US2836902A - Grid support for fluidized solids vessels - Google Patents

Grid support for fluidized solids vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US2836902A
US2836902A US552997A US55299755A US2836902A US 2836902 A US2836902 A US 2836902A US 552997 A US552997 A US 552997A US 55299755 A US55299755 A US 55299755A US 2836902 A US2836902 A US 2836902A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
vessel
plate
solids
support
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Expired - Lifetime
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US552997A
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard C North
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE553243D priority Critical patent/BE553243A/xx
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority to US552997A priority patent/US2836902A/en
Priority to FR1168979D priority patent/FR1168979A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2836902A publication Critical patent/US2836902A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C10B55/02—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials
    • C10B55/04—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials
    • C10B55/08—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form
    • C10B55/10—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved apparatus for contacting fluidized solids with gasiform fluids.
  • the invention pertains more particularly to a vessel wherein finely divided solids, either catalytic or non-catalytic, are fluidized and treated or reacted with liquid or gaseous fluids, for example, for regenerative and/ or heat production purposes at temperatures above about 900 F.
  • This invention proposes an improved grid or gas distributor plate design for supporting, and uniformly distributing a gasiform reactant throughout, a high temperature fluidized solids bed within a reaction vessel.
  • This invention will find use in various fluidized solids processes such as ore roasting, drying of wet solids, coal carbonization or burning for power generation, shale retorting, catalytic cracking of gas oils, reforming of heavy naphthas, and coking of heavy oils. It has particular utility in the burning of carbon-containing solids wherein relatively high temperatures are encountered, such as in the regeneration of spent cracking or hydroforming catalyst. It is especially adapted to the partial burning of particulate fluid coke used as a heat carrier in a hydrocarbon oil fluid coking process, for supplying heated solids to the reaction zone, and will be described in relation to this fluid coking process.
  • a heavy oil-usually a low value residual oil, shale oil, asphalt, etc. is converted by pyrolysis to relatively lighter hydrocarbons and coke by contact with fluidized finely divided heat carrying solids maintained at a coking temperature in the range of 850 to 1600 F., or above.
  • the coke produced by the pyrolysis deposits on the fluidized solids, layer by layer, and becomes a part thereof.
  • the heat carrying solids normally used are coke particles produced by the process, but other types of solids can be used such as sand, spent catalyst, and metal particles.
  • Heat is supplied to the coking zone by withdrawing carbon containing solids from the coking zone and partially burning them as a fluidized bed in a burning zone, whereby their temperature is raised 100 to 400 F. above the coking temperature. The solids so heated are then returned to the coking zone.
  • This invention is concerned with an improved grid design for supporting the fluid bed within the burning zone, and for uniformly distributing the combustion air throughout the bed.
  • the perforations or open ings in the grid were designed to create a pressure drop (gas velocity) over the grid sufliciently high to prevent any significant amount of the fluidized solids from passing down through the grid.
  • a grid sealing device has been necessary to prevent air or fluidized solids from passing through the spaces between the clips and the periphery of the grid, and also from passing through the vessel insulation.
  • a thin flexible membrane of stainless steel Welded to a vapor stop attached to the vessel shell and extending over and fastened to the grid, has been used.
  • the grid sealing device in one design had an inverted V shape in cross section. A positive mechanical seal was thus formed which prevented any leakage around the grid or through clearances that existed in the grid support bolt holes.
