US2825338A - Apparatus for pre-amputation freezing - Google Patents

Apparatus for pre-amputation freezing Download PDF

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US2825338A
US2825338A US327342A US32734252A US2825338A US 2825338 A US2825338 A US 2825338A US 327342 A US327342 A US 327342A US 32734252 A US32734252 A US 32734252A US 2825338 A US2825338 A US 2825338A
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chamber
freezing
patients
extremity
patient
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Herman C W Schnepf
Robert C Webber
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M19/00Local anaesthesia; Hypothermia
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D15/00Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices

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  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus foi freezing an extremity of a patients limb preliminary to amputation of the limb; and the invention is particularly concerned with the provision of method and apparatus details whereby improved control over the condition of the limb extremity' can be achieved while the risk of deleterious effects upon the patient is substantially reduced and analgesia is much more quickly and effectively established.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus whereby a limb extremity may have its temperature reduced, quite quickly, to a Value such as to halt the flow of body uids within the extremity, by exposure to a completely circumambient atmosphere of extremely low temperature.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus whereby, after the quick establishment of optimum temperature throughout the extremity under treatment, ythe temperature of such circumambient atmosphere may be changed in such a fashion that the extremity will beheld at opti-mum temperatures for whatever period may be desirable, and with minimum discomfort to the patient and minimum attention on the part of the nursing stat.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the above optimum conditions may be achieved and maintained through exposure of the extremity to a dry atmosphere of desired temperatures.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide specific apparatus, including a chamber in which the extremity under treatment may be received, means for maintaining any desired temperature conditions within such chamber, and barrier means,.so constructed as to accommodate itself to the patients limb in the region imme-Y diately proximal to the extremity under treatment, such barrier means being capable -of substantially preventing heat exchange and/or air flow between the atmosphere within said chamber, to which the extremity is exposed, D
  • Fig. l is a perspective View of one form of apparatus embodying our invention and adaptable for use in the practice of our process;
  • Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the freezer cabinet
  • Fig. 3 is Va ragmental section taken substantially on the line 3, 3 Of Fg- ⁇ 2;
  • Eig, ,4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the lrefrigeraties 'mechanism absents@ with 'the freezer' sab-iam# Y, 2,825,338 Patented Max'- 4, 19.5.8
  • the reference numeral lll indicates generally a cabinet formed to define a chamber 11 surrounded. on five sides by preferably plane walls and having, at its sixth side, an open entryway 117;.
  • Evaporator coils i4 are suitably secured in heat-exchanging relationship to all ofthe walls 1,2.l
  • the bottom ofthe entryway is located somewhat above the floor 16 of the chamber 11 and is provided with a pad 15, preferably of sponge rubber, upon which the region ⁇ of a patients leg immediately proximal with respect to hisv foot Y18 ⁇ may be accommodatesonably comfortably supported atv a level such that the patients heel is spaced above the chamber oor 116, as is clearly illustrated jin Fig. 2;
  • said barrier comprisesva generally Ll-shapedframe 19 whose b ase and legs are formed to dene a continuous, inwardly-facing channel 20, and a suitably proportioned block 21 of sponge rubber or the like has its top and side edges snugly seated insaid channel.
  • the lower lendsl of the vflilme arms will be turned slightly inwardly to aid in supporting theY block 21 in place in the channel.
  • Said block of; course, spans the, area delined within the frame 12v-aad f -The conduit 33 carries, latritsl Youter end, a s
  • VcicmtrolfniechanistnV 35 Ythearrangement being such that Yany desired temperatu'rewithin the chamber.
  • 11 Vmay-beQattainedf'and Y maintained automatically,5 upon suitable"adjustmeentV of' the ewitch 28.
