US2823670A - Underwater breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 18, 1958 y R. E. PAGE 2,823,670

UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS Filed March 29, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 .Jn/Ey 5?: P4' @5,

NVENTOR.

By l

r ToRf/Ey Feb. 18, 1958 R. E. PAGE l 2,823,670

UNDERWATER BREATHING llLP-ARA'I'US Filed March 29, 1954 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 frown/Ey ,United ,SfatS Pat,f1fOf UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS Rory E. Page, Long Beach, Calif., assignor to Hope-Page Engineering Corp., Lakewood, Calif., a corporation of California Application March 29, 1954, Serial No. 419,195

Claims. (Cl. 12S-142) The present invention relates to the general eld of underwater diving equipment, and more particularly to an improved breathing apparatus for use in conjunction with diving devices of the aqua-lung type. Although the aqua-lung diving apparatus distributed by U. S. Divers Co. of 1045 Broxton Avenue, West Los Angeles, California, has been developed to the extent that there is but a most remote possibility of its malfunctioning, and with the aqua-lung experienced divers have been able to descend to depths as great as 300 feet, the previously available breathing apparatus used in association therewith has been found to have several major operational disadvantages.

ln using the aqua-lung the diver breathes through a mouthpiece which is part of a tubular T-shaped member, the oppositely disposed legs of which are connected to a source of air and to an air discharge tube respectively. Occasionally in the past a diver has inadvertently dropped or had the mouthpiece displaced from his mouth while submerged, whereby the mouthpiece becomes filled with water. It is extremely diflicult -for even the most skilled diver to remove the water from the mouthpiece by blowing. The hoses used in supplying air to and permitting air to be discharged from the mouthpiece are of an annular corrugated construction, and water tends to remain in the depressed portions thereof. Even if a diver is aware of the presence of water in the hoses, he may inadvertently draw a portion of the water into his mouth when he inhales, which causes him to choke or cough. Such choking or coughing may result in displacement of the mouthpiece from the divers mouth to again become filled with water, thus augmenting a serious' situation which has endangered and may have been the cause of the loss of a number of lives.

A further operational disadvantage of previously available aqua-lung apparatus resides in the fact that as the diver exhales, the exhaled air carries an appreciable percentage of carbon dioxide therewith which to a degree is mixed with -fresh incoming air, and this mixture is then inhaled by the diver. Thus, in using such equipment the diver at no time is able to use the aqua-lung to its maximum efficiency, for the pure air discharged from the pressure cylinder associated therewith is contaminated by exhaled carbon dioxide before -the diver has an opportunity to breathe the same. The degree of such contamination is not known, but it is known that in dives of greater than thirty-three feet deep, if the carbon dioxide present in the incoming air exceeds a certain percentage, itis lethal.

The major object of the present invention is to provide a breathing apparatus for use with underwater equipment which may be removed from the divers mouth under water, yet when the diver blows into the mouthpiece thereof, the water contained therein may be displaced therefrom.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a breathing apparatus of the character described that eliminates. substantially all possibility of the incoming air becoming 2,823,670 Patented Feb. 18, 1958 contaminated by the carbon dioxide contained in exhaled air; permits unimpaired operation of the aqua-lung equipment associated therewith should the ipper valve thereof be damaged or displaced therefrom; permits dives of long `duration to be made in that additional aqua-lung units may be lowered to the diver as his air supply becomes depleted; eliminates the annoyance and inconvenience to the diver caused by gurgling of water in the equipment hoses; and which removes the element of fear experienced by many divers in anticipating that the breathing apparatus might be dislodged and become filled with water.

A further object of the invention is to supply a breathing apparatus for divers that is extremely simple in operation, may be readily assembled and disassembled to permit easy check on the operating condition of theqcomponent parts thereof, and may be fabricated from standard commercially available materials whereby it can be retailed in the medium-priced merchandising field.

Yet anotherV object of the invention is to supply a breathing apparatus that is foolproof, and which operates in such a manner that should the emergency arise, several divers could alternately use the s ame mouthpiece for breathing when under water.

A still further object of the invention is to furnish a diving apparatus that is extremely safe in operation and eliminates substantially all of the remaining hazards of diving with equipment of the aqua-lung type.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred and alternate forms thereof, and from the inFigu're 5 with a portion of the valve body cut away toA show the structure of the valve member;

Figure 7 is a side elevational View of an alternate form of valve;

Figure 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the alternate form of valve shown in Figure 7 taken on the line' 8-8 thereof; and

Figure 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an aqualung taken along line 9-9 of Figure l.