  • This grid seal type of arrangement besides being cumbersome and expensive, has proved to be somewhat unsatisfactory. It is amenable to erosion and while accommodating horizontal movement between the grid and the vessel shell, it will accommodate only very little vertical movement without rupture. Because by necessity this grid seal arrangement is thin, it will not stand a very high pressure diiferential over the grid, which pressure diflerential in fluid coke burners may be considerable.
  • the present invention proposes an improved grid and grid sealing arrangement which overcomes these and other difliculties.
  • This novel grid design adequately allows for diiferences in thermal expansion and contraction in the equipment, while providing support for the grid and preventing passage of gases around the periphery of the grid.
  • Figure I illustrates a fluidized solids vessel containing a grid arrangement designed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • Figure ll illustrates an alternative embodiment of this invention.
  • this invention proposes a grid in the lower portion of a fluidized solids vessel in horizontal spaced relation to the Walls of the vessel, for uniformly distributing a gasiform medium throughout a fluidized bed of high temperature, particulate solids contained therein, and for supporting the bed; in combination with 'an in-part vertically disposed gas impervious skirt or definite upper level 3.
  • the fluid bed may comprise fluid. coke particles being oxidatively reheated'to supply heated solids to a hydrocarbon oilfluidcoking vessel.
  • Cool solids from the fluid coking .vessel are circulated andintroduced into burning" vessel 1 by line 4, and rehe'a ted solids at a temperature of 100 to 400 F.'above thecoking temperature are circulated to the coking zone via line 5, in a manner known by the art.
  • the fluid bed 2 is supported, and-the combustion air is uniformly distributed throughout" the fluid bed, by a gasiform' distributing" means, i. e.,. a perforated circular-grid 9.
  • the grid is horizontally spaced from the vessel walls, usually 1 V 'to 3 inches, suflicient to permit thermal expansion'of the sufficiently long to keep thermal bending-stresses plus pressure stresses to an allowable value. Thelen'gth and thickness of the.
  • skirt is welded to the vessel shell; preferably with a continuous full penetration weld, to prevent passage of air and fluidized solids around the skirt.
  • the -.skirt can also be welded to the grid, although other fastening arrangements can be used here.
  • grid 9 In vessels over about 10 ftfin diameter, grid 9 is slightly dished in order to give it the membrane strength associated with curved surfaces, thus making it selfsupporting and eliminating the framework of beams required to support flat grids. A downward, rather than an upward, dish is employed toreduce the volume of 'waste (unoccupied) space below thergrid.
  • the amount of dish in the grid represents a compromise between mechanical and process considerations. If the radius of curvature is too small, the depth of the dish causes asignificant ditference in the hydrostatic head of the fluidized solids acting in the center of the grid, compared with points near'its 4 supportthe mass of solids'in an unfluidized condition at the operating temperatures. 7
  • Figure II illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the grid, instead of being dependent or hanging from the skirt, is superposed on the skirt.-
  • the design of Figure I is preferred: because it permits place-' ment of the grid lower down in the vessel space below the grid is minimized.
  • dished grid is supported by a vertical continuous circular ring or skirt 21.
  • the skirt initiates from and is welded to the cone bottom of vessell22.
  • refractory lining or insu1ation23 'of the vessel extends part way over the'skir't to create a uniform temperature differential.
  • this grid and grid support and seal arrangement may be used in multiple forms, thus one skirt can support two or more grids in vertical spaced arrangementpor; a
  • plurality of concentric'skirts can be used 1to supportla plurality of vertically'jspiaced grids; It is desirablein some applications to use a plurality or series of grids to permit a wide variation in operating conditions; For example, two grids can be used with the lower one having a lesser free area or smaller perforations; In this way,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US552997A 1955-12-14 1955-12-14 Grid support for fluidized solids vessels Expired - Lifetime US2836902A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE553243D BE553243A (is") 1955-12-14
US552997A US2836902A (en) 1955-12-14 1955-12-14 Grid support for fluidized solids vessels
FR1168979D FR1168979A (fr) 1955-12-14 1956-12-10 Support en forme de grille pour réacteurs à solides fluidisés