  • f The entire system maybe energized,irornV Y Y a'co'nventio'nal lighting Circuit, through-SV a :plug 44' carried fr' at the*endof.n.exible'conductor.'f
  • the block 21 is substantially centr'ally Y pryidedjwith'a'slit 23 which opens throug'hthe Yloweredge :oithe'block and'leadsinto a substantially circular 'i opening'24gl proportioned andrdesigned snugly to em- Ibrace"thejpatientsleg just aboverthe ankle, when the Y. 'partsfare in the solid line positions ofFig.V 2.
  • Y pryidedjwith'a'slit 23 which opens throug'hthe Yloweredge :oithe'block and'leadsinto a substantially circular 'i opening'24gl proportioned andrdesigned snugly to em- Ibrace"thejpatientsleg just aboverthe ankle, when the Y. 'partsfare in the solid line positions ofFig.V 2.
  • Thecabinet-'IOV comprises also :an outer, shell "25, the
  • Va Vthermometer V27. having'A a bulb disposed within the' chamber 11, is mounted on'an outer Wall of*Y the cabinet; and-a control switch 28, whose function will jappearrhereinafter', isrrr'iournted ⁇ adjacent the thermometer.
  • Vbyrthe Vreference numeral 29,l Comprises a -frame .30V mountedV on casters.
  • vrefrigeration system' of Vany .desired form, lis indicated Ygenerally by the reference numeral 32, and, kasV shown', will includeV an electricmotor, a c'omlgyressor,y Valccmdenser, and conduits 33 and 34 for establishing the usual refriger ation cycleow Vbetween the unit 32 'andthe coilf14,one
  • conduitf being connected toene end of the coil 14 andthe V'o'the'r'conduitrbeing connected to theother endlofsaid coil.
  • the ⁇ entire cabinet unit may;be immersed inY sterilizing liquid, placed yin a steam;cabinet, or "subjected 'to dry,Y
  • the unitr29 is placedin any suitable position suchY as, for instance, under the patients'bemand Vthe plug'4'4 ⁇ found that analgesiaY usually arisesfwithin two andone'- e ⁇ half to ⁇ three'hours ⁇ and that ilow of body fluids :within Y 1 the iootrV is usually completelyhalted within substantially.V f the same length of time; Y f Q .
  • the barrier vprovided by Vtheiblocl 21 helps, ⁇ offeourse, to .prevent heat.V exchange between Ythe interior and the Y ,exterior-of: the chamberxll; but even more Vinlp'ortantlyV it'hidesrtheioot from the-patient. ⁇ Y Underthis treatrnentV theV foot changes color1ratherlhrapid1y, assumes vra death-v
  • the assembly 32 and the switch 28 will be so designed as to maintain any desired temperature within the chamber 11, from ambient temperature to 50 Fahrenheit with a variation not to exceed 2.
  • the apparatus guards the patient against deleterious effects resulting from any failure of the refrigerating mechanism.
  • the cabinet is so designed that, even if the unit 29 should break down, the optimum temperature would be maintained within the chamber for a period ample to permit disconnection of the disabled unit 29 and substitution ofanother equivalent unit, without any possibility of thawing taking place in the patients foot.
  • Apparatus for freezing a limb extremity preliminary to amputation comprising a cabinet formed to provide a chamber, closed except for an entryway at one side,
  • barrier means movable into and out of closing relation with said entryway, said barrier means comprising a substantially-rigid, substantially U-shaped frame formed to dene an inwardly-facing channel, a block of sponge rubber supported in said channel and spanning said frame, and means hingedly supporting the base of said frame above said entryway, and means for establishing a flow of refrigerant tuid through said coils.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Description

H. c. w. SCHNEPF ETAL APPARATUS FOR PRE-AMPUTATION FREEZING Filed Dec. 422, 1952 March 4, i958 United States Patent APPARATUS FOR PRE-AMPUTATIN FREEZNG Herman C. W. Schnepf and Robert C. Webber, indianapolis, ind.; said Schnepf assigner to said Webber Application December 22, 1952, Serial No. 327,342
1 Claim. (Cl. 12S-402) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus foi freezing an extremity of a patients limb preliminary to amputation of the limb; and the invention is particularly concerned with the provision of method and apparatus details whereby improved control over the condition of the limb extremity' can be achieved while the risk of deleterious effects upon the patient is substantially reduced and analgesia is much more quickly and effectively established.