Diving apparatus of the aqua-lung type has threeV major parts: a bottle of air compressed to atmospheres which is normally strapped to the divers back; a two-stagel pressure reduction mechanism which automatically supplies air on demand to the diver at a pressure equal to that of the water surrounding him, the structure of which is shown in Figure 9;'and a loop of flexible tubing leading out of and back into the pressure reduction mech-- anism, through which tube the diver inhales and exhales by means of the breathing apparatus.

relied on manually controlled valves and a continuous wasteful flow of air for operation thereof, in that an ingenious two-stage air pressure regulator is employed therewith, which forms no part of the present invention.

However, an understanding of the manner in which this regulator operates is essential to a full comprehension of the novelty of the present breathing apparatus.

Although the detailed structure of the present-dayV aqua-lung may differ slightly from the form shown in "Figure, 9, the, essential operation of both devices vis the The present-day. aqua-lung differs from earlier compressed air devices that same. The equa-lung regulator R shown includes a nozzle N to which air at 3000 pounds pressure to the square inch is delivered from a suitable cylinder C as shown in Figure l. A two-stage pressure reducing valve V, actuated by two springs and 11, admits air into a chamber 12 defined by a diaphragm 13 and the interior surface of a housing 14. Air is delivered into this chamber at a slightly higher pressure than that of the water surrounding the device.

Air passage 15 extends through housing 14 to a relatively large air reservoir 16 situated therebelow. The lower end of the air reservoir is closed by a resilient diaphragm 17, the exterior surface of which contacts the water surrounding the diver. Passage 15 terminates in a port 18 forming a part of a demand valve 19. The balance of the demand valve is formed by an L-shaped member that has one leg 20 normally disposed to the interior center portion of diaphragm 17 and affixed thereto, and another leg 21 positioned substantially parallel to the diaphragm is pivotally supported at an intermediate position by a rigid member 22 that depends into the reservoir from housing 14. As pressure of the water contacting the surface of diaphragm 17 increases, the diaphragm deforms inwardly to pivot leg 21 in a clockwise direction to separate a valve member 23 mounted on the free extremity thereof from engagement with port 18. Air then flows into the reservoir through port 18 until the air pressure within the reservoir is slightly in excess of the water pressure on the exterior surface of diaphragm 17.

A second chamber 24 having perforated sidewalls is situated below the reservoir 16. A first length of exible tubing 25 extends outwardly from reservoir 16 and is in communication with the breathing apparatus, which apparatus is also connected to a second length of tubing 26 that extends to the interior of the perforated chamber. In previously available aqua-lung equipment a portion of the divers exhaled breath would pass through tube 26, and the balance thereof contaminated with carbon dioxide, would mix with fresh air flowing to the breathing apparatus through tube 25, but in the present invention, exhaled air is discharged through tube 26 only. An exhale valve 28 or flipper valve as it is sometimes referred to, is formed from resilient, thin-walled material, and mounted on the discharge end of tube 26 positioned within the confines of the perforated chamber. Valve 28 prevents upward iiow of water in tube 26 when the pressure therein is lowered when the diver breathes.

As a diver inhales through the aqua-lung mouthpiece, the pressure within reservoir 16 is reduced whereby the diaphragm 17 is deformed inwardly due to the surrounding water pressure, to open port 18. Air is then discharged through passage 15 into reservoir 16 until the air pressure is slightly greater than that of the water on the exterior of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is deformed outwardly to cause valve member 23 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction until it again engages port 18 and prevents further discharge of air therefrom.

. The structural details of the presently preferred embodiment of the breathing apparatus of the present invention which eliminates appreciable intermingling of fresh air and contaminated air, may best be seen in Figures 2 and 3. The device includes a tubular T-shaped member generally designated by the numeral 30, that has two opposltely disposed legs 31 and 32, and a third leg 33 normally disposed thereto and in communication therewith. T 30 may be fabricated from metal, plastic or any desired material that is not subject to corrosion when exposed to s alt water, and which will not break or fracture when subjected to physical shock. Leg 31, as may best be seen 1n Flgure 3, has a flange 31a extending outwardly from the end portion thereof, on which flange threads 31b are formed on the exterior circumferential surface thereof. lsimilarly, a leg 32 is provided with a flange 32a embodying threads 32b on the outer circumference thereof. Flanges 31a and 32a arev formed with annular recesses 4 31:.` and 32e, respectively. The dimensions of recess 31C are such as to accommodate the outer peripheral portion of a circular and relatively thin valve body 34 in which a centrally disposed longitudinal tapped bore 35 is formed. Valve body 34 is provided with a plurality of ports 36 which are preferably spaced around the central portion thereof in a selected pattern. One pattern which has proved most successful in practice is to position ports of triangular configuration in side-by-side relationship whereby the adjacent edges of the ports define a number of radially disposed legs 37 extending from the center of the valve body to the circumferential portion thereof, as shown in Figure 4. v

