US2833022A - Method of rendering fabrics water repellent - Google Patents

Method of rendering fabrics water repellent Download PDF

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Publication number
US2833022A
US2833022A US342738A US34273853A US2833022A US 2833022 A US2833022 A US 2833022A US 342738 A US342738 A US 342738A US 34273853 A US34273853 A US 34273853A US 2833022 A US2833022 A US 2833022A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
water repellent
fabrics
organosilicon
rendering
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Expired - Lifetime
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US342738A
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William R Collings
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Dow Silicones Corp
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Dow Corning Corp
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Publication date
Priority to BE527292D priority Critical patent/BE527292A/xx
Application filed by Dow Corning Corp filed Critical Dow Corning Corp
Priority to US342738A priority patent/US2833022A/en
Priority to GB2230/54A priority patent/GB755028A/en
Priority to FR1097096D priority patent/FR1097096A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2833022A publication Critical patent/US2833022A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of rendering cellulosic fabrics water repellent. e
  • a cellulosicfabric is treated with an organosilicon composition, thensubjected to compressive shrinkage and thereafter heated at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the siloxane is cured.
  • compressive shrinkage of the fabric may be accomplished in any convenient manner.
  • the cloth may be compressed by means of stenters or by holding the fabric against a sheet of an elastic material as the surface of the sheet adjacent to the cloth is alternately expanded and contracted. As the surface of the elastic material contracts, the fabric is thereby compressed so that the weft threads are pressed close together causing the warp threads to assume a more sinuous configuration.
  • Compressive shrinkage is used primarly to prevent shrinkage of cellulosic fabrics during washing.
  • Organosilicon compositions which are operative in this invention include all hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts of organosila'nols and siloxanes, having on the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radi cals per silicon atom.
  • the silanes which are operative herein include, for example, monomeric silanes such as dimethyldichlorosilane, monomethyltriethoxysilane, ethyldiethoxysilane, octadecyltriacetoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, vinyldiisopropoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane; polymeric silanes such as methylsilazanes, methylpolysilanes containing SiSi linkages such as dimethyltetramethoxyisilane and silcarbanes such as- Me (C H O)SiCH Si(OC H )Me g and siloxanes such as methylhydrogensiloxane, 'dimethylsiloxane, monomethylsiloxane, octadecylmethylsiloxane, octadecylhydrogen siloxane, 'phenylhydrogensiloxau
  • the organosilicon compounds employed in this invention can be any combination of the ab'ovedefined hydrolyzable silanes, siloxanes and tions, the cloth is usually wet with water prior to comprior to compressive shrinkage of the fabric. This can be done in any convenient manner.
  • a liquid organosilicon compound or a solution or an emulsion of an organosilicon compound can be sprayed onto the fabric or the fabric can be dipped into a liquid organosilicon compound or into a solution or an emulsion of an organosilicon compound.
  • the fabric may be exposed to the vapors of a volatile organosilicon compound.
  • organosilicon compound applied to the fabric can be varied to suit the particular use to which the fabric is to be put. In general, satisfactory water repellency is obtained when the fabric contains from 1 alkali metal salts.
  • the organosilicon compounds which are operative herein include partially hydrolyzed alkoxylated siloxanes and partially hydrolyzed alkoxylated siloxanes which contain SiSi linkages and SiCSi linkages such as those obtained by alkoxylating the distillation residue from the reaction of methylchloride and silicon.
  • the preferred compounds for use in this invention are combinations of methylsiloxanes and methylhydrogensiloxanes such as those which are particularly described in U. S. Patent 2,588,365.
  • the fabric After the fabric has been treated with the organosilicon compound and subjected to compressive shrinkage, it is then heated in any convenient manner at a temperature of at least F. This serves to cure the organosiloxane.
  • the treated fabric is heated at temperatures of 300 F. to 450 F. or higher.
  • Example 2 When the process of Example 1 is repeated except that the cloth is passed through an atmosphere of the vapors of methyldiethoxysilane and dimethyldiethoxysilane in amount of 75 parts by volume of the former and 25 parts by volume of the latter, the concentration of the vapors being such as to give a 2 percent by Weight pick-up of methylsiloxanes on the fabric, the resulting fabric is water repellent and does not shrink whenwashed.
  • the method of rendering cellulosic fabrics'water repellent which comprises treating the fabrics with an organosilicon composition of the group consisting of hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts or organosilanols and siloxanes, said organosilicon composition having on When a cotton fabric' is passed 1 the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, subjecting the fabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and thereafter heating it at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the organosilicon compound is cured.
  • a method of rendering cotton fabrics water repellent which comprises treating the fabric with a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane having on the average from 1 to 2.5 methyl groups per silicon atom, subjecting the fabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and then heating it at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the siloxane is cured.
  • a method of rendering a cotton fabric water repellent which comprises treating the fabric with an alkali metal salt of a methylsilanol, said salt having on the average from 1 to 2.5 methyl groups per silicon atom,
  • the method of rendering cellulosie fabrics water repellent which comprises wetting the fabric with water, treating the fabric with an organosilicon composition of the group consisting of hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts of organosilanols and siloxanes, said organo silicon composition having on the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, subjecting thegfabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and thereafter heatingit at a temperature of at least 100' F. until the organosilicon compound is cured.
  • organosilicon composition of the group consisting of hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts of organosilanols and siloxanes, said organo silicon composition having on the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, subjecting thegfabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and thereafter heatingit at a temperature of at least 100' F. until the organosilicon compound is cured.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

