US2833736A - Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition - Google Patents
Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2833736A US2833736A US369231A US36923153A US2833736A US 2833736 A US2833736 A US 2833736A US 369231 A US369231 A US 369231A US 36923153 A US36923153 A US 36923153A US 2833736 A US2833736 A US 2833736A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- ink
- ink composition
- graphite
- aqueous graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
Definitions
- This invention relates to ink and more particularly to a new composition of ink that has characteristics especially uesful for certain drafting purposes.
- pencil work is subject to certain disadvantages. Prints and other reproductions of pencil tracings are poor in that the lines are light. Also, a pencil compass produces a light line which must be gone over a number of times to obtain a line' of suflicient weight. This process tends to emboss the paper so that if the line must be erased, an impression nevertheless remains.
- a further disadvantage of pencil work is the susceptibility to smudging.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an ink that will not smudge and is also readily erasable.
- a further object of this invention is to provide an ink that will produce lines from which clear and well defined prints can be made.
- the ink of the present invention contemplates an aqueous solution ineluding graphite particles of a size of 2 to -5 microns. It is found that when this graphite ink is applied to a writing surface, the graphite particles, due to their flake structure and size, are prevented from penetrating the surface. Since the particles lay on the surface, the lines or other marks may be easily erased. This characteristic is in contradistinction to carbon black which is normally found in drafting inks. The carbon particles being of a much smaller size and not possessing a flake structure tend to flow into the interstices of the paper fibers to a depth that makes erasing extremely difiicult in most cases.
- a preferred binder is polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trade name Elvanol, and a particularly suitable grade is their Elvanol 50-42. It is found that a dilute water solution wherein the surface tension is within the range of 40 to 65 dynes per cm. provides an ink with a wetting quality permitting proper flow while preventing undue spreading.
- binders may be used in the alternative.
- methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, glue, :gum arabic, starch, or shellac solubilized by an alkali such as borax or ammonia are equally well suited as binding materials.
- the concentration should be very dilute, as in the preferred example, as to come within the range of surface tension hereinabove set forth. If the surface tension happens to fall outside of the desired range it may be adjusted by addition of suitable surface active materials in minute amounts in manner well known in the art.
- the weak concentration of binder solution in combination with the graphite particles gives the ink the erasable characteristics of pencil.
- ink of the present invention has been described as particularly adapted for certain drafting purposes, it is readily seen that it is well suited for any purposes where an easily erasable non-smudging ink is desirable.
- a drawing ink comprising graphite particles within the size range of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water, said ink having the following proportions: 8 to 12 grams graphite, .2 to .3 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 160 to 240 grams water.
- a drawing ink having the erasable characteristics of pencil comprising graphite particles of a size of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a polyvinyl alcohol water solution having a surface tension within the range of 40 to dynes per cm., said ink having substantially the following proportions: 10 grams graphite, .25 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 200 grams of water.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Description
United States Patent AQUEOUS GRAPHITE-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL INK COMPOSITION Harry W. Glaser, Middle Village, N. Y., assignor to The Western Union Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application July 20, 1953 Serial No. 369,231
2 Claims. 01. 260-296) This invention relates to ink and more particularly to a new composition of ink that has characteristics especially uesful for certain drafting purposes.
in making paper tracings and other short term records, it is customary to use pencil because pencil lines are erasable and conveniently and quickly made. However, pencil work is subject to certain disadvantages. Prints and other reproductions of pencil tracings are poor in that the lines are light. Also, a pencil compass produces a light line which must be gone over a number of times to obtain a line' of suflicient weight. This process tends to emboss the paper so that if the line must be erased, an impression nevertheless remains. A further disadvantage of pencil work is the susceptibility to smudging. These problems may of course be overcome by employing India ink, but this presents the disadvantage of not being readily erasable.
It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide an improved drafting ink.
Another object of the invention is to provide an ink that will not smudge and is also readily erasable.
A further object of this invention is to provide an ink that will produce lines from which clear and well defined prints can be made.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description.