The primary object of the invention, then, is to provide a method and apparatus whereby a limb extremity may have its temperature reduced, quite quickly, to a Value such as to halt the flow of body uids within the extremity, by exposure to a completely circumambient atmosphere of extremely low temperature. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus whereby, after the quick establishment of optimum temperature throughout the extremity under treatment, ythe temperature of such circumambient atmosphere may be changed in such a fashion that the extremity will beheld at opti-mum temperatures for whatever period may be desirable, and with minimum discomfort to the patient and minimum attention on the part of the nursing stat. A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the above optimum conditions may be achieved and maintained through exposure of the extremity to a dry atmosphere of desired temperatures.
A still further object of the invention is to provide specific apparatus, including a chamber in which the extremity under treatment may be received, means for maintaining any desired temperature conditions within such chamber, and barrier means,.so constructed as to accommodate itself to the patients limb in the region imme-Y diately proximal to the extremity under treatment, such barrier means being capable -of substantially preventing heat exchange and/or air flow between the atmosphere within said chamber, to which the extremity is exposed, D
and the atmosphere without said chamber, to which the remainder of the patients limb is exposed.
Further objects of the invention will appear as the description proceeds. l Y v To the accomplishment :of the above and related objects, our invention may be embodied in the form i1- lustrated in the accompanying drawings, vattention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that change maybe made in the specific construction illustrated and described and in the specific steps stated, so long as thescope of the appended claims is not violated.
Fig. l is a perspective View of one form of apparatus embodying our invention and adaptable for use in the practice of our process;
Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the freezer cabinet;
Fig. 3 is Va ragmental section taken substantially on the line 3, 3 Of Fg- `2; and
Eig, ,4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the lrefrigeraties 'mechanism absents@ with 'the freezer' sab-iam# Y, 2,825,338 Patented Max'- 4, 19.5.8
f. ice
In the case of individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, obliterative arterial diseases and the like, and sometimes in the case of vasopastic conditions, a minor injury to a toe or any other portion of a foot, and sometimes to a hand, will frequently result in the development of spontaneous .gangrene When such a condition arises,` it isalmost invariably found that it is necessary to amputate the limb, preferably just below `the knee, .leaving two and one-halt to three inches of tibia. The Ysite of amputation is, of course, dictated primarily by the fact that blood supply, `upon which spontaneous repair is dependent, is usually optimum here, and bythe fact that the best of prosthetic devices are designed .for association with such a stump.
Almost invariably, when s uch a gangrenous condition develops., it is found that the patients general condition is'such that .immediateamputation is contra-indicated. In diabetic patients, for instance, gangrene usually will not thus develop unless the patient has lost stabilization; and in many instances, a period of four to ten days will elapse befloresatisfactory stabilization can be achieved. In the other abnormal conditions above mentioned, it is usually highly important that the patient shall Ahave treatment to improve his general condition before he is subjected to the shock of arnlnitation.
Lfalzed treatment of the infected ,region by heating, poulticins and the like, iS utterly indicative to inhibit the development and diffusion and absorption of the noxious products of necrosis and to prevent an ascendinglymphangitis, and is almost equally ineiective to provide .analgesic relief for the patient. It is deemed essential to halt the spread of infection, and it is highly desirable to provide a Ireasonable degree ot comfort for the patient, during the ytreatment required to prepare the patient for surgery.
It is conventional, therefore, tochill the aiected extremity to a degree suilicient to halt the flow of body fluids in the affected region; and, prior to our invention, the -only procedure used for that purposev has involved the use of an ice-packed boot, with attendant serious disadvantages, well known to those versed in the att.
