US2822541A - Lens antenna system - Google Patents

Lens antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2822541A
US2822541A US474359A US47435954A US2822541A US 2822541 A US2822541 A US 2822541A US 474359 A US474359 A US 474359A US 47435954 A US47435954 A US 47435954A US 2822541 A US2822541 A US 2822541A
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United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
planar
lens
antenna
conductors
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US474359A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sichak William
Edwin P Westbrook
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TDK Micronas GmbH
International Telephone and Telegraph Corp
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Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
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Priority to BE543475D priority Critical patent/BE543475A/xx
Application filed by Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH filed Critical Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
Priority to US474359A priority patent/US2822541A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2822541A publication Critical patent/US2822541A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/04—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism

Definitions

  • the pill box or ⁇ sectoral lens is objectionable because of its largesize and weight.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide such an array with means to eliminate or greatly minimize the aforementioned ⁇ side lobes; and another object is to provide a new array capable of covering a corresponding 4frequency band wherein the number of radiation units -andgpowerdividing junctions are greatly reduced.
  • Still another object is to provide a new lens type of antenna having highly directive characteristics; Vand V*a Vfurther object is to provide an improved linear arrayiemploying lens antennas.
  • One of the features of the invention' is a simplified type of lens antenna comprising two spaced parallel planar conductors and a layer of dielectric material tilling the space between the conductors, the forward edge of the dielectric layer being arcuately curved in a plane parallel to said planar conductors to focus radio frequency energy propagated therethrough.
  • Another'feature is the arrangement of such lens ⁇ anes Patente() f' 2,822,541 l'Patented eb. 4, 1958 .f tion carried on the dielectric layer and the curved forward edgeof Vthe dielectric layer adjacent said'tapered section.
  • YEach vlens ⁇ .portion of .theantennaarray is such'as to accomplish-the sarne radiation normally.obtainedV by eightof Ythe antennas in the :aforementioned model.
  • Eig. 4 is aviewninplan showingan-array of antenna units'inwhich each antenna is provided witha parabolic antenna;
  • Fig. 6 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of the invention-showing Van antennaarray.
  • Fig. -7 is a sectional view taken lalong line 7-7 of Fig. 6.
  • the two conductors 1 and ⁇ 23 are preferably of flat strip materialfthe,planar conductor being wider than the line conductor so -that propaga- :tion ofmicrowaveenergy therealong is in a mode simiv Vthicknessof the pspacingdielectric 3.
  • a one-surface cylindrical lens 15 maybe disposed between the angled portions 13 and 14 with the one-surface face thereof spaced a desired distance from the forward edge of the dielectric 3.
  • the curvature ofthe lens face may either be concave or convex, the particular curvature being such as to provide the focus effect desired.
  • the radiation pattern may have the side lobe effect entirely eliminated by providing a conductive shield in overlying relationship to the tapered sections and the feeder arrangement therefor.
  • a shield is shown by a second planar conductor 16 which is Aextended rearwardly from the angled section 13 in overlying spaced Vrelation to the tapered section 4 7 and the power dividing junctions 8,
  • Vthe dielectric spacing between the conductive strips forming the feeders and tapered sections of the antennas and the planarV conductor 1 is in'the order of ,onefeighth inch
  • the spacing of the shield 16 above the strip material is preferably in the order of one-quarter inch or greater.
  • the provision of this conductive shield over the power dividing junctions of the 32 antenna array was also found to Veliminate the undesired side lobes hereinbefore referred to.Y v
  • the single antenna unit comprises a tapered conductive strip 17 disposed in dielectrically spaced relation to a planar conductor 18, a layer of dielectric material 19 tilling the space therebetween.
  • the tapered section 17 is fed by a strip 20 one end of which is connected to the small end of the tapered section and the other end of which is terminated in overlying relation to an opening 21 formed in the planar conductor 18.
  • a coaxial Wavev guide is coupled thereto by the outer conductor 22 being connected to the planar conductor about the opening 21 with the inner conductor 23 extending through the opening for connection to the strip conductor 20.
  • the forward edge of the dielectric material 19 is arcuately shaped as indicated at 24 along with the forward edge of the sector 17. This curved edge of the dielectric material and the conductor 17 provides a lens effect on the radio frequency energy propagated through the dielectric body.
  • the antenna is used for transmission the radio frequency energy is fed through the coaxial waveguide to the lens antenna where it is ⁇ radiated toward a parabolic reector 25 carried by an extension 26 of the planar conductor 1S.