In accordance with the above objects, the ink of the present invention contemplates an aqueous solution ineluding graphite particles of a size of 2 to -5 microns. It is found that when this graphite ink is applied to a writing surface, the graphite particles, due to their flake structure and size, are prevented from penetrating the surface. Since the particles lay on the surface, the lines or other marks may be easily erased. This characteristic is in contradistinction to carbon black which is normally found in drafting inks. The carbon particles being of a much smaller size and not possessing a flake structure tend to flow into the interstices of the paper fibers to a depth that makes erasing extremely difiicult in most cases.
A preferred binder is polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trade name Elvanol, and a particularly suitable grade is their Elvanol 50-42. It is found that a dilute water solution wherein the surface tension is within the range of 40 to 65 dynes per cm. provides an ink with a wetting quality permitting proper flow while preventing undue spreading.
f0 CC The preferred formula for the ink of the present invention is as follows:
Experiments have shown that each of the above quantitles may be varied 20% plus or minus without losing any of the desirable characteristics previously set forth.
Through polyvinyl alcohol yields highly satisfactory results, other water soluble binders may be used in the alternative. For example, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, glue, :gum arabic, starch, or shellac solubilized by an alkali such as borax or ammonia are equally well suited as binding materials. When employing one of the alternative binders, the concentration should be very dilute, as in the preferred example, as to come within the range of surface tension hereinabove set forth. If the surface tension happens to fall outside of the desired range it may be adjusted by addition of suitable surface active materials in minute amounts in manner well known in the art. The weak concentration of binder solution in combination with the graphite particles gives the ink the erasable characteristics of pencil.
While the ink of the present invention has been described as particularly adapted for certain drafting purposes, it is readily seen that it is well suited for any purposes where an easily erasable non-smudging ink is desirable.
What is claimed is:
1. A drawing ink comprising graphite particles within the size range of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water, said ink having the following proportions: 8 to 12 grams graphite, .2 to .3 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 160 to 240 grams water.
2. A drawing ink having the erasable characteristics of pencil comprising graphite particles of a size of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a polyvinyl alcohol water solution having a surface tension within the range of 40 to dynes per cm., said ink having substantially the following proportions: 10 grams graphite, .25 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 200 grams of water.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,364,406 Olsen Jan. 4,- 1921 2,357,927 Berg Sept. 12, 1944 2,542,304 Boucher et a1. Feb. 20, 1951 2,556,902 Chambers et al. June 12, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 262 Great Britain of 1873 OTHER REFERENCES Healey, Paint Manufacture. March 1943, 3, pages 48-52.
Claims (1)
1. A DRAWING INK COMPRISING GRAPHITE PARTICLES WITHIN THE SIZE RANGE OF 2 TO 5 MICRONS AS A BINDER THERETO A SOLUTION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL IN WATER, SAID INK HAVING THE FOLLOWING PROPORTIONS: 8 TO 12 GRAMS GRAPHITE, .2 TO .3 GRAM POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND 160 TO 240 GRAMS WATER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US369231A US2833736A (en) | 1953-07-20 | 1953-07-20 | Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US369231A US2833736A (en) | 1953-07-20 | 1953-07-20 | Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2833736A true US2833736A (en) | 1958-05-06 |
Family
ID=23454647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US369231A Expired - Lifetime US2833736A (en) | 1953-07-20 | 1953-07-20 | Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2833736A (en) |
Cited By (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3111497A (en) * | 1960-08-12 | 1963-11-19 | Kenner Products Company | Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol coating composition containing aluminum glitter pigment |
| US4329262A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-05-11 | Scripto, Inc. | Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument |
| US4329264A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-05-11 | Scripto, Inc. | Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink |
| US5476580A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-12-19 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Processes for preparing a non-conductive substrate for electroplating |
| US5554739A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-09-10 | Cabot Corporation | Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products |
| US5559169A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-09-24 | Cabot Corporation | EPDM, HNBR and Butyl rubber compositions containing carbon black products |
| US5571311A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-11-05 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet ink formulations containing carbon black products |
| US5575845A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-11-19 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon black products for coloring mineral binders |
| US5630868A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-05-20 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet ink formulations containing modified carbon products |
| US5672198A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-09-30 | Cabot Corporation | Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5690805A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1997-11-25 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
| US5698016A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-16 | Cabot Corporation | Compositions of modified carbon products and amphiphilic ions and methods of using the same |
