US2836964A - Refrigerating device comprising a gas-refrigerator - Google Patents

Refrigerating device comprising a gas-refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2836964A
US2836964A US466794A US46679454A US2836964A US 2836964 A US2836964 A US 2836964A US 466794 A US466794 A US 466794A US 46679454 A US46679454 A US 46679454A US 2836964 A US2836964 A US 2836964A
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Prior art keywords
refrigerator
gas
space
pipe
medium
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US466794A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roozendaal Klaas
Hellingman Evert
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to refrigerating devices comprising a gas-refrigerator by means of which an auxiliary medium provided in a pipe system can be condensed after which the condensate is evaporated in an evaporator, heat thus being Withdrawn from an object required to be cooled, While the produced vapour is returned to the gas-refrigerator.
  • gas-refrigerators as used herein means a refrigerator operating on the reversed hot-gas reciprocating engine principle.
  • These refrigerators may be realised in various manners, for example, as a displacer engine, as a double-acting engine, or as an engine the working space of which is combined with that of a hot-gas reciprocating engine.
  • These engines are adapted to produce cooling through a large temperature range.
  • engines may, for example, be constructed which are adapted to produce cooling at a temperature of -40 C.
  • the refrigerator may alternatively be constructed such as to produce cooling at a temperature of -80 C. or even of 200 C.
  • cooling produced by the gas-refrigerator is required to be used elsewhere, it will be possible in the above-described manner to convey this cooling elsewhere by means of an auxiliary medium.
  • a refrigerating device comprises a gasrefrigerator which produces cooling at low temperatures
  • the cooling produced by the gas-refrigerator being conveyed elsewhere by means of an auxiliary medium
  • the auxiliary medium has to satisfy particular requirements due to the larger temperature differences.
  • auxiliary medium use is made of a vapour the boiling temperature of which is less than C. at a pressure of 20 atmospheres, while at 20 C. at a maximum 1 gram-molecule of the said auxiliary medium is contained in the pipe system per dmfi.
  • auxiliary medium use may, for example, be made of methane, ethane, nitrogen and CHFgCl.
  • the amount of condensate supplied to the evaporator is varied by variation of the cooling produced by the gas-refrigerator.
  • the cooling produced by the refrigerator can be varied by turning on or turning off the refrigerator or by varying at least one of the following engine quantities, number of revolutions, pressure of the working medium, phase difference of the piston shaped members reciprocating in the engine or clearance of the engine.
  • the cooling produced by the gas-refrigerator is controlled in accordance with the temperature of the auxiliary medium.
  • the cooling produced is controlled in accordance with the pressure of the auxiliary medium. According to a further alternative embodiment of the invention the cooling produced is controlled in accordance with the amount of condensate contained in the pipe system.
  • the pipe system for the auxiliary medium comprises a space which is connected to this pipe system by means of an overflow and is arranged such that the condensate is supplied to this space if the liquid level rises at this overflow.
  • the amount of condensate may, for example, be registered by a float device, While provision may be made of a mechanism which, when the liquid level rises, controls the gas-refrigerator in a manner such that the produced cooling is reduced.
  • heat is supplied to the space by means of conduction through an element one end of which is at a temperature exceeding that of the condensate.
  • This end might, for example, be in heat-exchanging contact with the atmospheric air.
  • this method has a limitation in that boar-frost might settle on the element which would reduce the heat transfer to the element. Consequently, in a further embodiment of the invention it is desirable for one end of the element to be in heat exchanging contact with the cooling water of the refrigerator, so that the formation of hoar-frost or ice is avoided.
  • the pipe system can be reduced during operation of the refrigerator with the result that a greater. amount of liquid per dm.
  • the pipe system has to be enlarged.
  • the pipe system may be connected, when the refrigerator is stopped, to an auxiliary space by means of two pipes, one of which has a check valve arranged in it such that only auxiliary medium is allowed to flow to this space, a controllable stop valve being provided in the second part.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the auxiliary circuit comprises an additional space in which an excess amount of condensate can be evaporated
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the volume of the auxiliary circuit can be enlarged by the addition of an auxiliary space, the amount of cooling produced by the gas-refrigerator being variable by variation of the number of revolutions;
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a gas-refrigerator I realised as a so-called displacer engine.
  • This gasrefrigerator comprises a cylinder 2 in which a displacer 3 and a piston 4 reciprocate at a substantially constant phase difference.
  • the displacer is connected to a crank of a crank shaft 6 by means of a system of connecting rods, the piston being also connected to a crank of this crank shaft by means of a connecting rod system 7.
  • the space 8 on top of the displacer 3 is the freezing chamber of the engine and this space is connected to a space 12, the so-called cooled chamber, by means of a freezer 9, a regenerator 10 and a cooler 11.
  • the refrigerator is driven by an electric motor 13
  • the freezer 9 is enclosed in a space 14 in which an auxiliary medium can be condensed.
  • the condensation product is collected in an annular channel 15 and can be conveyed to an evaporator 18 through a pipe 16' in which a pump 17 may be provided.