We have discovered that, through the use of proper refrigerating apparatus, it is possible to eliminate lor alleviate all of the objectionable features of the previouslyused procedure. Ian the accompanying` drawings, wehave illustrated .one form of apparatus in which 'our invention may be embodied, and through which our novell method may be practiced. In those drawings,.the reference numeral lll indicates generally a cabinet formed to define a chamber 11 surrounded. on five sides by preferably plane walls and having, at its sixth side, an open entryway 117;. Evaporator coils i4 are suitably secured in heat-exchanging relationship to all ofthe walls 1,2.l The bottom ofthe entryway is located somewhat above the floor 16 of the chamber 11 and is provided with a pad 15, preferably of sponge rubber, upon which the region `of a patients leg immediately proximal with respect to hisv foot Y18 `may be vreasonably comfortably supported atv a level such that the patients heel is spaced above the chamber oor 116, as is clearly illustrated jin Fig. 2;
Prcferably,'but not essentially, we provide` a barrier which substantially closes the entryway 17. Inr the illustratedv embodiment of the apparatus of the present :invention, said barrier comprisesva generally Ll-shapedframe 19 whose b ase and legs are formed to dene a continuous, inwardly-facing channel 20, and a suitably proportioned block 21 of sponge rubber or the like has its top and side edges snugly seated insaid channel. Preferably, but not necessarily, the lower lendsl of the vflilme arms will be turned slightly inwardly to aid in supporting theY block 21 in place in the channel. Said block, of; course, spans the, area delined within the frame 12v-aad f -The conduit 33 carries, latritsl Youter end, a s
hazardoluis."Y Y l;
A The switch 28, ofcourse, dominates-the VcicmtrolfniechanistnV 35, Ythearrangement being such that Yany desired temperatu'rewithin the chamber. 11 Vmay-beQattainedf'and Y maintained automatically,5 upon suitable"adjustmeentV of' the ewitch 28. f The entire system maybe energized,irornV Y Y a'co'nventio'nal lighting Circuit, through-SV a :plug 44' carried fr' at the*endof.n.exible'conductor.'f
the' parts are vso proportioned and designed that; when theV base-,of said frame is hingedlysupported, as at 22,
' inside the chamber; 11, substantially. in
upon the cabinet above the entryway 17, the barrier will tendrto fall by gravity into closingrelation Withrtheenf Atitslower'edge,the block 21 is substantially centr'ally Y pryidedjwith'a'slit 23 which opens throug'hthe Yloweredge :oithe'block and'leadsinto a substantially circular 'i opening'24gl proportioned andrdesigned snugly to em- Ibrace"thejpatientsleg just aboverthe ankle, when the Y. 'partsfare in the solid line positions ofFig.V 2. Y
I ."Thecabinet-'IOV comprises also :an outer, shell "25, the
region'betweenthe'walls V12 and the shell 25 vpreferably bengfpacked .with ia suitable insulating material such as, ,foriins'tance ,Fiberglas; and-the shellv is suitably Welded or otherwise secured to the vyallsV 12 so that the'insulati'ng material 26 is hermetically enclosed.V l
Preferably, Va Vthermometer V27., having'A a bulb disposed within the' chamber 11, is mounted on'an outer Wall of*Y the cabinet; and-a control switch 28, whose function will jappearrhereinafter', isrrr'iournted` adjacent the thermometer.
' Y .The cabinetas a Ywhole is 'so proportioned'anddesigned 'thatfit'may stand, inthe attitude suggested in Fig. 1, upon afhospital bed' orQup'on a ltable'suitably located adjacent 'thefbed,' andvat valevel such that the patients footl may beosuspendedwithin thev chamber 11,;in the mannerY sug- -Y gestedgin Fig.' 2', .withi minimum discomfort. to thepatient.
" A"'separateV unit, indicated generally Vbyrthe Vreference numeral 29,lcomprises a -frame .30V mountedV on casters.'
