US2835022A - Process of making metal product - Google Patents
Process of making metal product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2835022A US2835022A US486823A US48682355A US2835022A US 2835022 A US2835022 A US 2835022A US 486823 A US486823 A US 486823A US 48682355 A US48682355 A US 48682355A US 2835022 A US2835022 A US 2835022A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- tube
- metal
- casing
- sheath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPYGGHVSFMUHLH-UUSULHAXSA-N falecalcitriol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(O)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C XPYGGHVSFMUHLH-UUSULHAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
- Y10T29/301—Method
- Y10T29/303—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack
- Y10T29/304—Using transitory solid cover material
Definitions
- This invention relates to a newprocess of producing light gauge metal stripsand more particularly to aprocess that is particularly adapted for the rolling of highly alloyed materials and pure metals.
- Another object of this invention is 'to .provide :a process of hot rolling a composite metal article comprising an enclosed strip ofmetal wherein both the closure and the strip are contemporaneously .rolled and may :be subsequently separated as and when desired.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide a process of hot rolling a composite article including a protective sheath for a strip being reduced to a predetermined gauge and wherein the sheath may also be used as a shield during subsequent handling and even shaping of the product.
- a process of rolling metal strips the steps of coating a strip to be treated with a material to prevent it from forge welding to a casing in a subsequent hot rolling step, inserting the coated strip endwise into a longitudinal casing, closing each of the ends of the casing to enclose substantially completely within the casing the inserted strip, heating the casing and .strip assembly, hot rolling and flattening the assembly to reduce the inserted strip to a predetermined thickness while the strip is substantially out of contact with the atmosphere, and during such heating and rolling steps venting gases through openings in the ends of the casing.
- Another feature of the invention relates to shearing at least one edge of the casing, sheath or closure beyond an adjoining edge of the rolled insert strip to facilitate separation of the two.
- Another feature of the invention relates to-the use of a. simple refractory material as a coating for the strip insert to prevent forge welding of it to the outer closure during the hot rolling operation.
- Figure 2 is an end view, on a reduced scale, of a me tallic tube for use as a closure .for'the strip during subsequent hot rolling of .a composite of the two;
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of a composite article comprising the strip of Figure 1 in the tube of Figure 2 after the tube has been partially collapsed on the;inserted strip and the ends of :the tube welded with suitable gas .vent openings therein;
- Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken on the line IVIV of Figure 3 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows showing the strip separated from .the enclosing flattened tube lay-coatings and showing'the longitudinal edges of the tube extending beyond the side edges of the strip;
- Figure 5 is 'a side view of the composite .article of Figure 3 partly broken away after the article has been reduced by hot rolling to vprovide the desired gauge of strip on the interior of the enclosing tube or sheath and showing by vertical .lines how the edges of the sheath may be sheared beyond the side edges of the enclosed strip to facilitate removalof the strip from theclosure or sheath; and
- Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view partly broken away showing the reduced strip after it has been removed from the enclosure.
- the :reference character 10 designates generally a metallic strip or insert which is to be reduced to a predetermined gauge.
- This strip may be of any suitable length and can be of a metal such as a highly alloyed metal, high speed and heat resisting steel or even a relatively pure .metal such, for example, as titanium, zirconium or tungsten. Such material is usually quite expensive and it is. highly desirable to reduce to a minimum losses in hot rolling of the strip such as isoccasioned.by-e'dgercraokscaling, et cetera. In the :case of the rarer metals, this itemalone can bequite an-expensive-faetor.
- the reference character 11 designates in Figure .2 : a metal tube, sheath, closure or casing which may be made of any suitable steel, such, for example, as a low carbon steel i. e. SAE 1010 to 1020.
- a tube of a length slightly in excess of that of the strip 10 to be reduced is provided; and it should be of a diameter such that after partial collapsing it can receive therein the metal strip 10 as shown in Figure 4.
- a suitable material known as a separating compound Prior to the insertion of the strip 10 in the tube, it is first coated with a suitable material known as a separating compound and which is employed to prevent the inserted strip from forge welding to the tube or casing 11 in the subsequent hot rolling operations.
- a coating 13 may be applied all around the strip or at least to both sides of the strip as shown in Figure 4.
- Excellent results have been obtained by employing a refractory compound of aluminum oxide suspended in a lacquer and thinner.
- such a compound can be made by mixing one part of a suitable thinner, one and onehalf parts of a suitable lacquer and one part of aluminum oxide (Norton 2F grain).
- the foregoing constituents of the coating are mixed together into a paste or paint-like substance which may be brushed or painted on the strip 10 to provide the coatings 13-13.
- the next step in the process is to close the ends 15-15 of the casing or tube with the strip or insert 10 therein.