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US552997A US2836902A (en) 1955-12-14 1955-12-14 Grid support for fluidized solids vessels

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US2836902A true US2836902A (en) 1958-06-03

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BE (1) BE553243A (is")
FR (1) FR1168979A (is")

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901332A (en) * 1956-09-28 1959-08-25 Standard Oil Co Grid support and seal for fluidized solids systems
US2934411A (en) * 1957-09-30 1960-04-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Distributing grid
US3202731A (en) * 1960-04-07 1965-08-24 Philips Corp Method of forming free flowing particles, containing a biologically valuable substance
US3235344A (en) * 1963-02-18 1966-02-15 Chevron Res Hydrocarbon conversion catalytic reactor
US3254476A (en) * 1962-03-16 1966-06-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Expansion joint
US3370361A (en) * 1965-04-27 1968-02-27 Lummus Co Grid for fluidized solid vessels
US3462246A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-08-19 Container Corp Fluidized bed reactor with improved constriction plate
US3653843A (en) * 1970-09-29 1972-04-04 Copeland Systems Inc Fluidized bed apparatus
US4073064A (en) * 1976-04-12 1978-02-14 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Refractory construction dome for fluidized bed reactor
US4253824A (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-03-03 Energy Products Of Idaho Tramp removal and bed recirculation system
US4532025A (en) * 1984-06-08 1985-07-30 Chevron Research Company Method of controlling catalyst regeneration for fluid catalytic cracking to minimize catalyst backflow abrasion
US4539183A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-09-03 The Lummus Company Distribution grid support structure
US4863699A (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-09-05 Shaw Donald J Grid with conical support skirt
US5100629A (en) * 1989-10-31 1992-03-31 Amoco Corporation Ebullated bed grid plate and skirt to prevent flow maldistribution and catalyst attrition
WO2013170106A3 (en) * 2012-05-09 2014-01-09 Stranded Solutions, Llc Method of making oxygenates from a non-catalytic chemical reaction

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2651565A (en) * 1951-05-02 1953-09-08 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for uniform distribution and contacting of subdivided solid particles
US2662813A (en) * 1951-06-23 1953-12-15 Standard Oil Dev Co Regenerator apparatus for fluidizable solid materials

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2651565A (en) * 1951-05-02 1953-09-08 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for uniform distribution and contacting of subdivided solid particles
US2662813A (en) * 1951-06-23 1953-12-15 Standard Oil Dev Co Regenerator apparatus for fluidizable solid materials

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901332A (en) * 1956-09-28 1959-08-25 Standard Oil Co Grid support and seal for fluidized solids systems
US2934411A (en) * 1957-09-30 1960-04-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Distributing grid
US3202731A (en) * 1960-04-07 1965-08-24 Philips Corp Method of forming free flowing particles, containing a biologically valuable substance
US3254476A (en) * 1962-03-16 1966-06-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Expansion joint
US3235344A (en) * 1963-02-18 1966-02-15 Chevron Res Hydrocarbon conversion catalytic reactor
US3370361A (en) * 1965-04-27 1968-02-27 Lummus Co Grid for fluidized solid vessels
US3462246A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-08-19 Container Corp Fluidized bed reactor with improved constriction plate
US3653843A (en) * 1970-09-29 1972-04-04 Copeland Systems Inc Fluidized bed apparatus
US4073064A (en) * 1976-04-12 1978-02-14 Dorr-Oliver Incorporated Refractory construction dome for fluidized bed reactor
US4253824A (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-03-03 Energy Products Of Idaho Tramp removal and bed recirculation system
US4539183A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-09-03 The Lummus Company Distribution grid support structure
US4532025A (en) * 1984-06-08 1985-07-30 Chevron Research Company Method of controlling catalyst regeneration for fluid catalytic cracking to minimize catalyst backflow abrasion
US4863699A (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-09-05 Shaw Donald J Grid with conical support skirt
EP0327383A3 (en) * 1988-02-05 1990-01-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Vessel containing grid with conical support skirt
US5100629A (en) * 1989-10-31 1992-03-31 Amoco Corporation Ebullated bed grid plate and skirt to prevent flow maldistribution and catalyst attrition
WO2013170106A3 (en) * 2012-05-09 2014-01-09 Stranded Solutions, Llc Method of making oxygenates from a non-catalytic chemical reaction
CN104470875A (zh) * 2012-05-09 2015-03-25 链解决方案公司 一种通过非催化的化学反应生成含氧化合物的方法
US9290426B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2016-03-22 Stranded Solutions, Llc Method of making oxygenates from a non-catalytic chemical reaction
CN104470875B (zh) * 2012-05-09 2016-08-17 链解决方案公司 一种通过非催化的化学反应生成含氧化合物的方法
EA029065B1 (ru) * 2012-05-09 2018-02-28 СТРАНДЕД СОЛЮШНС Эл-Эл-Си Способ получения оксигенатов путем некаталитической химической реакции

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FR1168979A (fr) 1958-12-19
BE553243A (is")

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