3I'and so`proportioned anddesigned that 'itmayfbe con-V viently disposed beneath aconventional hospital bed. ,A f
vrefrigeration system', of Vany .desired form, lis indicated Ygenerally by the reference numeral 32, and, kasV shown', will includeV an electricmotor, a c'omlgyressor,y Valccmdenser, and conduits 33 and 34 for establishing the usual refriger ation cycleow Vbetween the unit 32 'andthe coilf14,one
conduitfbeing connected toene end of the coil 14 andthe V'o'the'r'conduitrbeing connected to theother endlofsaid coil.Y *InY what we -believe to bethe optimum `form offour Y apparatus",V theconduits 33 and l34 will Vl;\e'fleiiible,'rub
Vberoidrnater-ial.of suchrcharacter-as Yto sureswhich are inherent in the system.
withstand the pres- Aconti'olunit of Aconventional form isindicatedrat-i35 and is connected by aeirible electricY conductor,36, t0; Ytheswitch 28, preferablysthrough a conventionahgseparable `Vconji'iect'or, indicated at 37.VY
Y. Y' 38 whilevt'he Vconduit `34Y -carriesa similar shutoi yalve39. SimilarA valves 40 and 41 are preferably supported upon thejoppositeV ends:y of the coil 174,'to control the sameyand connector means 42 Yand V43V areprovidedp betweenlthe Y. valves on the conduits andthe valves on the'coiLfor coni. .f
ne'cting said conduits with the coil. Through this arrange- Vm'ent, of Vcourse, it is possible, withminimum diifnculty, to s' disconnect the'cabinet- 10 from the .unit 29, throughrtlici Yseparable connectors 37,42'and43.1Since;thecabinet V10Y `is, as above explained, aV hermetically tight.V structure,V
the` entire cabinet unit may;be immersed inY sterilizing liquid, placed yin a steam;cabinet, or "subjected 'to dry,Y
sterilizingtemperaturesjras highas 2 503 Fahrenheit, with# outthe loss of refrigerant and without hazard. We pre#Y vrently .believe'that the system-'shouldluse va Frecm?Y `re-lY man 'valve the position illustrated in Fig. 2. The patient andthe cabinet are mutually adjusted in position until the patient'isreasonably comfortableg'and thereupon the barrier is lowered to its solidline position of Fig. 2, the patients leg passing through the slit A23 and entering Vthe opening 24.Y p Y Y Now,'the unitr29 is placedin any suitable position suchY as, for instance, under the patients'bemand Vthe plug'4'4 {found that analgesiaY usually arisesfwithin two andone'- e `half to `three'hours `and that ilow of body fluids :within Y 1 the iootrV is usually completelyhalted within substantially.V f the same length of time; Y f Q .The barrier vprovided by Vtheiblocl 21 helps,` offeourse, to .prevent heat.V exchange between Ythe interior and the Y ,exterior-of: the chamberxll; but even more Vinlp'ortantlyV it'hidesrtheioot from the-patient.`Y Underthis treatrnentV theV foot changes color1ratherlhrapid1y, assumes vra death-v likeA gray appearance,and frequently begins to collectieV crystals; andlit vhas been. found that itfisp'sychologically Ainnivisable'.for. the patienti to have ali-opportunityVV to .seeYV l the-footrinpthatjeondition.V Y f 'Y .Once analgesia has been established ainlftlzle:[ilowiof` body fluids withinithefoothas been completely halted,
itis desirable to raise the temperature Ywithin the chain# f Y ber k1'1ptoa'yaluejust'below thefreezing point fof water.k i