  • ment shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is the arrangement of the V parallel-plate type similar to that described on. page 403 of the aforementioned Volume 12 of the Radiation Laboratory Series. It will be understood, of course, that this lens 27 may also be used in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 3, and if desired, the lens 15 may be used in the embodiment shown in Figs. 6 and 7. It will also be understood by those skilled n the art that a twosurface lens may be used if desired in place of the one-surface lenses here illustrated.
  • a lens antenna for radio frequency waves comprising a waveguide having first and second strip conductors and a layer of dielectric material disposing said conductors in parallel spaced relation, said first conductor being wider than said second conductor to present thereto a v planar conducting surface for propagation of radio fre- -quency energy therealong in a mode approximating the TEM mode, said second conductorbeing ared adjacent n the end thereof in a plane parallel to said planar surface and said layer of dielectric being terminated adjacent said liared portion with its forward edge arcuately shaped in a plane parallel to said planar surface to produce a l focusing effect on radio frequency energy propagated therethrough.
  • a lens antenna according to claim l wherein said rst strip conductor extends beyond the forward edge of said layer of dielectric material and is provided with a parabolic reflector disposed at right angles to the plane of said second conductor, the face of said parabolic reector being disposed toward said layer of dielectric material to reflect radio frequency energy propagated through l said layer of dielectric material.
  • a coaxial line comprising inner and outer conductors, said first conductor having an opening therethrough in underlying relation to said second conductor,
  • a lens antenna for radio frequency waves comprising'a waveguide terminated in two spaced parallel planar conductors and a'body of dielectric material lling the space between said planar conductors, the forward edge of said dielectric body being arcuately shaped in a plane parallel to said planar conductors whereby the refraction characteristics of said body provides a focusing effect upon radio frequency waves propagated therethrough, a horn-like portion having two opposed walls angled outwardly with respect to the planes of said planar conductors forwardly of the forward edge of said body, and a lens disposed between said angled walls with the curved surface of said lens being spaced a predetermined distance forward of said dielectric body.
  • An antenna array for radio frequency waves comprising two spaced parallel planar conductors, a layer of dielectric material lling the space between said planar conductors, one of said conductors having adjacent portions each tapered rearwardly of the forward edge of said dielectric layer to form in conjunction with the other of said planar conductors a plurality of independent waveguide feeders, the forward edge portion of the dielectric layer forward of each tapered section being arcuately curved to focus radio frequency energy propagated therethrough.
  • planar conductors extend beyond the forward edge of said dielectric layer and at an angle outwardly from the plane of said conductors, said second conductor having a planar extension extending backwardly in spaced overlying shielding relation to said tapered sections and said individual waveguide feeders.
  • An antenna array for radio frequency waves cornprising a waveguide terminated in two parallel planar conductors, a layer of dielectric material filling the space between said planar conductors, one of said conductors having adjacent portions tapered rearwardly of the forward edge of said dielectric layer to form in conjunction with the other of said planar conductors a plurality of independent waveguide feeders, the forward edge portion of the dielectric layer forward of each tapered section being arcuately curved to focus radio frequency energy propagated therethrough, and a horn-like portion having two opposed walls of conductive material angled outwardly with respect to the planes of said planar conductors forwardly of the forward edge of said body.
  • said horn-like portion includes a lens disposed between said two walls spaced a given distance forwardly of the arcuately curved edge portions of said dielectric layer.
  • An antenna array for radio frequency waves cornprising a first planar conductor, a layer of dielectric material overlying said planar conductor, an array of conductor elements carried by said layer, said array of elements lying in a common plane parallel to said first planar conductor and spaced therefrom a small fraction of a quarter wavelength, a conductor strip coupled to each of said elements extending rearwardly in parallel spaced relation to the planar surface of said first conductor to form in conjunction therewith a plurality of independent waveguide feeders, a common waveguide feeder, means coupling said independent waveguide feeders to said cornmon waveguide feeder, and a second planar conductor disposed in overlying shielding relation to and at least a quarter wavelength above said individual waveguide feeders and the coupling connections thereof to said common waveguide feeder.
  • An antenna array according to claim 12 wherein said first and second planar conductors are provided with extensions angled outwardly of the planes thereof and forwardly of said elements, and a lens is disposed between said angled extensions in a given spaced relation with respect to said array of elements.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US474359A 1954-12-10 1954-12-10 Lens antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2822541A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE543475D BE543475A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1954-12-10
US474359A US2822541A (en) 1954-12-10 1954-12-10 Lens antenna system