- the prepared assembly or composite article shown in Figure 3 is then heated to a suitable or conventional forging temperature and the entire assembly is then passed through conventional forging rolls to reduce the same to an extent sufficient to provide the required gauge thickness of a rolled strip 18.
- One or more passages of the composite article or assembly through conventional rolls as required may be eifected. This results in the flattened composite product shown at 17 in Figure 5.
- this flattened article 17 may be shipped to the customer in this form in which event the outer casing or tube serves as a protective shield for the interior strip 18 until the customer desires to use the strip.
- the tube or sheath may be removed in cases of less precious metal and the strip 18 may be shipped without the enclosing sheath or tube, such strip being shown in Figure 6.
- the longitudinal edges of the same may be sheared or cut as designated by the lines 2020 in Figure 5. It will be appreciated that at least one edge should be sheared in order to enable the strip to be removed from the casing or tube. If only one edge is sheared, the sides of the tube may be spread apart and the strip removed. If both edges are sheared at 20-40, then removal may be effected by simply separating the upper and lower sides of the sheared tube or sheath from the enclosed flattened insert.
- a process of rolling metal strips the steps of coating a strip to be treated with a refractory material, partially flattening a longitudinal metal tube, inserting the coated strip endwise and completely into the partially flattened protective metal tube, closing each of the ends of the tube to enclose substantially completely the inserted strip therein, providing the tube with gas vent openings beyond the edges of the strip inserted therein, heating the tube and strip assembly, hot rolling and flattening the assembly to reduce the inserted strip to a predetermined thickness while the strip is substantially out of contact with the atmosphere except at the aforesaid vent openings, and shearing at least one of the longitudinal edges of the flattened tube so that the inserted strip may be removed therefrom.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Description
May 20, 1958 E. J. HARRIS PROCESS OF MAKING METAL PRODUCT Filed Feb. 8, 1955 [fixer-Mb? [OM/A20 d. fimee/s & K;%
United States Patent POfifice 2,835,022 Patented May 20, $1 958 PROCESS OF MAKINGMETALPRODUCT Edward J. Harris, Washington, Pa., assignor to Iessop Steel Company, Washington, 2a., .a corporation of Pennsylvania Application February 8, 1955 Serial No. 486,823 1 Claim. (CI. 29-19) This invention relates to a newprocess of producing light gauge metal stripsand more particularly to aprocess that is particularly adapted for the rolling of highly alloyed materials and pure metals.
In the hot rolling of highly alloyed materials, such as stainless steel and strips of relatively scarcer pure metal, such as titanium, zirconium and tungsten, difficulties have heretofore been experienced with edgecrack ing due to a temperature dilterential between the center and the edges of the article being rolled. Likewise, certain hlghly alloyed materials, as, for example, high speed steels, have a strong tendency toward surface .decarburization due to reaction of gases present in .the'surrounding atmosphere or furnace. Similarly, pure metals have a tendency to absorb furnaces .gaseswhich is detrimental to the product and results in inferior finished products.
It is an object of this invention to provide a process of hot rolling highly alloyed or.pure:1netals in.a. manner which would negate the effect of temperature diiferential and at the same time provide adequate surface protection against decarburization and against unwanted gases.
Another object of this invention :is 'to .provide :a process of hot rolling a composite metal article comprising an enclosed strip ofmetal wherein both the closure and the strip are contemporaneously .rolled and may :be subsequently separated as and when desired.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a process of hot rolling a composite article including a protective sheath for a strip being reduced to a predetermined gauge and wherein the sheath may also be used as a shield during subsequent handling and even shaping of the product.
In accordance with the general features of this invenflon, there is provided in a process of rolling metal strips, the steps of coating a strip to be treated with a material to prevent it from forge welding to a casing in a subsequent hot rolling step, inserting the coated strip endwise into a longitudinal casing, closing each of the ends of the casing to enclose substantially completely within the casing the inserted strip, heating the casing and .strip assembly, hot rolling and flattening the assembly to reduce the inserted strip to a predetermined thickness while the strip is substantially out of contact with the atmosphere, and during such heating and rolling steps venting gases through openings in the ends of the casing.
Another feature of the invention relates to shearing at least one edge of the casing, sheath or closure beyond an adjoining edge of the rolled insert strip to facilitate separation of the two.
Another feature of the invention relates to-the use of a. simple refractory material as a coating for the strip insert to prevent forge welding of it to the outer closure during the hot rolling operation.