A circular valve member 33 formed from a resilient sheet material is provided, the diameter of which is suc; that the lcircumferential edge thereof is adjacent to, but does not contact the interior surface of tubular leg 31, as may best be seen in Figure 3. Valve member 38 is affixed to the interior face of Valve body 34 by means of a screw 33a which extends through an opening in the valve member to engage the tapped bore Valve body 34, together with a resilient gasket 39, are rigidly held within the confines of recess 31e due to contact with a circumfereutially extending body shoulder 40 formed in a tapped flange 41 that removably engages threads 31h. A tubular portion 42 exten-ds from flange 41, to form a tapered section 43 and develops at the lower extremity thereof into a tube 44 of smaller diameter than tubular portion 42. Tube 44 is of such external diameter as to permit slidable insertion thereof within the contines of the outer free'extremity of tube 25, and the two tubes are rigidly held together by an encircling clamp 45 of conventional design, of the type employed in making hose connections.

it will be noted in Figure 3 that with the valve body and member disposed in the tubular T as shown, that air may ow from tube 44 into the confines of the T when the valve member 38 moves inwardly to the position shown in phantom line, but that movement of air from the confines of the T back into tube li. is prevented in this particular valving arrangement. The importance of this arrangement of the valve will be described in detail hereinafter.

In Figure 2 it will be noted that the ange 32a of leg 32 is considerably larger in diameter than flange 31a, but is provided with a second valve identical to the valve previously described, except that it is of larger diameter in order that it may fit in recess 32e. Threads B2b on the flange are engaged by an internally tapped tubular member of the same general structure as the one associated with the opposite leg of the tubular T. The structure of the second valve and the associated tubular member mounted in recess .3211 need not be described due to its similarity to the one previously described. As a result of this similarity, corresponding parts of the second valve and tubular member will be identified by the same numerals used in identifying component parts of the first valve and tubular member, but with a prime added thereto.

It will be particularly noted in Figure 3 that the outer edge portions 36' are flush with the interior surface of the legs 31 and 32 to permit water that may have entered the confines of tubular member 30 to flow therefrom with a minimum of interference through the valve body 34' and past the -valve member 3S. The valve member 38 is so disposed that both water and air can flow from the tubular member 30 into the hose 26, but cannot re-enter the tubular member 30 from the hose.

In Figures 2 andl 3Vit will be seen that the leg 33 with which the mouthpiece 50 communicates, has a cross section that is elongate in the same direction as the longitudinal axes of legs 31 and 32. Furthermore, this interior cross section of leg 33, which in Figure 3 is identified by the numeral 50a, is disposed mid-way on one side of tubular T 30 to minimize the possibility of water owing therein should it enter the contines of the T. The mouthpiece 50 mounted on the outer extremity of leg 33, includes an elongate curved ange 54 which engages the divers lips and portions of the cheeks when he holds the mouthpiece by gripping two laterally spaced outwardly extending members 55 between his teeth. This breathing apparatus is used in the same manner as apparatus now supplied with the present aqua-lung equipment.

As the diver inhales, the pressure is lowered momentarily in tubular member 30 between the valve members 38 and 38'. This lower air pressure creates a greater differential between it and the air pressure existing on the exterior surface of valve member 38', whereby member 38' is forced into tighter sealing contact with valve body 34' than before to effect a fluid-tight seal therewith and prevent entry of any water that may have been discharged into tubular members 42', 44 or the exible tube 26. However, this momentary lowering of the air pressure in the confined space between the valve members 38 and 38 has a completely different action on the valve member 38, in that this valve member tends to move inwardly to the position shown in phantom line in Figure 3 to permit air to pass from tube 25 into the confined space and equalize the pressure.

