US2837724A - Transformer with improved dielectric liquid - Google Patents

Transformer with improved dielectric liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US2837724A
US2837724A US400922A US40092253A US2837724A US 2837724 A US2837724 A US 2837724A US 400922 A US400922 A US 400922A US 40092253 A US40092253 A US 40092253A US 2837724 A US2837724 A US 2837724A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transformer
mixture
dielectric
dielectric liquid
diphenyl
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Expired - Lifetime
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US400922A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clinton D Cook
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US400922A priority Critical patent/US2837724A/en
Priority to JP2863854A priority patent/JPS325215B1/ja
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Publication of US2837724A publication Critical patent/US2837724A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/125—Cooling by synthetic insulating and incombustible liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new dielectric liquid and particularly to an improved transformer utilizing the dielectric liquid.
  • a dielectric liquid suitable for use as a transformer cooling agent should have high dielectric strength, a low percent power factor, and good resistance to a high impulse voltage.
  • a satisfactory liquid must not only have a low percent power factor at the time it is placed in use but must retain this property by way of offering resistance to oxidation over a long period of time.
  • An improvement in the dielectric liquid used for cooling is quickly reflected in an improved transformer since the same transformer may have a higher kva. rating if the dielectric liquid is improved.
  • a liquid tight tank has a cover 11 which may be sealed in airtight engagement with the tank.
  • a magnetic core 12 mounted within the tank is a magnetic core 12 on which is wound a plurality of coils 13 constituting the primary and windings of the transformer. Terminals 14 and 15 extend through the cover 11 of the device.
  • the core and coils 12 and 13 are immersed in a dielectric liquid 16 which is an alkylated diphenyl or methyldiphenyl in which the alkyl group has a tertiary carbon atom and a total of from 4-8 carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric liquid consists of three monotertiary alkyl isomers.
  • the mixture consists of a larger number of monotertiary alkyl isomers since the methylated diphenyl itself consists of a mixture of three isomers.
  • phenyl or methyl diphenyl is subjected to a Friedel-Crafts condensation with a tertiary alkyl compound containing 4-8 carbon atoms and a fraction is then separated containing the monoalkyl derivatives from the unreacted starting products and the polyalkyl derivatives which are also present to some extent in the final reaction mixture.
  • tertiary alkyl compounds falling within the class described, I prefer to use tertiary butyl compounds first and tertiary arnyl compounds second. While these may secondary ICC be alcohols, halides, and other types of Friedel-Craits reactants, I find the most convenient tertiary alkyl compounds to use are the chlorides.
  • Example 1 Diphenyl (512 grams) is added to t-amyl chloride (267 grams) and the mixture is brought to a temperature of C. in a reflux apparatus. While maintaining this temperature aluminum chloride (30 grams) is slowly added while agitating the mixture. The reaction is complete in about 2 hours. After 2 /2 hours of reacting, the mixture is treated with 25 grams of fullers earth after which it is filtered and distilled. The fraction boiling between 300 C. and 375 C. contains the desired mon tertiary arnyl diphenyls.
  • Example 2 Diphenyl (77 grams) is mixedwith t-butyl alcohol (40 grams) and the mixture is heated to 80 C. after which anhydrous aluminum chloride (34 grams) is slowly added with stirring. After reacting for two hours the mixture is extracted with two 100 ml, portions of aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture is then washed three times with water, dried and distilled. The fraction boiling between 300 C. and 330 C. contains the monotertiary butyl diphenyl isomers of this invention.
  • Example 3 Diphenyl (1010 grams) is mixed with t-butyl chloride (350 grams) and the temperature of the mixture is raised to 50 C. in a reflux apparatus. Aluminum chloride 60 grams is slowly added while the mixture is agitated and the reaction is allowed to continue for 4 hours. It is then extracted twice with 1000 ml. portions of aqueous hydrochloric acid after which it is Washed four times with water, dried, and distilled. As in the case of Example 2, the fraction boiling between 300 C. and 330 G. contains the desired monotertiary butyl diphenyl isomers.
  • Example 4 Methyl diphenyl (50 grams) is added to diisobutylene (50 grams) and the mixture is brought to a temperature of C. Aluminum chloride (25 grams) is slowly added with stirring and the reaction is allowed to continue for 1%. hours. The mixture is then treated with 20 grams of fullers earth after which it is filtered and distilled. The fraction boiling between 300 C. and 400 C. is the desired mixture of monotertiary octyl methyl diphenyl isomers.
  • the dielectric liquids of this invention have a sixty cycle dielectric strength of between 50 and 55 kilovolts.
  • Their impulse strength in a test of point to /2 sphere 1.5/40 negative wave varies from 214 kilovolts to 292 kilovolts with gap widths between /2 and one inch.
  • the dielectric liquids of this invention are very resistant to oxidation. They may be readily distilled at atmospheric pressure without undergoing any decomposition and at normal transformer operating temperatures they operate without sludging or discoloring over very long periods of time.
  • a transformer comprising a liquid-tight tank, a magnetic core positioned in said tank, a plurality of windings on said core,and a dielectric liquid surrounding said core and coils consisting of a mixture of compounds having the formula in which R is a tertiary alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and is attached to either ring and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and CH and is attached to either ring.
  • a transformer comprising a liquid-tight tank, a magnetic core positionedin said tank, a plurality of windings on said core, and a dielectric fluid consisting of monotertiary butyl diphenyl isomers surrounding said core.
  • a transformer comprising a liquid-tight tank, a magnetic core positioned in said tank, a plurality of'windings on said core, and a Zdielectric fiuid consisting of monotertiary amyl diphenyl isomers surrounding said core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
US400922A 1953-12-29 1953-12-29 Transformer with improved dielectric liquid Expired - Lifetime US2837724A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US400922A US2837724A (en) 1953-12-29 1953-12-29 Transformer with improved dielectric liquid
JP2863854A JPS325215B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1953-12-29 1954-12-27