| US5707432A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-13 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5713988A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-02-03 | Cabot Corporation | Non-aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5725807A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1998-03-10 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Carbon containing composition for electroplating |
| US5747562A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-05-05 | Cabot Corporation | Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black |
| US5807494A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-09-15 | Boes; Ralph Ulrich | Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products |
| US5851280A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-12-22 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US5863323A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1999-01-26 | Cabot Corporation | Mineral binders colored with silicon-containing carbon black |
| US5916934A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1999-06-29 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks |
| US5919855A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-07-06 | Cabot Corporation | Use of modified carbon black in gas-phase polymerizations |
| US5958999A (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 1999-09-28 | Cabot Corporation | Ink compositions and method for generating images produced therefrom |
| US6028137A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2000-02-22 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| US6171468B1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2001-01-09 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
| US6303181B1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2001-10-16 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process employing a cationic conditioner and a binder |
| US6323273B1 (en) | 1995-05-22 | 2001-11-27 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| WO2001081484A3 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-02-21 | Berol Corp | Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods |
| US20020056686A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2002-05-16 | Agathagelos Kyrlidis | Chromatography and other adsorptions using modified carbon adsorbents |
| WO2002002700A3 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-05-23 | Berol Corp | Erasable inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6436178B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2002-08-20 | Cabot Corporation | Inkjet ink and other ink compositions containing cyclic amides |
| US6450632B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2002-09-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Underprinting fluid compositions to improve inkjet printer image color and stability |
| US6494943B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2002-12-17 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments |
| US6500880B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-12-31 | Hewlett-Packard Comapny | Black to color bleed control using specific polymers in ink-jet printing inks containing pigmented inks requiring dispersants |
| US6506245B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-01-14 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments |
| US6558459B2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2003-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company | Derivatization of dyes/pigments with crown ethers and inkjet printing fluids containing the same |
| US6663704B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2003-12-16 | Berol Corporation | Pearlescent inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| EP1388576A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-11 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Fluid set for ink-jet printers |
| US6710259B2 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2004-03-23 | Electrochemicals, Inc. | Printed wiring boards and methods for making them |
| US6863713B1 (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2005-03-08 | Cabot Corporation | Method to adsorb an adsorbate using modified carbonaceous material |
| EP1900766A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2008-03-19 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| US20080159947A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-07-03 | Yurovskaya Irina S | Carbon Blacks Having Low PAH Amounts and Methods of Making Same |
| US7544238B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-06-09 | Cabot Corporation | Modified pigments having steric and amphiphilic groups |
| EP2316875A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2011-05-04 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| US9175150B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2015-11-03 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and elastomers containing the same |
| US9267048B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2016-02-23 | Cabot Corporation | Methods to control electrical resistivity in filler-polymer compositions and products related thereto |
| US9790393B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-10-17 | Cabot Corporation | Coatings having filler-polymer compositions with combined low dielectric constant, high resistivity, and optical density properties and controlled electrical resistivity, devices made therewith, and methods for making same |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB187300262A (en) * | 1873-01-23 | 1873-07-18 | ||
| US1364406A (en) * | 1920-04-24 | 1921-01-04 | Chester Novelty Company Inc | Ink-stick |
| US2357927A (en) * | 1940-07-24 | 1944-09-12 | Berg James Raymond | Emulsion printing ink |
| US2542304A (en) * | 1950-12-29 | 1951-02-20 | Cormack E Boucher | Radiographic sheet |
| US2556902A (en) * | 1949-04-16 | 1951-06-12 | Dick Co Ab | Stencil duplicating inks |
-
1953
- 1953-07-20 US US369231A patent/US2833736A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB187300262A (en) * | 1873-01-23 | 1873-07-18 | ||
| US1364406A (en) * | 1920-04-24 | 1921-01-04 | Chester Novelty Company Inc | Ink-stick |
| US2357927A (en) * | 1940-07-24 | 1944-09-12 | Berg James Raymond | Emulsion printing ink |
| US2556902A (en) * | 1949-04-16 | 1951-06-12 | Dick Co Ab | Stencil duplicating inks |
| US2542304A (en) * | 1950-12-29 | 1951-02-20 | Cormack E Boucher | Radiographic sheet |