United States Patent METHOD OFIRENDERENG FABRICS WATER REPELLENT William R. Collings, Midland, 'Mich., assignor to Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Mich., a corporation of Michigan No Drawing. Application March 16, 1953 Serial N0. 342,738
5 Claims. (Cl. 28-74) This invention relates to a method of rendering cellulosic fabrics water repellent. e
The treatment of fabrics with organosilicon compositions in order to render them waterv repellent has been employed commercially for some years. This treatment produces a water repellent film on the fabric which is invisible and which does not affect the hand or drape of the fabric. In general, this water repellency is resistant to laundering and to dry-cleaning. However, the durability of the water repellency on cellulosic fabrics, particularly cotton, is in general less than on other type fabrics. Since cotton fabrics account for a major portion of all washable fabrics sold, it would be highly desirable to improve the durability of the water repellency of these fabrics.
Accordingly, it is the primary object of this invention to improve the life of thewater repellent character of cellulosicfabrics which have been treated with organosilicon compounds.
In accordance with this invention, a cellulosicfabric is treated with an organosilicon composition, thensubjected to compressive shrinkage and thereafter heated at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the siloxane is cured.
In this invention, compressive shrinkage of the fabric may be accomplished in any convenient manner. For example, the cloth may be compressed by means of stenters or by holding the fabric against a sheet of an elastic material as the surface of the sheet adjacent to the cloth is alternately expanded and contracted. As the surface of the elastic material contracts, the fabric is thereby compressed so that the weft threads are pressed close together causing the warp threads to assume a more sinuous configuration. Compressive shrinkage is used primarly to prevent shrinkage of cellulosic fabrics during washing.
The two primary commercial modifications of compressive shrinkage are the well known Sanforizing process in which the fabric is held against a wool blanket and the well known Rigmel process in which the fabric is held against a rubber sheet. In both of these modificaice I to 5 percent by Weight of thelorganosilicon composition based on the Weight of the fabric. More than 5 percent by weight may be applied if desired although excessive amounts of the organosilicon compounds tend to alter the hand and drape of the fabric.
Organosilicon compositions which are operative in this invention include all hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts of organosila'nols and siloxanes, having on the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radi cals per silicon atom. The silanes which are operative herein include, for example, monomeric silanes such as dimethyldichlorosilane, monomethyltriethoxysilane, ethyldiethoxysilane, octadecyltriacetoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, vinyldiisopropoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane; polymeric silanes such as methylsilazanes, methylpolysilanes containing SiSi linkages such as dimethyltetramethoxyisilane and silcarbanes such as- Me (C H O)SiCH Si(OC H )Me g and siloxanes such as methylhydrogensiloxane, 'dimethylsiloxane, monomethylsiloxane, octadecylmethylsiloxane, octadecylhydrogen siloxane, 'phenylhydrogensiloxaue and mixtures and copolymers of dimethysiloxane and methylhydrogensiloxane, ethylhydrogensiloxane and trimethylsiloxane, and butylhydrogensiloxane and dimethylsiloxane; and alkali metal salts of 'organosilanols such as MeSi(ONa) EtSiO OK) C H SiOOLi,
' Meg NaO (SiO ),.Na
and mixtures thereof.
It is to be understood that the organosilicon compounds employed in this invention can be any combination of the ab'ovedefined hydrolyzable silanes, siloxanes and tions, the cloth is usually wet with water prior to comprior to compressive shrinkage of the fabric. This can be done in any convenient manner. For example, a liquid organosilicon compound or a solution or an emulsion of an organosilicon compound can be sprayed onto the fabric or the fabric can be dipped into a liquid organosilicon compound or into a solution or an emulsion of an organosilicon compound. Alternatively, the fabric may be exposed to the vapors of a volatile organosilicon compound.
The amount of organosilicon compound applied to the fabric can be varied to suit the particular use to which the fabric is to be put. In general, satisfactory water repellency is obtained when the fabric contains from 1 alkali metal salts. Thus, for example, the organosilicon compounds which are operative herein include partially hydrolyzed alkoxylated siloxanes and partially hydrolyzed alkoxylated siloxanes which contain SiSi linkages and SiCSi linkages such as those obtained by alkoxylating the distillation residue from the reaction of methylchloride and silicon. The preferred compounds for use in this invention are combinations of methylsiloxanes and methylhydrogensiloxanes such as those which are particularly described in U. S. Patent 2,588,365.
