to /6 wavelength.
  • the length of the conductors 5 and 6 may be reduced by placing them relatively closer together so that the capacity K exceeds the capacity C. In this connection it is pointed out that the conductors 5 and 6 need not be arranged in line with the conductors 3 and 4.
  • the input resistance of the lecher wire system 5, 6, measured between the middles 17 and 18, is practically infinite if the voltages are supplied in anti-phase to points 17 and 18, hence the desired anti-phase waveform on the lecher wire system 3, 4 is not influenced by the presence of conductors 5 and 6.
  • the system 5, 6 has a low input resistance between points 17, 18 on the one hand and the box-shaped conductor 2 on the other hand with respect to in phase input voltages, so that the lecher wire system 3, 4 is highly capacitativelyloaded for in phase oscillations by the system 5, 6, and the resonance frequency for said oscillations is so far shifted as to avoid interaction of both waveforms.
  • the middle portions of the conductors 5 and 6 to be conductively connected directly to the free ends of the conductors 3 and 4 it has, in practice,
  • a resonator system comprising a conductive box, a first lecher line disposed in said box and provided with two conductors having a length equal to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of a predetermined wavelength, said two conductors of said first line each being connected at one end thereof to said box, a source of an electric signal, means connected to said two conductors to apply said signal out-of-phase to said two conductors, a second lecher line disposed in said box and provided with two wires, one end of one of said wires being connected to said box, an end of the other wire opposing said one end being connected to said box, and means coupling each of the free ends of the conductors to the mid-point of a respective wire, the length of said wires being equal to where A is equal to the operating wavelength, C denoting the capacity of each wire per unit length relatively to the said conductive box and K denoting the mutual capacity of the wires of the second lecher line per unit length.
  • a resonator system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said conductive box has a rectangular cross-section, where-in said conductors of said first lecher line are arranged parallel to the side walls within said box and wherein said wires of said second lecher line extend in a plane at right angles to the axes of said conductors.
  • a resonator system as set forth in claim 2, wherein said coupling means is constituted by a capacitive element.
  • each of said conductors and opposed walls of said conductive box is provided with an aperture, said apertures being aligned on a common axis, and in which said source of electric signals comprises a source for producing an electron beam directed through said apertures, and a repelling electrode positioned in the path of said electron beam.
  • a resonator system comprising a box-like structure which is electrically conductive, a pair of conductors positioned in said box-like structure to form a first lecher line, corresponding ends of said conductors being connected to a wall of said box-like structure, a source of an electric signal, means connected to said conductors to apply said signal out-of-phase to said conductors, a pair of wires positioned in said box-like structure to form a second lecher line, opposed ends of said wires being respectively connected to said box-like structure, and means for respectively electrically coupling the remaining ends of said conductors to the middle portions of said wires.

Landscapes

  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US342255A 1952-03-20 1953-03-13 Resonator system for discharge tubes Expired - Lifetime US2838710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL720820X 1952-03-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2838710A true US2838710A (en) 1958-06-10

Family

ID=19816287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US342255A Expired - Lifetime US2838710A (en) 1952-03-20 1953-03-13 Resonator system for discharge tubes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2838710A (xx)
BE (1) BE518556A (xx)
DE (1) DE931600C (xx)
FR (1) FR1073066A (xx)
GB (1) GB720820A (xx)
NL (2) NL90056C (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4893058A (en) * 1987-05-26 1990-01-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Array electron accelerator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL207187A (xx) * 1956-05-16

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
US2538669A (en) * 1940-12-02 1951-01-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electron tube system of the velocity modulation type
GB663830A (en) * 1946-08-14 1951-12-27 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to velocity-modulation systems and discharge tubes therefore
US2607905A (en) * 1947-08-16 1952-08-19 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave generator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
US2538669A (en) * 1940-12-02 1951-01-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electron tube system of the velocity modulation type
GB663830A (en) * 1946-08-14 1951-12-27 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to velocity-modulation systems and discharge tubes therefore
US2607905A (en) * 1947-08-16 1952-08-19 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave generator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4893058A (en) * 1987-05-26 1990-01-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Array electron accelerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE518556A (xx)
FR1073066A (fr) 1954-09-20
DE931600C (de) 1955-08-11
GB720820A (en) 1954-12-29
NL90056C (xx)
NL168252B (nl)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2281717A (en) Electron discharge apparatus
US2217745A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillation circuits
US2207846A (en) Electronic discharge device
US2129713A (en) High frequency oscillation system
US2413385A (en) Electron discharge device of the magnetron type
US2343487A (en) Electron discharge device
US2401489A (en) Tunable resonator
US2096817A (en) High frequency oscillator
US2838710A (en) Resonator system for discharge tubes
US2407274A (en) Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2411535A (en) High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2276320A (en) Centimeter wave device
US2404078A (en) Electron discharge device
US2476725A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillator device
US2408238A (en) Space discharge device
US2842704A (en) Device comprising an electric discharge tube for very high frequencies and a discharge tube for use in such a device
US2403782A (en) Resonator for discharge tubes
US2263248A (en) Oscillation generation system
US2247216A (en) Resonant line control oscillation generator
US2489132A (en) Electron discharge device
US2398502A (en) Oscillation generation
US2413244A (en) Electron discharge device
US1994760A (en) Oscillation system
US2504187A (en) Electron discharge device
US2136101A (en) Magnetron