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US400922A US2837724A (en) 1953-12-29 1953-12-29 Transformer with improved dielectric liquid

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US2837724A true US2837724A (en) 1958-06-03

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JP (1) JPS325215B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3108153A (en) * 1959-08-21 1963-10-22 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co High voltage electrical insulation including gassing inhibitor
US3145258A (en) * 1959-08-21 1964-08-18 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Treated insulation impregnant for high voltage electrical cable
FR2349939A1 (fr) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Condensateurs de type nouveau
DE2726015A1 (de) * 1976-06-08 1977-12-22 Rhone Poulenc Ind Neue fluessige dielektrika
US4108789A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-08-22 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Dielectric compositions containing benzyl esters
US4177156A (en) * 1977-03-10 1979-12-04 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Dielectric compositions comprising mixtures of polychlorinated benzenes and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons
WO1982000103A1 (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-01-21 Oil Co Pennsylvania Sun Sec-butylbiphenyl composition and process for preparing the same
US4368343A (en) * 1980-09-18 1983-01-11 Kotlyarevsky Izrail L Process for producing high-vacuum oils

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1878509A (en) * 1927-07-16 1932-09-20 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Insulating oil
US2172391A (en) * 1936-06-29 1939-09-12 Monsanto Chemicals Substituted diphenyl compositions
US2433020A (en) * 1944-08-14 1947-12-23 Standard Oil Co Catalytic alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by paraffins
US2572808A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-10-23 Monsanto Chemicals Dielectric with n, n'-1-3 dimorpholino isopropanol as scavenger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1878509A (en) * 1927-07-16 1932-09-20 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Insulating oil
US2172391A (en) * 1936-06-29 1939-09-12 Monsanto Chemicals Substituted diphenyl compositions
US2433020A (en) * 1944-08-14 1947-12-23 Standard Oil Co Catalytic alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by paraffins
US2572808A (en) * 1948-09-18 1951-10-23 Monsanto Chemicals Dielectric with n, n'-1-3 dimorpholino isopropanol as scavenger

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3108153A (en) * 1959-08-21 1963-10-22 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co High voltage electrical insulation including gassing inhibitor
US3145258A (en) * 1959-08-21 1964-08-18 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Treated insulation impregnant for high voltage electrical cable
US4108789A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-08-22 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Dielectric compositions containing benzyl esters
FR2349939A1 (fr) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Condensateurs de type nouveau
DE2726015A1 (de) * 1976-06-08 1977-12-22 Rhone Poulenc Ind Neue fluessige dielektrika
US4119555A (en) * 1976-06-08 1978-10-10 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Dielectric compositions comprising polychlorobenzene-alkyl terphenyl mixtures
US4177156A (en) * 1977-03-10 1979-12-04 Rhone-Poulenc Industries Dielectric compositions comprising mixtures of polychlorinated benzenes and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons
WO1982000103A1 (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-01-21 Oil Co Pennsylvania Sun Sec-butylbiphenyl composition and process for preparing the same
US4368343A (en) * 1980-09-18 1983-01-11 Kotlyarevsky Izrail L Process for producing high-vacuum oils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS325215B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1957-07-20

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