If halosilanes are used in the method of this invention, care should be taken to neutralize the by-produced halogen acid immediately after applying the silane to the fabric. 7
After the fabric has been treated with the organosilicon compound and subjected to compressive shrinkage, it is then heated in any convenient manner at a temperature of at least F. This serves to cure the organosiloxane. Preferably, the treated fabric is heated at temperatures of 300 F. to 450 F. or higher.
Fabrics which are processed in accordance with this Example 1 When a cotton fabric is fed from a feed roll through a steamchamber (to wet and soften the fibers) and then through a 2 percent by weight aqueous solution of a sodium salt of monomethylsiloxane having 1.2 sodium atoms per silicon atom, and then through a 5 percent by weight acetic acid solution and the cloth is then sprayed with water to remove any electrolyte, such as acetic acid and sodium acetate, and passed onto a moving endless .4 inch thick wool blanket, and the cloth and blanket are then passed around a 2 inch feed roller which is provided with an electrically heated shoe so positioned a that as the cloth and blanket are passed around the roller the former is pressed firmly against the latter and the cloth and blanket are then passed onto a Palmer drying drum which is locatedadjacent to the feed roller and revolves in the opposite direction and the cloth is then removed from the blanket and heated in a tenter at 325 F. for /2 hour, the resulting fabric is water repellent and contains about 2'percentby weight siloxane.
Example 2 Example 3 When the process of Example 1 is repeated except that the cloth is passed through an atmosphere of the vapors of methyldiethoxysilane and dimethyldiethoxysilane in amount of 75 parts by volume of the former and 25 parts by volume of the latter, the concentration of the vapors being such as to give a 2 percent by Weight pick-up of methylsiloxanes on the fabric, the resulting fabric is water repellent and does not shrink whenwashed.
That which is claimed is: a t
1. The method of rendering cellulosic fabrics'water repellent which comprises treating the fabrics with an organosilicon composition of the group consisting of hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts or organosilanols and siloxanes, said organosilicon composition having on When a cotton fabric' is passed 1 the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, subjecting the fabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and thereafter heating it at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the organosilicon compound is cured. V
2. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the fabric is a cotton fabric.
3. A method of rendering cotton fabrics water repellent which comprises treating the fabric with a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane having on the average from 1 to 2.5 methyl groups per silicon atom, subjecting the fabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and then heating it at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the siloxane is cured.
4. A method of rendering a cotton fabric water repellent which comprises treating the fabric with an alkali metal salt of a methylsilanol, said salt having on the average from 1 to 2.5 methyl groups per silicon atom,
subjecting the fabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage A and then heating it at a temperature of at least 100 F. until the siloxane is cured.
5. The method of rendering cellulosie fabrics water repellent which comprises wetting the fabric with water, treating the fabric with an organosilicon composition of the group consisting of hydrolyzable silanes, alkali metal salts of organosilanols and siloxanes, said organo silicon composition having on the average from 1 to 2.5 monovalent hydrocarbon radicals per silicon atom, subjecting thegfabric to mechanical compressive shrinkage and thereafter heatingit at a temperature of at least 100' F. until the organosilicon compound is cured.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,338,983 Thackston et al Jan. 11, 1944 2,446,864 Abrams Aug. 10, 1948 2,474,704 Thayer June 28, 1949 2,519,232 Cruz Aug. 15, 1950 2,566,957 Pedlow et al. Sept. 4, 1951 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,833,022 May 6, 1958 William E. Collings It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2, line 17, for "dimethyltetramethoxyisilane" read --dimethyltetramethoxydisilane"-,-. v
Signed and sealed this 15th day of July 1958.,
(SEAL) Attcst:
'KARL H. AXLINE ROBERT c. WATSON Attestin Officer Commissioner Of Patents