Other objects and features of this invention may more fully appear from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which illusgrate a single embodiment thereof and in which- Figure 1;is aperspective View, partly broken away, of a strip of metal to be reduced during rolling;
Figure 2 is an end view, on a reduced scale, of a me tallic tube for use as a closure .for'the strip during subsequent hot rolling of .a composite of the two;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a composite article comprising the strip of Figure 1 in the tube of Figure 2 after the tube has been partially collapsed on the;inserted strip and the ends of :the tube welded with suitable gas .vent openings therein;
Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken on the line IVIV of Figure 3 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows showing the strip separated from .the enclosing flattened tube lay-coatings and showing'the longitudinal edges of the tube extending beyond the side edges of the strip;
Figure 5 is 'a side view of the composite .article of Figure 3 partly broken away after the article has been reduced by hot rolling to vprovide the desired gauge of strip on the interior of the enclosing tube or sheath and showing by vertical .lines how the edges of the sheath may be sheared beyond the side edges of the enclosed strip to facilitate removalof the strip from theclosure or sheath; and
Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view partly broken away showing the reduced strip after it has been removed from the enclosure.
As shown on the-drawings:
The :reference character =10 designates generally a metallic strip or insert which is to be reduced to a predetermined gauge. This strip may be of any suitable length and can be of a metal such as a highly alloyed metal, high speed and heat resisting steel or even a relatively pure .metal such, for example, as titanium, zirconium or tungsten. Such material is usually quite expensive and it is. highly desirable to reduce to a minimum losses in hot rolling of the strip such as isoccasioned.by-e'dgercraokscaling, et cetera. In the :case of the rarer metals, this itemalone can bequite an-expensive-faetor.
The reference character 11 designates in Figure .2 :a metal tube, sheath, closure or casing which may be made of any suitable steel, such, for example, as a low carbon steel i. e. SAE 1010 to 1020. A tube of a length slightly in excess of that of the strip 10 to be reduced is provided; and it should be of a diameter such that after partial collapsing it can receive therein the metal strip 10 as shown in Figure 4.
Prior to the insertion of the strip 10 in the tube, it is first coated with a suitable material known as a separating compound and which is employed to prevent the inserted strip from forge welding to the tube or casing 11 in the subsequent hot rolling operations. Such a coating 13 may be applied all around the strip or at least to both sides of the strip as shown in Figure 4. Excellent results have been obtained by employing a refractory compound of aluminum oxide suspended in a lacquer and thinner. For illustration, such a compound can be made by mixing one part of a suitable thinner, one and onehalf parts of a suitable lacquer and one part of aluminum oxide (Norton 2F grain).
The foregoing constituents of the coating are mixed together into a paste or paint-like substance which may be brushed or painted on the strip 10 to provide the coatings 13-13.
It will be perceived that when the composite product is assembled, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the elliptical or flattened steel tube 11 has its longitudinal edges slightly spaced at 14-44 from the adjoining longitudinal edges of the strip 19.
The next step in the process is to close the ends 15-15 of the casing or tube with the strip or insert 10 therein.
during the subsequent operations.
The prepared assembly or composite article shown in Figure 3 is then heated to a suitable or conventional forging temperature and the entire assembly is then passed through conventional forging rolls to reduce the same to an extent sufficient to provide the required gauge thickness of a rolled strip 18. One or more passages of the composite article or assembly through conventional rolls as required may be eifected. This results in the flattened composite product shown at 17 in Figure 5.
Now this flattened article 17 may be shipped to the customer in this form in which event the outer casing or tube serves as a protective shield for the interior strip 18 until the customer desires to use the strip. On the other hand, the tube or sheath may be removed in cases of less precious metal and the strip 18 may be shipped without the enclosing sheath or tube, such strip being shown in Figure 6.
In order to effect separation of the tube, sheath or casing from the strip 18, the longitudinal edges of the same may be sheared or cut as designated by the lines 2020 in Figure 5. It will be appreciated that at least one edge should be sheared in order to enable the strip to be removed from the casing or tube. If only one edge is sheared, the sides of the tube may be spread apart and the strip removed. If both edges are sheared at 20-40, then removal may be effected by simply separating the upper and lower sides of the sheared tube or sheath from the enclosed flattened insert.
It should also be noted that in some cases it might be desirable not only to ship the strip in encased form, but also to fabricate products from the strip by stamping clear through the sheet and strip by any suitable press equipment. In that event, the outer layers of the case or enclosure serve to protect the enclosed strip during the stamping operation and to minimize the formation of burrs on the edge of the pieces of the strip as the same is sheared in the press equipment.
Some of the advantages of this process are as follows:
(1) It eliminates the necessity of a cold rolling operation, such as is quite generally required to reduce light gauges of metal.
'ings.
4 (2) It eliminates the necessity for intermediate anneal- (3) It minimizes the likelihood of edge cracking on the reduced strip.
