US2829063A - Sealing cement for spark plug - Google Patents
Sealing cement for spark plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2829063A US2829063A US538884A US53888455A US2829063A US 2829063 A US2829063 A US 2829063A US 538884 A US538884 A US 538884A US 53888455 A US53888455 A US 53888455A US 2829063 A US2829063 A US 2829063A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- weight
- parts
- phosphoric acid
- spark plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001307241 Althaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006576 Althaea officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003332 Ilex aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002296 Ilex sandwicensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002294 Ilex volkensiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001035 marshmallow Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J1/00—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/34—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
Definitions
- This invention relates to a sealing cement for spark plugs and the like.
- the cement has particular advantages for securing and sealing the metal centerwire elements into the centerbore of a ceramic spark plug insulator.
- a cement For use in spark plugs, a cement should be capable of withstanding relatively high temperatures, up to 600 F. or even higher, since the spark plug is subjected to such heat conditions both during assembly and later in service.
- one of the steps in the assembly of aircraft type spark plugs consists of brazing the shielding barrel to the shell, thereby subjecting the insulator centerbore elements to temperatures in the neighborhood of about 600 F. Similar high temperatures are encountered in service.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved heat resistant cement composition particularly advantageous for use in spark plugs.
- Another object of the invention is an improved, more durable and more reliable spark plug structure.
- a representative spark plug structure including a metal shell 2 having concentrically enclosed therewithin a tubular-shaped ceramic insulator 4.
- the centerwire assembly 6 including as elements, a center electrode spindle 8, a conductive glass seal 10, metal contact 12 which is imbedded in the glass seal, a cartridge resistor element 14, contact spring 18 and a threaded contact cap 20.
- the threaded contact cap 20 is sealed within the insulator centerbore by means of cement 22 which is the subject of the present invention.
- the cement is used to anchor and prevent loosening by vibration of the resistor contact cap and also to prevent extraneous materials from entering the resistor well which is formed by the center portion of the insulator centerbore.
- the cement may be used to seal and secure other centerwire elements within the centerbore, i. e., the resistors cartridge, other contact elements, electrode spindle or the like.
- the spark plug centerwire element is secured and sealed within the insulator centerbore by a cement which consists of the reaction product of calcium aluminate with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, all as described with more particulars in the following detailed description.
- solid technical grade calcium aluminate which may contain calcium oxide as an impurity, and reagent grade phosphoric acid containing about 86% by weight HaPO, may be used. It is preferable to further dilute the acid with water before mixing with the calcium aluminate.
- the following method for manufacturing a preferred ce- ICC ment illustrates the proper mixing procedure: 3 parts by volume reagent grade phosphoric acid are diluted with 4 parts by volume water, thus resulting in a solution of about 48% by weight phosphoric acid. About 395 grams (300 cc.) of this dilute acid are added with rapid stirring and with cooling to 600 grams of solid calcium aluminate. An exothermic reaction results.
- cement To store the cement, we prefer to place it in lead tubes which may be kept in a refrigerator at about 40 F. until needed. If the storage period is to be longer than two or three hours, it is preferable to keep the tubes of cement in a deep freeze at about 10 F. Cement stored in this latter manner maybe kept for an indefinite period.
- the preferred cement made as outlined above, contains the following proportions by weight: 60% calcium aluminate, 19% phosphoric acid and 21% water. Other proportions may, however, be used sometimes to advantage depending on the precise application to be made of the cement.
- cement made by using by weight phosphoric acid in the above procedure is excellent but somewhat more difficult to control during the very exothermic reaction during mixing. More concentrated acid than this renders the reaction too difficult to control to be useful in production operations.
- a relatively dilute acid containing as low as 25% by weight HaPO,l may be added to solid calcium aluminate to produce a cement somewhat lower in strength but having the advantage of more easily controlled preparation due to the lesser amounts of heat given olf.
- cements made by mixing from 2O to 60 parts by weight aqueous phosphoric acid having a concentration of vfrom 25 to 75 lW-Weight H3PO4, with from 50 to parts by weight calcium aluminate are advantageous.
- the cement, prior to drying should preferably contain about 50 to 90 parts by weight calcium aluminate, about l0 to 30 parts by weight phosphoric acid and about l0 to 30 parts by weight water. With lesser amounts of water or greater amounts of ⁇ acid, the reaction is more difcult to control, while with greater amounts of water and lesser amounts of acid there is a sacrifice of strength in the finished cement.
- the preferred range is from 57 to 62 parts by weight' calcium aluminate, from 15 to 28 parts by weight H3PO4 and from l5 to 24 parts by weight water.