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF RENDERING CELLULOSIC FABRICS WATER REPELLENT WHICH COMPRISES TREATING THE FABRICS WITH AN ORGANOSILICON COMPOSITION OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROLYZABLE SILANES, ALKALI METAL SALTS OF ORGANOSILANOLS AND SILOXANES, SAID ORGANOSILICON COMPOSITION HAVING ON THE AVERAGE FROM 1 TO 2.5 MONOVALENT HYDROCARBON RADICALS PER SILICON ATOMS SUBJECTING THE FABRIC TO MECHANICAL TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 100*F. UNTIL THE ORGANOSILICON COMPOUND IS CURED.
US342738A 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Method of rendering fabrics water repellent Expired - Lifetime US2833022A (en)

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BE527292D BE527292A (en) 1953-03-16
US342738A US2833022A (en) 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Method of rendering fabrics water repellent
GB2230/54A GB755028A (en) 1953-03-16 1954-01-25 A process for rendering fabrics water-repellent
FR1097096D FR1097096A (en) 1953-03-16 1954-03-15 Process for making fabrics water repellent

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2961338A (en) * 1958-05-07 1960-11-22 Robbart Edward Process for treating wool and other fibrous materials to impart water repellency and resistance to shrinkage
US3226796A (en) * 1963-10-22 1966-01-04 Fabric Res Lab Inc Method of manufacturing elastic fabric
US3267549A (en) * 1964-05-25 1966-08-23 Dhj Ind Inc Method of stabilizing textile goods
US3306759A (en) * 1961-12-23 1967-02-28 Bayer Ag Alkyl-hydrogen-polysiloxane emulsions
US3419423A (en) * 1964-10-09 1968-12-31 Dow Corning Adducts of silicon hydride polysiloxanes and hydrolyzable silanes having alkenyl radicals useful for rendering substrates water repellent
US3423236A (en) * 1964-10-09 1969-01-21 Dow Corning Adducts of silicon hydride polysiloxanes and silanes having alkenyl radicals
US3438106A (en) * 1966-08-17 1969-04-15 Florence Cohn Method of producing shrink-free knitted fabric having characteristics of elastic restorability
US4127361A (en) * 1976-11-29 1978-11-28 S.A.E.S. Getters S.P.A. Air-bakeable water-proof getter device and method of manufacturing same
USRE31388E (en) * 1975-12-12 1983-09-20 Saes Getters, S.P.A. Air-bakeable water-proof getter device and method of manufacturing

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2338983A (en) * 1939-05-01 1944-01-11 Rohm & Haas Process of treating fabrics
US2446864A (en) * 1944-06-26 1948-08-10 Quaker Chemical Products Corp Composition and process for imparting durable water repellent finish to textiles
US2474704A (en) * 1948-06-29 1949-06-28 Dow Corning Method of rendering materials water-repellent
US2519232A (en) * 1946-02-09 1950-08-15 American Viscose Corp Method of rendering regenerated cellulose water-repellent
US2566957A (en) * 1946-05-06 1951-09-04 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Tertiary-alkoxy chlorosilanes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2338983A (en) * 1939-05-01 1944-01-11 Rohm & Haas Process of treating fabrics
US2446864A (en) * 1944-06-26 1948-08-10 Quaker Chemical Products Corp Composition and process for imparting durable water repellent finish to textiles
US2519232A (en) * 1946-02-09 1950-08-15 American Viscose Corp Method of rendering regenerated cellulose water-repellent
US2566957A (en) * 1946-05-06 1951-09-04 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Tertiary-alkoxy chlorosilanes
US2474704A (en) * 1948-06-29 1949-06-28 Dow Corning Method of rendering materials water-repellent

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2961338A (en) * 1958-05-07 1960-11-22 Robbart Edward Process for treating wool and other fibrous materials to impart water repellency and resistance to shrinkage
US3306759A (en) * 1961-12-23 1967-02-28 Bayer Ag Alkyl-hydrogen-polysiloxane emulsions
US3226796A (en) * 1963-10-22 1966-01-04 Fabric Res Lab Inc Method of manufacturing elastic fabric
US3267549A (en) * 1964-05-25 1966-08-23 Dhj Ind Inc Method of stabilizing textile goods
US3419423A (en) * 1964-10-09 1968-12-31 Dow Corning Adducts of silicon hydride polysiloxanes and hydrolyzable silanes having alkenyl radicals useful for rendering substrates water repellent
US3423236A (en) * 1964-10-09 1969-01-21 Dow Corning Adducts of silicon hydride polysiloxanes and silanes having alkenyl radicals
US3438106A (en) * 1966-08-17 1969-04-15 Florence Cohn Method of producing shrink-free knitted fabric having characteristics of elastic restorability
USRE31388E (en) * 1975-12-12 1983-09-20 Saes Getters, S.P.A. Air-bakeable water-proof getter device and method of manufacturing
US4127361A (en) * 1976-11-29 1978-11-28 S.A.E.S. Getters S.P.A. Air-bakeable water-proof getter device and method of manufacturing same

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GB755028A (en) 1956-08-15
FR1097096A (en) 1955-06-29
BE527292A (en)

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