(4) It increases yields and conserves highly strategic materials by virtue of the minimizing of loss from edge cracking, scaling, et cetera.
(5) It also considerably minimizes so called surface decarburization of the reduced strip.
(6) Lastly, it minimizes the absorption of harmful gases by the enclosed strip during the reduction operations.
It will be understood that modifications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the present invention.
1 claim as my invention:
In a process of rolling metal strips, the steps of coating a strip to be treated with a refractory material, partially flattening a longitudinal metal tube, inserting the coated strip endwise and completely into the partially flattened protective metal tube, closing each of the ends of the tube to enclose substantially completely the inserted strip therein, providing the tube with gas vent openings beyond the edges of the strip inserted therein, heating the tube and strip assembly, hot rolling and flattening the assembly to reduce the inserted strip to a predetermined thickness while the strip is substantially out of contact with the atmosphere except at the aforesaid vent openings, and shearing at least one of the longitudinal edges of the flattened tube so that the inserted strip may be removed therefrom.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 704,285 Allis July 8, 1902 731,732 Allis June 23, 1903 910,684 Horner' Ian. 26, 1909 2,018,725 Johnson et a1 Oct. 29, 1935 2,050,298 Everett Aug. 11, 1936 2,159,043 Orr May 23, 1939 2,593,460 Johnson Apr. 22, 1952 2,645,842 Orr July 21, 1953
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US486823A US2835022A (en) | 1955-02-08 | 1955-02-08 | Process of making metal product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US486823A US2835022A (en) | 1955-02-08 | 1955-02-08 | Process of making metal product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2835022A true US2835022A (en) | 1958-05-20 |
Family
ID=23933373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US486823A Expired - Lifetime US2835022A (en) | 1955-02-08 | 1955-02-08 | Process of making metal product |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2835022A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3164884A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | 1965-01-12 | United States Steel Corp | Multiple rolling of sheets |
US3174221A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1965-03-23 | Oregon Metallurgical Corp | Process for making sheet from brittle metals |
US5121535A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-06-16 | Sulzer Bros. Ltd. | Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals |
US5127146A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-07-07 | Sulzer Brothers, Ltd. | Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals |
US5903813A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 1999-05-11 | Advanced Materials Products, Inc. | Method of forming thin dense metal sections from reactive alloy powders |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US704285A (en) * | 1902-07-08 | Compound for use in reducing metal sheets in packs | ||
US731732A (en) * | 1902-05-14 | 1903-06-23 | Thomas V Allis | Method of manufacturing thin metal sheets. |
US910684A (en) * | 1908-04-07 | 1909-01-26 | John T Horner | Method of transforming scrap-pipe into flat metal. |
US2018725A (en) * | 1933-06-19 | 1935-10-29 | Plykrome Corp | Process of making composite metal plates |
US2050298A (en) * | 1934-04-25 | 1936-08-11 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Metal reducing method |
US2159043A (en) * | 1936-12-24 | 1939-05-23 | Jr John B Orr | Method of handling and working metal members |
US2593460A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | Method of producing metal sheets | ||
US2645842A (en) * | 1947-02-28 | 1953-07-21 | United States Steel Corp | Multiple rolling of strip |
-
1955
- 1955-02-08 US US486823A patent/US2835022A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US704285A (en) * | 1902-07-08 | Compound for use in reducing metal sheets in packs | ||
US2593460A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | Method of producing metal sheets | ||
US731732A (en) * | 1902-05-14 | 1903-06-23 | Thomas V Allis | Method of manufacturing thin metal sheets. |
US910684A (en) * | 1908-04-07 | 1909-01-26 | John T Horner | Method of transforming scrap-pipe into flat metal. |
US2018725A (en) * | 1933-06-19 | 1935-10-29 | Plykrome Corp | Process of making composite metal plates |
US2050298A (en) * | 1934-04-25 | 1936-08-11 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Metal reducing method |
US2159043A (en) * | 1936-12-24 | 1939-05-23 | Jr John B Orr | Method of handling and working metal members |
US2645842A (en) * | 1947-02-28 | 1953-07-21 | United States Steel Corp | Multiple rolling of strip |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3164884A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | 1965-01-12 | United States Steel Corp | Multiple rolling of sheets |
US3174221A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1965-03-23 | Oregon Metallurgical Corp | Process for making sheet from brittle metals |
US5121535A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-06-16 | Sulzer Bros. Ltd. | Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals |
US5127146A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-07-07 | Sulzer Brothers, Ltd. | Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals |
US5903813A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 1999-05-11 | Advanced Materials Products, Inc. | Method of forming thin dense metal sections from reactive alloy powders |
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