  • the evaporator 18 is arranged in a space 19 which is required to be maintainedat a low temperature and which forms the object required to be cooled.
  • the evaporated auxiliary medium is returned to the space 14 through a pipe 20; p I
  • the space 14 is connected to an auxiliary space 22."
  • This space 22 contains a number of fins 23 connected to a rod 24 made of conducive material, for example of copper.
  • the bottom end 25 of the rod 24 is arranged in the supply-pipe 26 for the cooling Water.
  • the pipe system of the device consists of the space 14 with the space 22, the pipe 16; the evaporator 18 and the pipe 20.
  • the freezer of the gas-refrigerator is at a temperature of, for example,
  • auxiliary medium the boiling temperature of which is less than 20 C. at a pressure of 20 kg./cm. for example methane; while at this temperature'the pipe system per dm.? contains at a maximum 1 gram-molecule of this auxiliary medium; If the temperature of the freezer of the gas-refrigerator during normal operation'is, for example, -l20 in this embodiment the pipe-system contains at a maximum 16 grams of methane per dmfi and if the volume of this system is, for example, 10 dmfi, the total amount of the medium'us'ed in the pipe-system is 160 grams:
  • the installation operates as follows: Before the device is started the pipe-system which, as has been mentioned hereinbefore, consists of the pipes 16 and 20, the spaces 14 and 22 and the evaporator 18 is filled with methane in a manner such that the system contains, for example,
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a refrigerating device corresponding to the invention in which like elements are designated correspondingly.
  • the device comprises a gas-refrigerator 1 in Which'an auxiliary medium is condensed, after which it flows through a pipe 16 to an evaporator 18 arranged in a space 19.
  • the vapour produced in this evaporator is returned to the gas-refrigerator through a pipe 20 and re-condensed. Since the evaporator is arranged below the condensing space of the refrigerator, in this embodiment a circulating pump can be dispensed with.
  • the pipe 31 contains a check valve 33 arranged such that medium can only flow from the. pipe 20 to the space 30.
  • the pipe 32 contains a stop valve 34 by which the connection of the space 30 to the pipe 20 can be interrupted.
  • the pipe-system comprises a measuring device 35 adapted to measure either the temperature or the pressure of the auxiliary medium. A variation of the measured quantity enables the cooling produced by the refrigerator to be varied by means of servo-mechanisms 36 and 37, for example, by varying the speed of the motor 13 or the pressure of the working medium which runs in a closed cycle in the gas-refrigerator.
  • the installation operates as follows: before the refrigerator is put into operation the pipe-system consisting of the condensing space in the refrigerator 1, the pipe 16, the evaporator 18, the pipe 20 and the space 30 with the pipes 31 and 32, is filled with an auxiliary maximnn for example nitrogen, so that at room temperature the system contains at a maximum 1 gram-molecule of this auxiliary medium per drn. At the same time the stopvalve 34 is opened.
  • the gas-refrigerator is brought into ope f tion, the temperature and the pressure of the auxiliary"- medium will he reduced similarly to What has been described with reference to Fig. 1 until a state of equilibrium is obtained between the heat which is withdrawn from'thej medium by the refrigerator and the heat which is supplied to the auxiliary medium by means of the evaporator.
  • the stop valve 34 can be closed so that the space 30 is no longer part of the'pipe system. Consequently, in this event the pipe system contains a greater amount of medium than would be desirable. in view of the pressure which is permissible in the pipe system at room temperature. If the gas-refrigerator is turned oif, the auxiliary space 30 will remain part of the pipe-system due to the provision of the check-valve 33, even if the stop-valve 34 is kept closed.
  • the pressure and the temperature of the system will be reduced similarly to what has been described hereinbefo-re. Due to the provision of the measuring device 35 and the servo-mechanisms 36 and 37 the cooling produced by the gasqefrigerator is reduced until the state of equilibrium is restored. Similarly to what has been described relatively to the speed it is also possible to reduce the pressure .of the working medium in the gas-refrigerator; for this purpose use can be made of the known devices for controlling the pressure in hot-gas reciprocating engines.
  • a refrigerating device comprising a cold gas refrigerator; a pipe system including an evaporator; a refrigerated space; and auxiliary medium circulating in said pipe system, said evaporator and part of said cold gas" refrigerator; said medium being condensed in said cold. gas refrigerator and supplied to said refrigerated space Where said condensate is evaporated and the evaporated auxiliary medium returned to communication with said cold gas refrigerator; said auxiliary medium being a vapor in at least part of the cycle and having a boiling temperature which is less than 20 C. at a pressure of approximately 20 atmospheres, while at a temperature of 20 C. said pipe system contains a maximum of 1 grammolecule per dm. of said medium.
  • a refrigerating device as set forth in claim 2 further comprising an overflow, a receptacle for said overflow, said receptacle being supplied with condensate when said liquid level rises above a certain predetermined height.
  • a refrigerating device as set forth in claim 1 further comprising means for reducing the amount of medium in said pipe system during the operation of said cold gas refrigerator.
  • said reducing means includes an auxiliary receptacle, two conduits connecting said receptacle to the pipe system, a check valve in one of said conduits, and a stop valve arranged in the other of said conduits, said check valve being operative so that only auxiliary medium can flow to said auxiliary receptacle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
US466794A 1953-11-05 1954-11-04 Refrigerating device comprising a gas-refrigerator Expired - Lifetime US2836964A (en)