The valve member 38 has a certain amount of resiliency, and tends at all times, unless subjected to a deforming force, to remain in a plane parallel to that of the exterior surface of the valve body 34, in which position the valve member is in fluid sealing contact therewith. Air flowing from the flexible tube 25 into the confined space between the valve members 38 and 38' to equalize the pressure, momentarily causes lowering of the air pressure in tube 25. As pressure in tube 25 lowers, air ows from the reservoir 16 to equalize the pressure in the tube, whereby the air pressure in the reservoir is lowered, causing the diaphragm 17 to be deformed inwardly due to the pressure of the Water in contact with the exterior surface thereof and this movement of the diaphragm results in separation of the valve member 23 from the port 18 and air is then discharged from port 18 into the reservoir until a pressure is attained therein that is slightly higher than that on the water contacting the exterior surfacev of the diaphragm 17. When the reservoir pressure rises above the water pressure against diaphragm 17, the diaphragm deforms outwardly and pivots the arm 21 in a counterclockwise direction to return valve member 23 into a sealing position with port 18. Valve member 23 when thus disposed prevents further discharge of air through reservoir 16 until the pressure therein is again lowered when the diver breathes, and the above-described cycle is repeated.

The diver then exhales the air he has inhaled, which of course contains carbon dioxide. With the previously available diving equipment a portion of such exhaled air would enter tube 25 although the major portion would be discharged from tube 26. However, in the breathing apparatus of the present invention when air is exhaled into the contines of tubular T 30, the air pressure therein increases, creating a pressure differential between it and the air on the side of diaphragm 38' within the confines of tubular members 40', 44' and ilexible tube 46. This differential in pressures causes the valve member 38 to momentarily deform outwardly to assume the position shown in phantom line in Figure 3, and permit passage of exhaled air through the port in valve body 34 to tube 26, where it in turn Hows to the exhale valve forming a part of the aqua-lung equipment.

As the air pressure in the tubular T 30 increases due to exhaling on the part of the user of the invention it can ow in only one direction, and that through the valve body ports 36 past the valve member 38'. It is impossible for water or air to enter tube 25 as the diver exhales, for any increase in pressure in the confined space betweenthe two valve members 38 and 38 simply increases the pressure differential between the interior face of valve "member 38 Iandthe 'exterior face thereof. This increase of pressure diierential between the two valve members 38 and 38 simply increases the force with which the valve member 38 engages the interior face of valve body 34, to increase the eciency of the sealing contact made therewith.

From the above description it will be seen that substantially all of the carbon dioxide exhaled by a diver is discharged past the valve member 38', before the valve member 38 is deformed inwardly tov permit entrance of fresh air `from tube 25 into the vconfines of tubular T 30 for subsequent withdrawal through the mouthpiece leg 33 into the divers mouth. A diver is thus able to utilize the quantity of vair in the -cylinder associated with the aqua-lung equipment at substantially maximum eciency that may be achieved therewith.

Although the circular valve body 34 and valve member 38 previously described have been found from experience to be quite satisfactory in use, it is possible to use valves of different design with the breathing apparatus and secure equally good results therewith. One such alternate form is shown in Figures 5 and 6. A circular rigid plate-like valve body 60 is provided that has one dat face 61, and an roppositely disposed flat face 61a formed with a circumferentially extending portion 62 which tapers outwardly and inwardly toward face 60. A central longitudinally extending bore 63 is formed in the valve body (Figure 5), as well as a number of triangularly-shaped ports 64 disposed around the bore 63 in a predetermined pattern to det-lne a number of radially extending legs 65. A valve member 66 is provided, the central portion of which is of greater thickness than the balance thereof, generally designated 67. Valve member 66 includes a circular sheet of resilient material in which a circumferentially extending portion 67a is formed that tapers outwardly and inwardly toward the face 62 of the valve member. A neck 68 projects from portion 67, which neck .has `a slightly conical enlargement formed on the outer portion thereof that serves 4as a stop to hold valve 66 in the desired position on the valve body 60 after enlargement 69 has been drawn through bore 63 to the position shown in Figure 5. The valve shown inFigures 5 and 6 is used in precisely the same manner in the breathing apparatus as the valve shown in Figures 2 and 3.

A third alternate form of valve adapted for use in conjunction with the present invention is disclosed in Figures 7 and 8. This valve may be formed as an integral unit, and includes a ring-like body 70 of approximate size to it into either the recesses 31C or 32e. The inner circumferential surface 71 of the ring defines a circular opening 72 that is normally closed by a U-shaped flap 73 that depends from the upper portion of the ring, with the inner peripheral portion of the ap adapted to movably engage a recessed complementary seat 74 formed in a portion of valve body 70. The valve shown in Figures 7 and 8 is adapted for use with the breathing apparatus shown in Figures 2 and 3 in the same manner as the valves disclosed therein.