Usually, a' Ytemperature of V25" to 30? "F; isi found toibo optimum; and this temperature iszmaintainedfsubstan- Y tially withoutvariation; until just'before lthe amputationY is performed. i v' The quick freezing eiected byrfollowingthe above procedure eliminates the'long period of agonizing Apain from which the jpatient must `be protected, .under previously knownv procedures, by heavy and long-eontinued sedation. i Thus the' deleterious eect of; suchl sedation Vupox1 .theV patients general condition is largely,llf not lentirely;A
' avoided. The discomfort V resulting .from `a heavyweight v.of icelvbearing upon Vthe Yinfectedli member is .completely i avoided,fs`ince .the foot is suspended,.entirelyfout off'con-"ff s tact withlan'ythingWithinthe'chamberll'vSomefrslight l 'i movement ofthe limbwithrespect to'theicabine iSV'Pef 'i rnissiblejsoY thateven theV- slig'ht'discornfort resulting from 'thefsuspension.of-thelimb uponfthepadls isthu'sjmini; i
fdu'ces; ofrepleni'shingthe ieesupply, y.disygiosifng-.o Y Y fwater resultinggfr'om;themeltingiofrthe.ieehand lneerungY` the bed reaona'bly dry Vand 'that the Vpractice et theiprocess frgerant which is (non-toxic, lrnon-inammableand non?" 1 r 11, the patient may be kept comfortably warm;V and' the:4
.When it is Vdesired Vto'. freeze 'a limb Vextremity;accioriingA .to'ioufr method of `procedure;fthey cabinet 10 'isfplaced il ...in aconvenientposition on adjacent-the patients bed.V Y i Now, thebarrier is raised, and the patientsV foot is placed:y
y'teriali2i 1inthe.'manner illu`strtitiijjj'YY Y Y -maintenance' offra 'constantltemperaturefwithm thefre But'ef'majf @penance thence 'ihntheappaj -j ratus of the present 'application completely elirninaltes"V `he Y labor burden;inevitable'Withipreviuslyiknown ofcef v i 'Y i v if..- he
f' the; present' application fmfirviflins the feafiet' er t'r'emityina completely dry atmosphere, .therebygprlote l ing the patientiagainst'thedeleteriouseiects whrchiarise possibility of *extension offireezingj V.toward Y the trunk` `yond thezpdesired region .O f. freezing, is` mininiizegh 1 Preferably, an accumlamr 45 Lis,ineluded;.in in re intersting 'System anais embedded einem Y Y ing chamber is facilitated and line freezing back toward the compressor is obviated.
Preferably, the assembly 32 and the switch 28 will be so designed as to maintain any desired temperature within the chamber 11, from ambient temperature to 50 Fahrenheit with a variation not to exceed 2.
As designed and disclosed, the apparatus guards the patient against deleterious effects resulting from any failure of the refrigerating mechanism. The cabinet is so designed that, even if the unit 29 should break down, the optimum temperature would be maintained within the chamber for a period ample to permit disconnection of the disabled unit 29 and substitution ofanother equivalent unit, without any possibility of thawing taking place in the patients foot.
Ordinarily, satisfactory analgesia and effective inhibition of dispersion of toxins through the system can be efected by freezing only the distal end of the limb beyond the ankle or wrist joint. In the exeremely unusual case where it is found necessary or desirable to extend the freezing farther toward the trunk, it is entirely possible to do so with the present apparatus by opening the barrier, attaching a rubber sheet in any suitable fashion -around the entryway 17, and carrying that sheet to any desired point in the length of the patients limb. It has been found that the mechanism is capable, when thus used, of maintaining any desired sub-freezing temperature within the entire space enclosed by the rubber sheet.