- inert filler materials such as brous mullite, fiberglass, asbestos, alumina or the like may be mixed with the cement to provide additional strength and adjust the consistency to that desired.
- the appended claims are intended to comprehend the inclusion in the cement of such inert llers.
- the cement is used in the following manner. A small portion of the cement is squeezed from the lead storage tube into the threads of the contact cap 20, after which the cap is screwed into the insulator. Excess cement is washed away from the top of the contact cap with water and any excess water may be removed by blow drying. Then the structure is air dried for about two hours and subsequently baked in an oven at about 300 F. for about two hours to thoroughly dry and set the cement. The most preferable drying and baking temperatures and times will, of
- cement may be made with a high water content and subsequently partially dried before use to remove part of the water and thereby adjust the viscosity.
- additional water may be added to the cement in order to reduce viscosity.
- a cement for spark plugs and the like consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing from 50 to 90 parts by weight in place thereof aluminate with about 20 to 60 parts by weight of an aque- UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CDRRECTION Patent No. 2,829,063
- ous solution of phosphoric acid said solution having a concentration of from 25% to 75% by weight phosphoric acid.
- a cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing together at a temperature of not over 70 F. from 57 to 62 parts by weight calcium aluminate, from l5 to 28 parts by weight phosphoric acid and from 15 to 24 parts by weight water.
- a cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about to 90 parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 10 to 30 parts by weight phosphoric acid and sufficient water to provide said cement with a thick viscous texture.
- a cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 39.5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, said phosphoric acid solution having a concentration of from 25% to by weight phosphoric acid.
- a cement for spark plugs and the like consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about 60 parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 39.5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, said solution having a concentration of about 48% by weight phosphoric acid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
United States Patent C) SEALING CEMENT FOR SPARK PLUG Karl Schwartzwalder, Holly, and Arthur V. Somers,
Flushing, Mich., assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application October 6, 1955, Serial No. 538,884
Claims. (Cl. 106-85) This invention relates to a sealing cement for spark plugs and the like. The cement has particular advantages for securing and sealing the metal centerwire elements into the centerbore of a ceramic spark plug insulator. Thus, the invention will be described and explained with reference to this type structure; however, it is to be understood that the invention in its broadest scope is not limited to this particular embodiment.
For use in spark plugs, a cement should be capable of withstanding relatively high temperatures, up to 600 F. or even higher, since the spark plug is subjected to such heat conditions both during assembly and later in service. For example, one of the steps in the assembly of aircraft type spark plugs consists of brazing the shielding barrel to the shell, thereby subjecting the insulator centerbore elements to temperatures in the neighborhood of about 600 F. Similar high temperatures are encountered in service.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved heat resistant cement composition particularly advantageous for use in spark plugs.
Another object of the invention is an improved, more durable and more reliable spark plug structure.
In the drawing there is shown a representative spark plug structure including a metal shell 2 having concentrically enclosed therewithin a tubular-shaped ceramic insulator 4. Within the insulator centerbore is the centerwire assembly 6, including as elements, a center electrode spindle 8, a conductive glass seal 10, metal contact 12 which is imbedded in the glass seal, a cartridge resistor element 14, contact spring 18 and a threaded contact cap 20. The threaded contact cap 20 is sealed within the insulator centerbore by means of cement 22 which is the subject of the present invention. Thus, in the particular spark plug shown, which is of the resistor type and designed for aircraft use, the cement is used to anchor and prevent loosening by vibration of the resistor contact cap and also to prevent extraneous materials from entering the resistor well which is formed by the center portion of the insulator centerbore. In other types of spark plugs, the cement may be used to seal and secure other centerwire elements within the centerbore, i. e., the resistors cartridge, other contact elements, electrode spindle or the like.
In accordance with the invention, the spark plug centerwire element is secured and sealed within the insulator centerbore by a cement which consists of the reaction product of calcium aluminate with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, all as described with more particulars in the following detailed description.