The operation and use of the invention has `been de? scribed in detail in connection with the form of the valve shown in Figures 2 and 3 and need not be repeated as to the second and third 'alternate types disclosed in Figures 5 to 8 inclusive. In the use of breathingapparatus shown in Figures 2 yand 3, it has been found convenient to provide a ring that extends along the exterior surface of the tubular leg 33, to which two -outwardly extending tiexible strips 81 and 82 are affixed. These strips may be fabricated of any exible material that is not adversely aected 'by sea water. Each strip is provided with complementary fastening means 83 and 84 on the.

ends thereof whereby they may be placed in an encircling position around the neck and held in position when the fastening means are engaged. Encircling'strips 81 and 82 prevents movement of the mouthpiecebeyond-v a certain predetermined distance from the mouth, should it become inadvertently dislodged during the diving operation` Although the breathing apparatus herein shown and described is fully capable of achieving the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore mentioned, it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, arid that there is no intention of limiting the patent protection sought to the details of construction other than as defined in the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:

l. Underwa-ter breathing apparatus adapted for use with air supply and air discharge tubes from which water may be completely discharged when submerged which includes: a tubular T having first and second coaxially aligned legs, and a third leg disposed substantially normal thereto; first and second ring-shaped flanges extending outwardly from the extremities of said first and second legs respectively, which flanges are provided with threads on the outer circumferential portions thereof, and recesses that extend outwardly from the inner circumferential edges thereof to define first and second body shoulders respec- Itively; a first circular valve body in which a plurality of ports are formed, said body being adapted to be removably positioned in said first recess; a first valve member associated with said first valve body that only permits fluid fiow into said tubular member when the air pressure on the interior of said T is lower than that on the exterior thereof; a second circular valve body in which a o plurality of ports are formed, which is adapted to be removably disposed in said second recess, with said ports extending outwardly beyond the inner surface of said second leg to permit discharge of all water entering said T -to pass therethrough; a second valve member associated with said second valve body that `only permits flow of air and water through said ports in said second body when the air pressure within said T is greater than that on the exterior thereof; first threaded means which removably engage said threads of said first fiange to hold said first valve body in uid-sealing contact with said first body shoulder, said air supply tube communicating with said ports inl said first valve body; second threaded means which removably engage said threads of said second fiange to hold said second valve body in duid-sealing contact with said second body shoulder and said air discharge tube; and a mouthpiece affixed to the extremity of said third leg to permit said apparatus to be held in a breathing position by a diver.

2. An underwater breathing apparatus as defined in claim l, sai-d first and second valve members of which are circular sheets of a resilient material removably dis` posed on the in-terior face of said first valve body and the exterior face of said second valve body and normally effect a Huid-tight seal therewith.

3. An underwater breathing apparatus as defined in claim l said first and second valve members of which are circular sheets of a resilient material removably dis posed on the interior face of said first valve body and the exterior face of said second valve body, with said second valve member being larger in diameter than said first valve member and extending outwardly beyond the interior surface -of said second leg.

4. An underwater breathing apparatus as defined in claim l said first and second valve bodies of which have centrally disposed, longitudinally extending bores, formed therein and said first and second valve members are circular sheets having projecting portions adapted to be removably disposed'in said bores to hold said first sheet in fluid-sealing contact with the interior face of said first valve body, and said second sheet in fluid-sealing lContact with the exteriorface of said second valve body, said first and second valve members normally being'in fiuidtight contact with said first and second valve bodies, respectively,

5. An underwater breathing apparatus comprising, in combination: an air supply tube; an air discharge tube; a T-shaped tubular member having first and second coaxially aligned legs, and a third leg disposed substantially normal thereto; first and second ring-shaped fianges extending outwardly from the extremities of said first and second legs, respectively, which flanges are provided with recesses that extend outwardly from the inner circumferential edges thereof to define first and second body shoulders, respectively; first and second circular valve bodies in each of which a plurality of ports are formed, each valve body having a circular longitudinally extending bore formed therein, said first and second valve bodies being adapted to be removably disposed within said first and second recesses, respectively, in removable engagement with the respective body shoulders thereof; first and second circular valve members made `of resilient sheet material and associated with said first and second valve bodies, respectively; first and second valve necks associated with said valve members, respectively, each valve neck extending normally outward from the associated valve member at substantially the center thereof and having a conical enlargement formed on `the outer portion thereof, each valve neck being disposed within the bore of the associated Valve body so that the conical enlargement thereof is on the opposite side of the valve body from the associated valve member; means connecting said air supply tube to said first flange in communication with the ports in said first valve body, said first valve member being positioned on the side of said first valve body which faces toward the interior of said T-shaped tubular member to normally cover said ports in said first valve body; means connecting said air discharge tube to said second fiange, said second valve member being positioned on the side of said second valve body which faces toward said air discharge tube so as to normally cover the ports in said second valve body; and a mouthpiece afiixed to the extremity of said third leg to permit said apparatus to be held in a breathing position by a diver.