Cited By (71)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3111497A (en) * | 1960-08-12 | 1963-11-19 | Kenner Products Company | Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol coating composition containing aluminum glitter pigment |
| US4329264A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-05-11 | Scripto, Inc. | Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink |
| US4329262A (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-05-11 | Scripto, Inc. | Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument |
| US20040084321A1 (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 2004-05-06 | Thorn Charles Edwin | Printed wiring boards and methods for making them |
| US5476580A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-12-19 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Processes for preparing a non-conductive substrate for electroplating |
| US6303181B1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2001-10-16 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process employing a cationic conditioner and a binder |
| US6171468B1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2001-01-09 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
| US7186923B2 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2007-03-06 | Electrochemicals, Inc. | Printed wiring boards and methods for making them |
| US6710259B2 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2004-03-23 | Electrochemicals, Inc. | Printed wiring boards and methods for making them |
| US5725807A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1998-03-10 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Carbon containing composition for electroplating |
| US5690805A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1997-11-25 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
| US5630868A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-05-20 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet ink formulations containing modified carbon products |
| US6107350A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 2000-08-22 | Cabot Corporation | Gel compositions |
| US5713988A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-02-03 | Cabot Corporation | Non-aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5672198A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-09-30 | Cabot Corporation | Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5575845A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-11-19 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon black products for coloring mineral binders |
| US5571311A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-11-05 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet ink formulations containing carbon black products |
| US7294185B2 (en) | 1994-12-15 | 2007-11-13 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US5807494A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-09-15 | Boes; Ralph Ulrich | Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products |
| US5851280A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-12-22 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US5554739A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-09-10 | Cabot Corporation | Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products |
| US5900029A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1999-05-04 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US5559169A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-09-24 | Cabot Corporation | EPDM, HNBR and Butyl rubber compositions containing carbon black products |
| US6494946B1 (en) | 1994-12-15 | 2002-12-17 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US20050034629A1 (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 2005-02-17 | Belmont James A. | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US6740151B2 (en) | 1994-12-15 | 2004-05-25 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US6042643A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 2000-03-28 | Cabot Corporation | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| US6028137A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2000-02-22 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| US20030040553A1 (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 2003-02-27 | Khaled Mahmud | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| US5916934A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1999-06-29 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks |
| US5863323A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1999-01-26 | Cabot Corporation | Mineral binders colored with silicon-containing carbon black |
| US6323273B1 (en) | 1995-05-22 | 2001-11-27 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| US6448309B2 (en) | 1995-05-22 | 2002-09-10 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks |
| US5958999A (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 1999-09-28 | Cabot Corporation | Ink compositions and method for generating images produced therefrom |
| US5803959A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-09-08 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and ink jet inks, inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US20020056686A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2002-05-16 | Agathagelos Kyrlidis | Chromatography and other adsorptions using modified carbon adsorbents |
| US6863713B1 (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2005-03-08 | Cabot Corporation | Method to adsorb an adsorbate using modified carbonaceous material |
| US5698016A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-16 | Cabot Corporation | Compositions of modified carbon products and amphiphilic ions and methods of using the same |
| US5707432A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-13 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US6169129B1 (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2001-01-02 | Cabot Corporation | Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black |
| US5747562A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-05-05 | Cabot Corporation | Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black |
| US20050119121A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2005-06-02 | Ranjan Ghosal | Modified carbon adsorbents and processes for adsorption using the same |