As the raw materials for the cement, solid technical grade calcium aluminate, which may contain calcium oxide as an impurity, and reagent grade phosphoric acid containing about 86% by weight HaPO, may be used. It is preferable to further dilute the acid with water before mixing with the calcium aluminate. The following method for manufacturing a preferred ce- ICC ment illustrates the proper mixing procedure: 3 parts by volume reagent grade phosphoric acid are diluted with 4 parts by volume water, thus resulting in a solution of about 48% by weight phosphoric acid. About 395 grams (300 cc.) of this dilute acid are added with rapid stirring and with cooling to 600 grams of solid calcium aluminate. An exothermic reaction results. For small batches, cooling by running tap water is sufcient to adequately control the reaction; however, in the preparation of larger batches it is preferable to cool by the addition of crushed Dry Ice to the reaction mix. At no time during the preparation of the cement should the temperature of the mix be allowed to go appreciably above 70 F. The point at which the exothermic reaction ceases and at which the artificial cooling can be terminated is indicated by a change in color from gray to marshmallow white. After addition of all the acid and preferably a few minutes of additional stirring, the mix is ready for immediate use as a cement, or for storage.
To store the cement, we prefer to place it in lead tubes which may be kept in a refrigerator at about 40 F. until needed. If the storage period is to be longer than two or three hours, it is preferable to keep the tubes of cement in a deep freeze at about 10 F. Cement stored in this latter manner maybe kept for an indefinite period.
Calculated out, the preferred cement, made as outlined above, contains the following proportions by weight: 60% calcium aluminate, 19% phosphoric acid and 21% water. Other proportions may, however, be used sometimes to advantage depending on the precise application to be made of the cement. For example, cement made by using by weight phosphoric acid in the above procedure is excellent but somewhat more difficult to control during the very exothermic reaction during mixing. More concentrated acid than this renders the reaction too difficult to control to be useful in production operations. A relatively dilute acid containing as low as 25% by weight HaPO,l may be added to solid calcium aluminate to produce a cement somewhat lower in strength but having the advantage of more easily controlled preparation due to the lesser amounts of heat given olf. In practice we have found that all cements made by mixing from 2O to 60 parts by weight aqueous phosphoric acid having a concentration of vfrom 25 to 75 lW-Weight H3PO4, with from 50 to parts by weight calcium aluminate are advantageous. On an ingredientfUFingrEdienb-basis, the cement, prior to drying should preferably contain about 50 to 90 parts by weight calcium aluminate, about l0 to 30 parts by weight phosphoric acid and about l0 to 30 parts by weight water. With lesser amounts of water or greater amounts of\acid, the reaction is more difcult to control, while with greater amounts of water and lesser amounts of acid there is a sacrifice of strength in the finished cement. The preferred range is from 57 to 62 parts by weight' calcium aluminate, from 15 to 28 parts by weight H3PO4 and from l5 to 24 parts by weight water. If desired, inert filler materials such as brous mullite, fiberglass, asbestos, alumina or the like may be mixed with the cement to provide additional strength and adjust the consistency to that desired. Thus, the appended claims are intended to comprehend the inclusion in the cement of such inert llers.
To manufacture spark plugs of the type shown in the accompanying drawing, the cement is used in the following manner. A small portion of the cement is squeezed from the lead storage tube into the threads of the contact cap 20, after which the cap is screwed into the insulator. Excess cement is washed away from the top of the contact cap with water and any excess water may be removed by blow drying. Then the structure is air dried for about two hours and subsequently baked in an oven at about 300 F. for about two hours to thoroughly dry and set the cement. The most preferable drying and baking temperatures and times will, of
course, depend upon the precise composition of the cement, the above procedure being that found most suitable for the preferred embodiment of the cement containing about 60% calcium aluminate, about 19% phos phoric acid and about 21% water before drying.
Tests have shown that the cements herein disclosed are far superior to the sodium silicate type cements conventionally used in the manufacture of spark plugs and in other devices requiring a ceramic-to-metal seal. The chief advantages are increased heat resistance and increased strength. The cement also facilitates processing since, unlike previous cements, it does not tend to boil out during curing and eliminates the necessity for lengthy drying periods.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred and particular embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that various modifications may be made, all within the full and intended scope of the claims. For example, if desired, cement may be made with a high water content and subsequently partially dried before use to remove part of the water and thereby adjust the viscosity. Alternatively, additional water may be added to the cement in order to reduce viscosity.
' We claim:
1. A cement for spark plugs and the like consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing from 50 to 90 parts by weight in place thereof aluminate with about 20 to 60 parts by weight of an aque- UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CDRRECTION Patent No. 2,829,063
ous solution of phosphoric acid, said solution having a concentration of from 25% to 75% by weight phosphoric acid.
2. A cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing together at a temperature of not over 70 F. from 57 to 62 parts by weight calcium aluminate, from l5 to 28 parts by weight phosphoric acid and from 15 to 24 parts by weight water.
3. A cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about to 90 parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 10 to 30 parts by weight phosphoric acid and sufficient water to provide said cement with a thick viscous texture.