6. An underwater breathing apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein each of said valve bodies includes six ports defining six radially disposed legs.

7. An underwater breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 5 which also includes means for supplying air to said air supply tube at a regulated pressure which is measurably greater than the pressure then existing within said air discharge tube.

8. Underwater breathing apparatus from which appara tus water may be completely discharged while submerged when subjected to air pressure, which includes: first and second pressure sensitive valves each formed from a ring of solid material from which a resilient fiap depends and normally effects a fluid-tight seal with a curved recessed valve seat formed on the side portion of said ring on which said flap is positioned; a tubular body formed with a centrally disposed port, said, valves closing the ends of said body on opposite sides of said port to cooperatively define a compartment, said first valve permitting flow of air into said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side of said valve is greater than that on the downstream side thereof, said second valve so disposed as to permit ejection of all water entering said tubular body therethrough into an air discharge tube, and said second valve permitting flow of air and water from said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side thereof is higher than that on the downstream side thereof; breathing means communicating with said compartment through said port of said body; means to removably connect an air supply tube to said body communicating with said first valve; and means to removably connect said air discharge tube to said body communicating with said second valve.

9. Underwater breathing apparatus from which apparatus water may be completely discharged while submerged-,when subjected to air pressure, which includes#- tirst and second pressure sensitive valves each formed from a circular thin valve body having a plurality of ports spaced around the center portion thereof, and a circular valve member formed from a sheet of resilient material that is held against one side of said body by fastening means that engage both said member and said central portion of said valve member, and said valve member normally occupying a fluid-sealing position with said valve body; a tubular body formed with a centrally disposed port, said valves closing the ends of said body on opposite sides of said port to cooperatively define a compartment, said first valve permitting ow of air into said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side of said valve is greater than that on the downstream side thereof, said second valve so disposed as to permit ejection of all water entering said tubular body therethrough into an air discharge tube, and said second valve permitting ow of air and water from said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side thereof is higher than that on the downstream side thereof; breathing means communicating with said compartment through said port of said body; means to removably connect an air supply tube to said body communicating with said first valve; and means to removably connect said air discharge tube to said body communieating with said second valve.

10. Underwater breathing apparatus from which apparatus water may be completely discharged while submerged when subjected to air pressure, which includes: first and second pressure sensitive valves each formed from a circular thin valve body having a downwardly and outwardly tapered circumferentially disposed side portion, and a plurality of ports spaced around the center portion thereof, and a circular valve member formed from resilient sheet material but of such rigidity that a circumferentially extending tapered lip portion may be formed therein, said valve member being provided with a centrally disposed elongate stem projecting outwardly therefrom 1n the same direction as said lip, said stem being adapted to support said member on said valve body by removably engaging a bore formed in said central portion of said valve member, and said lip normally engaging said tapered side portion to effect a fluid-tight seal therewith; a tubular body formed with a centrally disposed port, said valves closing the ends of said body on opposite sides of said port to cooperatively define a compartment, said first valve permitting flow of air into said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side of said valve is greater than that on the downstream side thereof, said second valve so disposed as to permit ejection of all water entering said tubular body therethrough into an air discharge tube, and said second valve permitting ow of air and water from said compartment only when the pressure on the upstream side thereof is higher than that on the downstream side thereof; breathing means communicating with said compartment through said port of said body; means to removably connect an air supply tube to said body communicating with said first valve; and means to removably connect said air discharge tube to said body communicating with said second valve.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,341,566 Monro Feb. 15, 1944 2,362,643 Lambertson Nov. 14, 1944 2,764,151 Cupp Sept. 25, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 372,638 Great Britain May 12, 1932 702,705 Germany Feb. 14, 1941 893,295 Germany Oct. 15, 1953

Images