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US474359A US2822541A (en) 1954-12-10 1954-12-10 Lens antenna system

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US2822541A true US2822541A (en) 1958-02-04

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3038086A (en) * 1958-06-27 1962-06-05 Rca Corp Radio frequency logic circuits
US3414903A (en) * 1965-03-10 1968-12-03 Radiation Inc Antenna system with dielectric horn structure interposed between the source and lens
US3456260A (en) * 1967-09-22 1969-07-15 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system with lens to provide equal illumination of main antenna aperture
US4051476A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-09-27 Raytheon Company Parabolic horn antenna with microstrip feed
US4087822A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-05-02 Raytheon Company Radio frequency antenna having microstrip feed network and flared radiating aperture
US4318103A (en) * 1980-03-17 1982-03-02 Comgeneral Corporation Compact radar detector and range extender
US4488156A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-12-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Geodesic dome-lens antenna
US4491977A (en) * 1982-06-10 1985-01-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Millimeter-wave quasi-optical planar balanced mixer
US4743915A (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-05-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Four-horn radiating modules with integral power divider/supply network
US5017144A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-05-21 Michael Waidhofer Radar detector adaptor
US5063363A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-11-05 Thomson-Csf Electromagnetic energy radiation pick-up
US5070339A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-12-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Tapered-element array antenna with plural octave bandwidth
US5126751A (en) * 1989-06-09 1992-06-30 Raytheon Company Flush mount antenna
US5136304A (en) * 1989-07-14 1992-08-04 The Boeing Company Electronically tunable phased array element
US5317329A (en) * 1989-09-26 1994-05-31 Yupiteru Industries Co., Ltd. Microwave detector and horn antenna structure therefor
US5323169A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-06-21 Voss Scientific Compact, high-gain, ultra-wide band (UWB) transverse electromagnetic (TEM) planar transmission-line-array horn antenna
US6075494A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-06-13 Raytheon Company Compact, ultra-wideband, antenna feed architecture comprising a multistage, multilevel network of constant reflection-coefficient components
US6639566B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-10-28 Andrew Corporation Dual-polarized shaped-reflector antenna
US20050013365A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Microsoft Corporation Advanced bi-directional predictive coding of video frames
EP2427901A4 (en) * 2009-05-05 2014-05-21 Varian Med Sys Inc MULTIPLE STARTING SPACES IN A MULTIPLE BEAM KLYSTRON
US20180175506A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Antenna Device
US20240055772A1 (en) * 2020-12-02 2024-02-15 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Lens antenna, lens antenna array, radio device and method performed by radio device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596190A (en) * 1947-09-05 1952-05-13 Wiley Carl Atwood Dielectric horn
US2602856A (en) * 1948-08-18 1952-07-08 Victor H Rumsey Power distribution system
US2654842A (en) * 1951-07-21 1953-10-06 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Radio frequency antenna
US2669657A (en) * 1949-11-19 1954-02-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic lens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596190A (en) * 1947-09-05 1952-05-13 Wiley Carl Atwood Dielectric horn
US2602856A (en) * 1948-08-18 1952-07-08 Victor H Rumsey Power distribution system
US2669657A (en) * 1949-11-19 1954-02-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic lens
US2654842A (en) * 1951-07-21 1953-10-06 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Radio frequency antenna

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3038086A (en) * 1958-06-27 1962-06-05 Rca Corp Radio frequency logic circuits
US3414903A (en) * 1965-03-10 1968-12-03 Radiation Inc Antenna system with dielectric horn structure interposed between the source and lens
US3456260A (en) * 1967-09-22 1969-07-15 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system with lens to provide equal illumination of main antenna aperture
US4051476A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-09-27 Raytheon Company Parabolic horn antenna with microstrip feed
US4087822A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-05-02 Raytheon Company Radio frequency antenna having microstrip feed network and flared radiating aperture
US4318103A (en) * 1980-03-17 1982-03-02 Comgeneral Corporation Compact radar detector and range extender
US4488156A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-12-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Geodesic dome-lens antenna
US4491977A (en) * 1982-06-10 1985-01-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Millimeter-wave quasi-optical planar balanced mixer
US4743915A (en) * 1985-06-04 1988-05-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Four-horn radiating modules with integral power divider/supply network
US5126751A (en) * 1989-06-09 1992-06-30 Raytheon Company Flush mount antenna
US5063363A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-11-05 Thomson-Csf Electromagnetic energy radiation pick-up
US5136304A (en) * 1989-07-14 1992-08-04 The Boeing Company Electronically tunable phased array element
US5317329A (en) * 1989-09-26 1994-05-31 Yupiteru Industries Co., Ltd. Microwave detector and horn antenna structure therefor
US5070339A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-12-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Tapered-element array antenna with plural octave bandwidth
US5017144A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-05-21 Michael Waidhofer Radar detector adaptor
US5323169A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-06-21 Voss Scientific Compact, high-gain, ultra-wide band (UWB) transverse electromagnetic (TEM) planar transmission-line-array horn antenna
US6075494A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-06-13 Raytheon Company Compact, ultra-wideband, antenna feed architecture comprising a multistage, multilevel network of constant reflection-coefficient components
US6639566B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-10-28 Andrew Corporation Dual-polarized shaped-reflector antenna
US20050013365A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Microsoft Corporation Advanced bi-directional predictive coding of video frames
EP2427901A4 (en) * 2009-05-05 2014-05-21 Varian Med Sys Inc MULTIPLE STARTING SPACES IN A MULTIPLE BEAM KLYSTRON
US8975816B2 (en) 2009-05-05 2015-03-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Multiple output cavities in sheet beam klystron
US20180175506A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Antenna Device
US20240055772A1 (en) * 2020-12-02 2024-02-15 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Lens antenna, lens antenna array, radio device and method performed by radio device
US12322862B2 (en) * 2020-12-02 2025-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Lens antenna, lens antenna array, radio device and method performed by radio device

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