4. A cement consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 39.5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, said phosphoric acid solution having a concentration of from 25% to by weight phosphoric acid.
5. A cement for spark plugs and the like consisting essentially of the reaction product resulting from mixing about 60 parts by weight calcium aluminate with about 39.5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, said solution having a concentration of about 48% by weight phosphoric acid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,556,115 Hoskins Oct. 6, 1925 1,908,636 Langenberg May 9, 1933 2,339,163 Friedlaender et al. Ian. ll, 1944 2,437,209 Rabezzana Mar. 2, l948 2,574,843 Randall et al. Nov. 13, 1951 2,717,438 Schwartzwalder et a1. Sept. 13, 1955 April l, 1958 Karl Schwartzwalder et al.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2, line '70,1 for "tube into" read tube onto line 35, strike out "in place thereof" column 3, and insert instead calcium Signed and sealed this 27th dasT of May 1958.
(SEAL) Attest:
KARL H. AXLINE Attesting Officer ROBERT C. WATSON Comnssioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. A CEMENT FOR SPARK PLUGS AND THE LIKE CONSISTING ESSETIALLY OF THE REACTION PRODUCT RESULTING FROM MIXING FROM 50 TO 90 PARTS BY WEIGHT IN PLACE THEREOF ALUMINATE WITH ABOUT 20 TO 60 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, SAID SOLUTION HAVING A CONCENTRATION OF FROM 25% TO 75% BY WEIGHT PHOSPHORIC ACID.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US538884A US2829063A (en) | 1955-10-06 | 1955-10-06 | Sealing cement for spark plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US538884A US2829063A (en) | 1955-10-06 | 1955-10-06 | Sealing cement for spark plug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2829063A true US2829063A (en) | 1958-04-01 |
Family
ID=24148824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US538884A Expired - Lifetime US2829063A (en) | 1955-10-06 | 1955-10-06 | Sealing cement for spark plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2829063A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3150992A (en) * | 1961-01-16 | 1964-09-29 | Standard Oil Co | Calcium-aluminate cement and method |
| US5346868A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-09-13 | Didier-Werke Ag | Inorganic fiber |
| US20050093414A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Glass sealed spark plug assembly |
| US20050093550A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Mcmurray Mark S. | Spark ignition system with diagnostic capabilities |
| US8013502B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2011-09-06 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Small-diameter spark plug with resistive seal |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1556115A (en) * | 1923-02-21 | 1925-10-06 | Economy Fuse & Mfg Company | Plastic |
| US1908636A (en) * | 1931-07-29 | 1933-05-09 | United States Pipe Foundry | Hydraulic cement mortar and method of compounding the same |
| US2339163A (en) * | 1940-12-03 | 1944-01-11 | Atlas Lumnite Cement Company | Protective cement coating |
| US2437209A (en) * | 1942-08-11 | 1948-03-02 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of making spark plugs |
| US2574843A (en) * | 1949-04-04 | 1951-11-13 | Merwyn C Randall | Insulating finishing cements |
| US2717438A (en) * | 1945-03-17 | 1955-09-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Spark plug with auxiliary gap |
-
1955
- 1955-10-06 US US538884A patent/US2829063A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1556115A (en) * | 1923-02-21 | 1925-10-06 | Economy Fuse & Mfg Company | Plastic |
| US1908636A (en) * | 1931-07-29 | 1933-05-09 | United States Pipe Foundry | Hydraulic cement mortar and method of compounding the same |
| US2339163A (en) * | 1940-12-03 | 1944-01-11 | Atlas Lumnite Cement Company | Protective cement coating |
| US2437209A (en) * | 1942-08-11 | 1948-03-02 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of making spark plugs |
| US2717438A (en) * | 1945-03-17 | 1955-09-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Spark plug with auxiliary gap |
| US2574843A (en) * | 1949-04-04 | 1951-11-13 | Merwyn C Randall | Insulating finishing cements |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3150992A (en) * | 1961-01-16 | 1964-09-29 | Standard Oil Co | Calcium-aluminate cement and method |
| US5346868A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-09-13 | Didier-Werke Ag | Inorganic fiber |
| US20050093414A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Glass sealed spark plug assembly |
| US20050093550A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Mcmurray Mark S. | Spark ignition system with diagnostic capabilities |
| US7053623B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2006-05-30 | Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. | Spark ignition system with diagnostic capabilities |
| US8013502B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2011-09-06 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Small-diameter spark plug with resistive seal |
| US8272909B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2012-09-25 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Method of assembling a small-diameter spark plug with resistive seal |
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