We claim as our invention:
Apparatus for freezing a limb extremity preliminary to amputation, comprising a cabinet formed to provide a chamber, closed except for an entryway at one side,
evaporator coils outside said chamber in heat-exchange relation to the walls of said chamber, heat-insulation means outside said chamber, means enclosing said insulation means and said coils and cooperating with said chamber walls to seal said insulation means hermetically from the circumambient atmosphere, barrier means movable into and out of closing relation with said entryway, said barrier means comprising a substantially-rigid, substantially U-shaped frame formed to dene an inwardly-facing channel, a block of sponge rubber supported in said channel and spanning said frame, and means hingedly supporting the base of said frame above said entryway, and means for establishing a flow of refrigerant tuid through said coils.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,222,945 Hammerstein Apr. 17, 1917 1,875,261 Pot Aug. 30, 1932 1,991,784 Bohemier et al. Feb. 19, 1935 2,415,455 Barnes et al. Feb. 11, 1947 2,632,313 Fehr Mar. 24, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 910,374 France Jan. 28, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Scientific American, for April 1942, page 183.
Journal of the American Medical Association, for September 4, 1943, pp. 13-17. (Copies in the Scientic Library.)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097650A (en) * 1958-06-12 1963-07-16 Reflectotherm Inc Therapeutic radiant cooling system
US3280896A (en) * 1964-04-24 1966-10-25 Elmer L Goodson Apparatus for utilizing vehicle heated air
US3369550A (en) * 1967-02-17 1968-02-20 Thomas A. Armao Cryogenic clamps
US3507322A (en) * 1969-05-08 1970-04-21 Freez Porter Systems Inc Apparatus for handling perishable materials
US3918458A (en) * 1974-10-07 1975-11-11 Howard J Nethery Process and apparatus for cryostatic pre-operative treatment of gangrenous extremeties
US4249923A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-02-10 Walda Kim L Cardioplegic fluid refrigeration and delivery system
US5056320A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-10-15 Spectron Laser Gmbh Process for cooling an apparatus, device for performing the process, and refrigerating machine for cooling the coolant present in the device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1222945A (en) * 1916-06-14 1917-04-17 Oscar Hammerstein Medical apparatus.
US1875261A (en) * 1928-02-10 1932-08-30 William S Jennings Apparatus for applying heat for therapeutic and other purposes
US1991784A (en) * 1932-07-28 1935-02-19 Charles A Bohemier Refrigerant applicator
FR910374A (en) * 1945-04-19 1946-06-05 Suction cups in all their applications with electric or hydraulic suction
US2415455A (en) * 1944-05-06 1947-02-11 Eugene L Barnes Applicator apparatus for refrigeration anaesthesia
US2632313A (en) * 1951-03-03 1953-03-24 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus having means for preventing condensation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1222945A (en) * 1916-06-14 1917-04-17 Oscar Hammerstein Medical apparatus.
US1875261A (en) * 1928-02-10 1932-08-30 William S Jennings Apparatus for applying heat for therapeutic and other purposes
US1991784A (en) * 1932-07-28 1935-02-19 Charles A Bohemier Refrigerant applicator
US2415455A (en) * 1944-05-06 1947-02-11 Eugene L Barnes Applicator apparatus for refrigeration anaesthesia
FR910374A (en) * 1945-04-19 1946-06-05 Suction cups in all their applications with electric or hydraulic suction
US2632313A (en) * 1951-03-03 1953-03-24 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus having means for preventing condensation

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097650A (en) * 1958-06-12 1963-07-16 Reflectotherm Inc Therapeutic radiant cooling system
US3280896A (en) * 1964-04-24 1966-10-25 Elmer L Goodson Apparatus for utilizing vehicle heated air
US3369550A (en) * 1967-02-17 1968-02-20 Thomas A. Armao Cryogenic clamps
US3507322A (en) * 1969-05-08 1970-04-21 Freez Porter Systems Inc Apparatus for handling perishable materials
US3918458A (en) * 1974-10-07 1975-11-11 Howard J Nethery Process and apparatus for cryostatic pre-operative treatment of gangrenous extremeties
US4249923A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-02-10 Walda Kim L Cardioplegic fluid refrigeration and delivery system
US5056320A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-10-15 Spectron Laser Gmbh Process for cooling an apparatus, device for performing the process, and refrigerating machine for cooling the coolant present in the device

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