| US5749950A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-05-12 | Cabot Corporation | Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black |
| US5919855A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1999-07-06 | Cabot Corporation | Use of modified carbon black in gas-phase polymerizations |
| EP1900766A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2008-03-19 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| EP2316874A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2011-05-04 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| EP2316875A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2011-05-04 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| EP2316873A1 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2011-05-04 | Cabot Corporation | Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams |
| US7544238B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-06-09 | Cabot Corporation | Modified pigments having steric and amphiphilic groups |
| US6506245B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-01-14 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments |
| US6494943B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2002-12-17 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments |
| US6436178B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2002-08-20 | Cabot Corporation | Inkjet ink and other ink compositions containing cyclic amides |
| AU2001255569B2 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2004-06-03 | Berol Corporation | Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods |
| WO2001081484A3 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-02-21 | Berol Corp | Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6599353B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2003-07-29 | Berol Corporation | Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6749676B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2004-06-15 | Berol Corporation | Erasable inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6986809B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2006-01-17 | Berol Corporation | Erasable inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6663704B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2003-12-16 | Berol Corporation | Pearlescent inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| WO2002002700A3 (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-05-23 | Berol Corp | Erasable inks, writing instruments, and methods |
| US6450632B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2002-09-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Underprinting fluid compositions to improve inkjet printer image color and stability |
| US6500880B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-12-31 | Hewlett-Packard Comapny | Black to color bleed control using specific polymers in ink-jet printing inks containing pigmented inks requiring dispersants |
| US6558459B2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2003-05-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company | Derivatization of dyes/pigments with crown ethers and inkjet printing fluids containing the same |
| EP1388576A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-11 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Fluid set for ink-jet printers |
| US20080159947A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-07-03 | Yurovskaya Irina S | Carbon Blacks Having Low PAH Amounts and Methods of Making Same |
| US8034316B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2011-10-11 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and methods of making same |
| US8710136B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2014-04-29 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and methods of making same |
| US9267048B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2016-02-23 | Cabot Corporation | Methods to control electrical resistivity in filler-polymer compositions and products related thereto |
| EP3705538A1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2020-09-09 | Cabot Corporation | Filler-polymer compositions comprising silicone polymer and a two-phase filler having a silica phase and a carbon phase |
| US9175150B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2015-11-03 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and elastomers containing the same |
| US9790393B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-10-17 | Cabot Corporation | Coatings having filler-polymer compositions with combined low dielectric constant, high resistivity, and optical density properties and controlled electrical resistivity, devices made therewith, and methods for making same |
| US9982158B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-05-29 | Cabot Corporation | Coatings having filler-polymer compositions with combined low dielectric constant, high resistivity, and optical density properties and controlled electrical resistivity, devices made therewith, and methods for making same |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2833736A (en) | Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition | |
| GB1507511A (en) | Writing instrument | |
| US2715388A (en) | Writing instrument | |
| GB705103A (en) | Improvements in or relating to stencil sheets | |
| US2294149A (en) | Method of and means for recording signals | |
| US3376810A (en) | Duplicating stencils | |
| US2853972A (en) | Writing instrument and ink therefor | |
| US1642774A (en) | Harked article and process of harking articles | |
| US1932248A (en) | Permanent quick drying writing fluid | |
| US2970926A (en) | Carbon paper | |
| US2294148A (en) | Method of and means for recording signals | |
| US1304120A (en) | Edward thomas | |
| US1198440A (en) | Black mimeograph-ink and process of making same. | |
| US1664675A (en) | Duplicating | |
| US1617386A (en) | Stenciling | |
| US1526982A (en) | Stencil sheet | |
| US3115829A (en) | Planographic printing plates | |
| US2322136A (en) | Reproduction process and apparatus | |
| US55679A (en) | Improvement in forming metallic characters on paper | |
| US1576663A (en) | Stencil sheet | |
| US1353149A (en) | Manifolding medium | |
| WO1980001387A1 (en) | Ink compositions | |
| US1345087A (en) | Blotting appliance | |
| US2284276A (en) | Quick drying intaglio marking composition | |
| US1198441A (en) | Novel colored mimeograph-ink and process for producing same. |