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NL182612 1953-11-05

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3033003A (en) * 1959-02-27 1962-05-08 Philips Corp Apparatus for condensing shipboard cargos of vaporizable liquid
US3101596A (en) * 1960-06-27 1963-08-27 Philips Corp Cold-gas refrigerator
US3206938A (en) * 1963-09-19 1965-09-21 Philips Corp Apparatus for the automatic transfer of cryogenic liquid from a cold source to a storage vessel
US3292501A (en) * 1963-12-24 1966-12-20 Philips Corp Device including at least one cylinder with a piston-shaped body which is movable therein
US4466251A (en) * 1982-02-23 1984-08-21 Helix Technology Corporation Fluid actuator for cryogenic valve
EP0844446A1 (en) * 1996-11-15 1998-05-27 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Stirling refrigerating system
EP1312875A1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2003-05-21 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Stirling cooling device, cooling chamber, and refrigerator
US20090165496A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2009-07-02 Hengliang Zhang Refrigerator and operating method of the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2527386A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-10-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature control device
GB695857A (en) * 1951-04-11 1953-08-19 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to refrigerators

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2527386A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-10-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Temperature control device
GB695857A (en) * 1951-04-11 1953-08-19 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to refrigerators

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3033003A (en) * 1959-02-27 1962-05-08 Philips Corp Apparatus for condensing shipboard cargos of vaporizable liquid
US3101596A (en) * 1960-06-27 1963-08-27 Philips Corp Cold-gas refrigerator
US3206938A (en) * 1963-09-19 1965-09-21 Philips Corp Apparatus for the automatic transfer of cryogenic liquid from a cold source to a storage vessel
US3292501A (en) * 1963-12-24 1966-12-20 Philips Corp Device including at least one cylinder with a piston-shaped body which is movable therein
US4466251A (en) * 1982-02-23 1984-08-21 Helix Technology Corporation Fluid actuator for cryogenic valve
EP0844446A1 (en) * 1996-11-15 1998-05-27 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Stirling refrigerating system
EP1312875A1 (en) * 2000-08-25 2003-05-21 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Stirling cooling device, cooling chamber, and refrigerator
EP1312875A4 (en) * 2000-08-25 2004-05-26 Sharp Kk STIRLING CYCLE COOLER, COOLING CHAMBER AND REFRIGERATOR
US20090165496A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2009-07-02 Hengliang Zhang Refrigerator and operating method of the same

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NL182612B (nl)

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